ABSTRACT Urban agriculture (UA) in slums represents a vital yet under‐researched strategy for enhancing food security and community resilience in marginalised urban areas. This systematic review of 104 studies reveals stark contrasts in theoretical approaches: Global North scholarship frames UA through lenses of racial capitalism and gentrification, while Global South perspectives emphasise rights‐based access and survival strategies. A critical gap persists in applying resilience theory and everyday urbanism frameworks that could better capture UA's adaptive capacities in informal settlements. Empirical research remains disproportionately focused on caloric access and social significance (70% of studies), neglecting integrated analyses of economic, environmental, and health impacts (< 30%). Such fragmentation perpetuates narrow policy approaches that overlook UA's systemic potential. Key structural barriers such as land tenure insecurity, spatial constraints, and policy contradictions are particularly acute in African contexts, where informal UA practices thrive despite institutional marginalisation. Three priority research gaps emerge: (1) limited empirical understanding of extra‐legal UA's productivity and governance; (2) insufficient assessment of sustainability trade‐offs; and (3) inadequate inclusion of non‐farming community perspectives in impact evaluations. Addressing these through interdisciplinary, place‐based research could transform UA from an ad hoc coping mechanism into a cornerstone of equitable urban governance under the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11). This paradigm shift requires recognising UA's multidimensional role in slum contexts—not merely as food security intervention, but as integral to urban resilience and community empowerment.

Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in defusing backlash against environmental, social, and governance (ESG) initiatives and advancing sustainability. This review explores the role of entrepreneurship in mitigating ESG opposition and promoting sustainable development. A systematic review utilizing online databases resulted in a shortlist of 499 articles, of which 62 were selected using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses 2020 flowchart. The findings highlight the barriers companies face in adopting ESG practices, such as shareholder returns and company valuation, and describe successful strategies to overcome these obstacles. They also explore how entrepreneurial innovation can transform ESG backlash into opportunities for growth and positive impact. Entrepreneurs can drive systemic change and contribute to a more sustainable and equitable global economy by enhancing transparency, fostering stakeholder trust, and integrating long-term sustainability goals. The review concludes with practical strategies for entrepreneurs to navigate the complexities of ESG integration in the future.

Grow Free, a grassroots social initiative, emerged in South Australia in 2013. Grow Free advocates for the sharing and exchange of free seeds, seedlings, fruits, and vegetables among neighbors. The number of Grow Free participants grew to about 230 throughout South Australia as of 2022. This article explores the agri-social characteristics of Grow Free participants, drawing on 50 postal survey respondents and 17 semi-structured phone interviews. This study finds that diverse non-governmental organizations in addition to residential households are actively participating in the Grow Free network, including community gardens and community centers. Moreover, many household-type Grow Free participants are linked to an array of other grassroots social initiatives including Permaculture South Australia and Trees for Life. The study notes that Grow Free along with other alternative food networks has facilitated collaborative food production and consumption at a local scale. Through grassroots organizational mechanisms, Grow Free participants have been committed to fostering community building and resilience through food sharing.

Sustainable development involves multi-level, multi-actor and multi-faceted processes and interrelations for which, ideally, comprehensive theoretical frameworks are required to understand the nature, dynamics and heterogeneity of changes generating greater sustainability in rural areas. Studies have utilised the rural web framework to explain these processes and interactions, but its application is lacking in sub-Saharan Africa. This study addresses the gap in the literature by using the framework to (1) explore sustainable development indicators and (2) evaluate their socioeconomic determinants based on a questionnaire survey with data collected from 600 rural households in Ghana. Additionally, formal interviews were conducted with 60 participants, comprising village leaders, not-for-profit organisations and officers from municipal assemblies. This research shows that endogeneity, novelty production, and sustainability indicators describe rural regions as agriculturally diversified economies. Several factors contribute significantly to agricultural diversification, including social relationships, social groups, market participation, and the presence of migrants. These findings have implications for achieving two of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SDG 1 (zero poverty) and SDG 2 (zero hunger), as they highlight the benefits of social and economic linkages between rural and urban areas within the context of agricultural production, exchange of resources and the mitigation of accessibility barriers to resources. We suggest that policies seeking to increase agricultural diversification, food security and achieve sustainable rural development should strengthen social relationships and institutional structures, increase market opportunities, assist farmers with organic certifications and bridge the rural-urban development gap.

The primary aim of spiritual or religious intentional communities is that their members live their lives based on spiritual or religious principles and precepts. This article presents a case study of Sisa Asoke in Thailand as a contemporary example of a Buddhism-based intentional community. The article tracks down how Sisa Asoke has evolved into an ecovillage, which was not its primary intention. This study employs ethnographic methods, including participant observations, to gain insights into the community’s day-to-day activities, and interviews to provide an understanding of the community from the community’s perspective. The study categorises observation and interview data into the cultural, ecological, social and economic dimensions of sustainability, aligning with the definition of an ecovillage. The study finds that Sisa Asoke has collectively committed to organic agriculture, relying on local resources. Daily activities at Sisa Asoke are interrelated, showcasing the holistic integration of the four dimensions of sustainability. Furthermore, this study concludes that their shared belief in and practice of the Buddha’s teachings have catalysed the development of regenerative social and natural environments. Therefore, it can be inferred that Sisa Asoke has come very close to being classified as an ecovillage.

The mining industry’s generation of environmental risks has galvanised increasing social upheaval worldwide, leading to its Social License to Operate being called into question. The coal mining industry is no exception. Nonetheless, the industry remains a crucial supporter of many regional Australian economies, providing communities with employment opportunities and vital amenities. However, this support comes at the expense of direct exposure to particulate matter emissions or ‘coal dust’, a pollutant known for its adverse long-term health outcomes. Thus, communities are dealt an intriguing social dilemma: ‘Do you bite the hand that feeds you?’ This paper explores how Singleton and Clermont, regional Australian coal mining towns in New South Wales and Queensland, respectively, have exemplified such a phenomenon. Based on 34 thematically analysed semi-structured interviews, this paper develops its argument that the Social License to Operate, as a metric for community acceptance and approval, may be rendered useless when communities are economically dependent on coal mining. This paper aims to ultimately shed light on the factors affecting the Social License to Operate using regional Australian perspectives, highlighting the malleability of community acceptance.

Climate change loss and damage (L&D) due to both sudden and slow-onset events are a growing concern for vulnerable countries. Over the last decade, agricultural communities in Fiji have suffered a range of serious L&D from severe drought events. Through a grounded theoretical lens, qualitative research was used to gain in-depth insights into L&D from droughts in the Fijian sugar industry. In-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 68) were conducted in two Indo-Fijian sugarcane communities, Barotu and Toko settlements in Western Viti Levu, Fiji, and with key stakeholders from government ministries, academia, and climate change experts at the national level. Purposive sampling was initially used to identify smallholder sugarcane farmers and key stakeholders. Theoretical sampling further identified key stakeholders for the interview. Despite implementing various adaptation measures, the Fijian sugar industry has suffered severe L&D, including non-economic L&D (NELD) and associated cascading effects. L&D included reduced yields, loss of crops, and reduced income. NELD included deterioration of mental, physical, and emotional health, loss of hope, and uncertainty. Cascading effects included increased food insecurity risks and impacts on children's education. Key policy interventions are recommended, such as removing adaptation constraints, developing drought risk profiles and early warning systems, investing in livelihood diversification, and engaging in new markets to facilitate social and ecological transformations that will promote livelihood resilience. Key Policy Highlights:Climatic and non-climatic stressors are inherently interconnected and interact in a complex and complicated manner to enhance social-ecological systems (SES) vulnerability.Inadequate drought adaptation measures further marginalise farmers and ultimately increase their vulnerability to drought risks and loss and damage (L&D).L&D presents itself in various ways, including non-economic L&D and cascading effects that are impacting upon future generations.With projected climate change and the likelihood of impacts worsening, there is an urgency to address L&D more coherently through crucial policy interventions.

Cities in Sub-Saharan African countries, already vulnerable, are under increasing pressure from the impacts of climate change and its associated risks. Urban resilience has emerged as a development strategy for improving the capacity of urban systems to cope with, withstand, and mitigate the impacts of extreme events in cities. Using a qualitative research approach and drawing on semi-structured interviews with 20 practitioners in Ghana, the study examined practitioner insights into urban resilience and the implications for urban resilience theory and practice. The study identified that practitioners have diverse understandings and views about urban resilience, shaped by their different experiences and priorities. Functional and outcome-oriented urban resilience understanding prioritising physical urban infrastructure dominated urban resilience views among the practitioners. Few practitioners understood urban resilience in social and governance terms that align with transformative urban resilience ideas. The key point for urban resilience planning is that the dominant outcome and functional view that aligns with conservative urban resilience ideas limits opportunities for multi-stakeholder engagement, collaboration, and urban transformation. Therefore, if urban resilience remains an essential goal for urban planning, it should incorporate change, learning, social, and governance ideas because they hold enormous promise for advancing politically feasible and socially equitable urban resilience policies and planning outcomes.

Summary This tourism case study pays attention to natural resource management conflicts surrounding the Loliondo Game-controlled Area which encompasses 4000 km 2 adjacent to Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania. Maasai, the largest nomadic pastoralist ethnic group in Tanzania, accounts for the overwhelming majority of the population residing in the Loliondo Game-controlled Area. The Loliondo Game-controlled Area has suffered from land-use and property-right conflicts among stakeholders despite establishing a series of wildlife management policies concerning the area. Trophy-hunting tourism has been operated in the Loliondo Game-controlled Area by a transnational private corporation with the Tanzanian government’s exclusive permission. Trophy hunting conflicts with other land uses in the Loliondo Game-controlled Area, including non-consumptive tourism, pastoral livelihoods, and crop farming. Although the Village Land Act 1999 recognizes customary rights vested with local villages to wildlife management in the Game-controlled Areas, the Maasai communities in the Loliondo Game-controlled Area have yet to reap benefits from trophy hunting or photography tourism. To identify an alternative wildlife management option preferred by the Maasai communities, a community survey was conducted in 2018. A sample of 330 households was surveyed, with 55 in each of the six selected villages in the Loliondo Game-controlled Area. The survey confirmed that the Maasai communities were not involved in the decision-making process for wildlife management. This study has found that the Maasai communities strongly support establishing a Joint Venture Wildlife Management Area of 1500 km 2 within the Loliondo Game-controlled Area, with the remaining 2500 km 2 being allocated to grazing, farming, and human settlements. Under the Joint Venture Wildlife Management Area scheme, local villages would jointly manage wildlife and be entitled to rights to manage and use wildlife and other natural resources in the region. The overwhelming majority of the participants in the community survey were optimistic that the co-management scheme would help enhance natural resource management efficiency and social equity. Information © The Authors 2023

Guest value priorities in relation to online peer-to-peer accommodation are an underexamined area. This study examined social and economic benefits among Airbnb guests. The relationships between guests' benefit priorities were tested in relation to satisfaction and behavioral intention. A total of 693 Airbnb guests were recruited from the U.S. and China. A framework to examine how cross-cultural differences moderate the associations between constructs was employed to examine the influences of the two cultures, one characterized by collectivism (China) and the other by individualism (U.S.). Confirmatory factory analysis and partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to test variable relationships. PLS-SEM analysis indicated that social and economic benefits both significantly influenced satisfaction and behavioral intention (satisfaction also influenced behavioral intention). Multigroup analysis was employed to test a framework examining cultural differences. It was found that social and economic benefits influenced behavioral intention differently for Chinese and U.S. Airbnb guests. The results suggest the importance of social and economic benefits in a peer-to-peer accommodation setting, as well as the need to understand cultural differences in the sharing economy.

Climate change loss and damage (L&D) presents an existential threat to the Fiji Islands. This case study examines how rural Indo-Fijian sugarcane farming communities face challenges in minimising, averting, and addressing L&D from cyclones. In-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 68) were conducted with 40 sugarcane farmers in two Indo-Fijian sugarcane communities, Barotu and Toko settlements in Western Viti Levu, Fiji, and with 28 key stakeholders from government ministries, academia, and climate change response services. Despite implementing climate change adaptation measures, Fiji's sugar industry has faced devastating L&D from frequent and severe cyclones. Much of the climate change L&D to crops, property, and income was irreversible and unavoidable. Non-economic loss and damage (NELD) was found insurmountable in both field sites, including the loss of homes and places of worship, cascading and flow-on effects as well as the heightening of uncertainty, fear, and trauma. Evidence suggests that L&D, including NELD, is highly context specific, and UNFCCC's broad NELD categories do not fully capture L&D at the local level. The systematic documentation of L&D within vulnerable communities would improve understanding of L&D, including NELD, and assist to facilitate the mobilisation of immediate support and action to address L&D in countries that lack the capacities to respond independently. This paper recommends crucial policy interventions such as livelihood diversification, integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, land tenure policy reforms, and the operationalisation of the Santiago Network for Loss and Damage.

This study focuses on wildlife management in the Loliondo Game Controlled Area (LGCA) in the northern region of Tanzania. There are ongoing concerns surrounding wildlife management in the LGCA including an acute lack of community involvement in the wildlife management planning and decision-making process, poorly defined property rights, and the unequitable distribution of the economic benefits generated from the ecotourism and trophy hunting schemes being implemented. Employing multi-criteria analysis techniques, this study explores and evaluates the alternative wildlife management options for the wildlife tourism site at issue. The joint venture wildlife management option has been identified as the most preferable. Under a joint venture wildlife management scheme, trophy hunting and ecotourism is allowed in the area designated for conservation, while livestock grazing, agriculture, and village settlements are permitted in the remaining area of the LGCA. Under this scheme, a community-based organization (CBO) is granted user rights to wildlife and other natural resources in the conservation area. A joint venture programme is established between commercial investors and a CBO. The study argues that joint venture wildlife management should be introduced to ensure well-defined property rights, implement efficient wildlife conservation, and the equitable share of economic benefits across the various stakeholders.

There is a limited theoretical understanding of the importance of urban periodic markets (UPMs) for sustainable rural development in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper explores the value of UPMs to sustainable rural development by employing the rural web technique. The specific objectives are to (1) describe the characteristics of UPMs in Ghana, and (2) assess the effects of UPMs on the six indicators of sustainable rural development proposed by the rural web technique. Surveys and interviews were used to collect primary data in villages both in Ghana's more developed southern region and the less developed northern region. Our study finds that UPMs generate important socioeconomic interactions and enable cooperative marketing in both regions. UPMs shorten the food supply chains and create new types of rural-urban linkages, especially through farmers' direct participation. Farmers from across Ghana noted that UPMs create employment opportunities, and in turn, provide access to varieties of goods that are not locally produced. In northern Ghana, farmers' participation in UPMs enable cross-border trading with international buyers from Burkina Faso and Cote D'lvoire. The findings imply that the modernisation of UPMs could provide a critical pathway to achieving sustainable development objectives within rural Sub-Saharan Africa.

Anthropogenic climate change loss and damage (L&D) is a key area of climate policy. Much of the L&D governance has been situated within the international climate regime. A major gap in L&D governance is the lack of understanding of how institutions are dealing with L&D policy and decision-making at national and industry scales. This study examines L&D governance with an emphasis on policy gaps, capacity constraints, availability of data, and access to climate finance in Fiji's sugar industry. Systematic policy analysis and in-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 28) are conducted to gain insights into L&D governance in Fiji's sugar industry. To date, the Ministry of Sugar Industry has been unable to develop climate change and disaster risk reduction policies and plans. Other institutional constraints in Fiji's sugar industry to avert, minimise, and address L&D include lack of human resources with technical skills as well as limited data and access to financial resources. This research recommends key policy interventions such as developing L&D policy and action plans, building capacity, and implementing a standardised practice of data management between stakeholders for urgent climate action. At the international level, the Warsaw International Mechanism and the Santiago Network for Loss and Damage could be strengthened to mobilise urgent support and action, including finance and technical assistance to avert, minimise, and address L&D in vulnerable countries.

Purpose - This research is based on international trends and the U.S. response to problems caused by the overlap of the tariff evaluation system and the transfer price tax system. This study intends to review the existence of the domestic tariff evaluation system and transfer price tax system. Design/Methodology/Approach - In this study, only the upper transfer price adjustment, which leads to the collection of tariffs, is considered in the customs evaluation system, and the discussion was conducted with a sense of the current situation in which taxpayers are unilaterally disadvantaged. To this end, after analyzing international trends in problems caused by the overlap of the tariff evaluation system and the transfer price tax system, a new method of Korea's tariff evaluation system and transfer price tax system was proposed. Findings - As a result of analyzing discussions by the World Customs Organization (WCO), the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), it is desirable to consider a transfer price adjustment in the tariff evaluation system. However, since it is clear that compensation adjustments or some price adjustments affect the tariff evaluation system, it is very important to clarify that effect in the relevant guidelines. Research Implications - Currently, it can be said that the correction disposition by the transfer price tax system in Korea does not affect the tariff evaluation system. However, since it is clear that compensation adjustments or some price adjustments affect the tariff evaluation system, it is important to clarify that effect in the relevant guidelines.

Like many Southeast Asian countries, there are a significant number of overseas Chinese companies in the Philippines and they are showing great influence. Accordingly, this study investigated the current status of overseas Chinese in the Philippines, the development process of overseas Chinese businesses, and their share in the economy. It was revealed that overseas Chinese in the Philippines have a strong identity as Chinese, adhere to Chinese culture and values, and live concentrated in the Fujian Province Hall and Manila. Overseas Chinese companies in the Philippines were previously estimated to account for about one-third of listed companies in the Philippines, but it is known that the number is increasing. Therefore, this study investigated the life, values, and management philosophy of Wu Yi-hui, a representative overseas Chinese entrepreneur. He is from Fujian Province, China, and is known as the Li Ka-shing of Philippines. He is a overseas Chinese entrepreneur with high recognition and strong influence in Southeast Asia. This study also investigated JG Summit Group, a representative overseas Chinese company in the Philippines founded by Wu Yi-hui. JG Summit is active in eight major fields, including food, real estate, aviation, hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, banking, finance, and publishing. Thus it can be said to be a family business and conglomerate that drives the Philippine economy. And, JG Summit's internal and external environment, competitiveness, and development strat-egy were analyzed through SWOT analysis. This study investigated the current status of overseas Chinese and their business in the Philippines, and analyzed Wu Yi-hui and JG Summit to expand understanding of overseas Chinese businesses in the Philippines. This research presented practical implications for companies entering the Philippines.

Coal mining companies in Australia are facing increasing pressure to confirm a Social License to Operate (SLO), defined as the ongoing acceptance and approval of a site or technology by stakeholders that can affect the financial prosperity of mining. This paper investigates the relationships between local communities, the government, and coal mining companies in Australian regional coal mining towns and presents insights into how these relationships affect perceived SLO. Since the colonial era, Australian economic prosperity has largely been propelled by an abundant stock of minerals, including coals. This study has undertaken 27 semi-structured interviews with residents from Singleton, New South Wales, and seven with residents from Clermont, Queensland. Most interviewees expressed their strongly negative perceptions of coal dust pollution. Nonetheless, they described strong feelings of disempowerment and the power of the government-industry nexus, which resulted in a withdrawal of their engagement with the mining companies and governments. Most interviewees are found not to believe they could generate any change to their disempowerment. In the context of non-market valuation, the antinomic environmental psychology among the local communities affected by coal dust implies the complexity and difficulty of estimating the unbiased dollar value of a hypothetical reduction in coal dust pollution.

The current study was conducted to examine the consumption process of tourists through the SIPS model as they experienced tourism-related information and products on social networking sites. Data was collected online from Koreans who have experience in using social networking sites, and a total of 479 responses were used for the data analysis. The statistical package for social sciences 23 and analysis of moment structures 23 were used to evaluate stability, consistency for the measurement items, and to perform structural equation modeling to test hypotheses. There were three main results that emerged from the study. First, three dimensions of sympathy (emotional sympathy, content sympathy, and sympathy for situations and publishers) were extracted. Second, among the dimensions of sympathy, only “content sympathy” showed a significant impact on identification while all dimensions of sympathy significantly affected tourism participation intention. It indicated that tourists are willing to participate in tourism activities immediately if they sympathize with the information obtained from social media without going through the identification process, which is the opposite result of what the SIPS model argued. Lastly, travel content production experience has been shown to have a moderating effect in the relationship between identification and tourism participation intention. The current study will contribute to understanding tourists’ consumption process of tourism-related information on social networking sites and to establish efficient marketing strategies.

Permaculture emerged in the late 1970s as an alternative-agriculture movement in Australia. Permaculture is a practical philosophy of how to work with nature rather than against it. The underlying ethical principles of permaculture, which are Earth care, people care and fair share, recognise the interdependence between agriculture and the rest of the world and between humans and non-humans. Permaculture is not just about growing food in a sustainable manner. Permaculture is a system integrating the diverse functions of otherwise separate elements of the human settlements including nutrients, species, farms, villages, industries, and sectors. This chapter explores permacultural practices with real-world examples. Permaculture ethics can be practiced at varying spatial scales. At the farming household level, polyculture, crop rotations, and crop-livestock integration can be implemented to maintain soil fertility in a closed nutrient cycle. At the household level, low-impact and energy-efficient housing is carried out. At the community level, permaculture has been the philosophical and design foundation of co-housing or ecovillage movements. At the business level, permaculture offers the business ethics of no waste of resources and corporate social responsibility. Permaculture philosophy can be a guideline underlying a bioregional planning, which denies human dominance over nature. This chapter also brings attention to the problem associated with the dichotomous division of ecocentrism and technocentrism. As represented in the Earth care ethical principle, permaculture is concerned for global resource scarcities and environmental pollution. Thus, permaculture is often understood to take the highly ecocentric environmental view. On the other hand, permaculture advocates for technological development that enables the use of renewable energy sources. Thus, it is inappropriate to place permaculture environmentalism on a linear spectrum of environmentalism where ecocentrism and technocentrism are polarised.