Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are monogenic disorders of the immune system that lead to immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, autoinflammation, allergy, and/or cancer. This review provides a comparative review of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of IEI in China. While individual forms of IEI are generally rare disorders globally, collectively they represent a significant disease burden. China has recently made great strides in the diagnosis and treatment of IEIs with the increasing utility of next-generation sequencing and the availability of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Challenges remain in the establishment of national registry databases comparable to the European Society for Immunodeficiencies and The United States Immunodeficiency Network. Also, the absence of a national newborn screening program for severe combined immunodeficiency poses risks regarding live attenuated vaccination in undiagnosed infants. Current access to treatment including subcutaneous immunoglobulin, targeted molecular therapies, and commercialized gene therapy remains limited in China. Nevertheless, the therapeutic landscape is rapidly evolving, marked by an increasing clinical application of precision molecular-targeted treatments and the emergence of AI-empowered gene editing therapies. Ultimately, advancing the field of IEI necessitates global collaboration, integrating the complementary strengths of both regions to establish scientific breakthroughs and clinical innovation.

To investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with a history of iodinated contrast medium (ICM)-induced hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) undergoing re-exposure to ICM. Medical records of inpatients who received allergy consultations in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2019 to July 31, 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with prior ICM-related HSR who subsequently underwent ICM re-administration were enrolled. Of 997 patients referred for allergy consultation, 65 met inclusion criteria, including 47 males (72.3

Background:Polysensitization occurs in 80% of allergic patients. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) formulations with multiple allergens remain debated for polysensitized patients. Objective:This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety profile of multiallergen AIT in polysensitized allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Methods:We searched for polysensitized AR patients treated with multiple allergens in immunotherapy in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library until June 5, 2025. Results:Seven randomized clinical trials and 7 nonrandomized studies were included. Multiallergen immunotherapy significantly reduced combined symptom and medication scores versus placebo from baseline (SMD: -3.75, 95% CI (-5.85, -1.65; p < 0.001)). Compared to single-allergen AIT, symptom score changes were no difference (SMD: -0.34, 95% CI -1.21, 0.52; p = 0.44), while medication scores showed slight superiority (SMD: -1.36, 95% CI -2.44, -0.28; p = 0.01). But both scores at the last follow-up were significantly reduced compared with single-allergen treatment (SMD: -1.75, p = 0.01; SMD: -1.30, p = 0.007). Systematic review highlighted superior outcomes with dual-allergen AIT in some studies. The multiallergen group had a safer profile in randomized studies (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35, 0.96, p = 0.03). No significant differences were found in adverse events due to AIT treatment among non-randomized studies (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.64, 1.15, p = 0.3). Multiallergen AIT demonstrated enhanced immune tolerance and modulation of the type 2 immune response similar to single-allergen treatment. Conclusion:Based on current evidence, multiallergen AIT demonstrates no significant difference in efficacy, a comparable safety profile, and equivalent immunological modulation compared to single-allergen AIT for the treatment of polysensitized allergic rhinitis. Dual-allergen approaches may optimize benefits in clinically relevant cases, though study heterogeneity necessitates standardized trials.

Objective This study compares the efficacy of monthly subcutaneous injections of 150 mg versus 300 mg omalizumab in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) caused by cypress pollen allergy and with total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels below 100 IU/ml, aiming to provide a basis for individualized treatment in the population with low total IgE. Methods This single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 60 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis induced by cypress pollen and total IgE levels below 100 IU/mL. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a single subcutaneous injection of either 300 mg omalizumab or 150 mg omalizumab plus placebo within 5 days prior to the pollen season onset. The endpoints included daily symptom and medication scores (dSS, dMS, CSMS), Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) score, Allergic Rhinitis Control Test (ARCT) score, and nasal resistance. Results Among the 54 patients ultimately included in the analysis (27 in each group), the 300 mg group demonstrated significantly better outcomes than the 150 mg group in the CSMS (1.1 ± 0.1 vs 1.6 ± 0.1, P = 0.007), dSS (0.6 ± 0.1 vs 0.8 ± 0.1, P = 0.016), and ocular symptom score (0.5 ± 0.1 vs 0.7 ± 0.1, P = 0.003). The total RQLQ score in the 300 mg group was significantly lower than that in the 150 mg group during both the peak and late phases of the pollen season (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the ARCT score during the peak phase was significantly better in the 300 mg group (P = 0.011), and nasal resistance was significantly reduced (P = 0.020). No drug-related adverse reactions occurred in either group. Conclusions In patients with seasonal AR and total IgE levels of less than 100 IU/ml, a monthly dose of 300 mg omalizumab provided greater improvement in symptoms, quality of life, and nasal ventilation function compared with the 150 mg dose. This suggests that a higher individualized dosing strategy should be considered for such patients. Trial registration National Medical Research Registration and Filing Information System (MR-11-25-016855), registered 27 February 2025.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for allergic diseases, but current crude-extract-based approaches suffer from poor standardization and variable safety and efficacy. This study developed lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA vaccines encoding Der p 1 and Der p 2, the major house dust mite (HDM) allergens, and evaluated them in a murine model of HDM-induced airway inflammation. LNP-mRNA vaccines triggered potent humoral immunity and exhibited good tolerability. Subcutaneous immunotherapy significantly reduced early allergic responses, airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil infiltration, and mucus hypersecretion. Compared with HDM extract, LNP-mRNA more effectively suppressed T helper cell 2 (Th2)-driven inflammation, decreased total and HDM-specific IgE, and induced allergen-specific blocking antibodies. Specifically, Der p 1/2-specific IgG1 and IgG2a titers increased by more than 10-fold, markedly inhibiting basophil activation. Mechanistically, LNP-mRNA enhanced regulatory T cell (Treg) and type 1 Treg (Tr1) populations, restored Th1/Th2 balance with an approximately 2-fold increase in Th1 cells, reduced innate lymphoid cell 2 (ILC2) frequencies, and promoted germinal center B and T follicular helper responses. Innate immune activation was also observed, with elevated dendritic cells type 1 (cDC1), dendritic cells type 2 (cDC2), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) frequencies. These results demonstrate that HDM LNP-mRNA vaccines are safe, are immunologically potent, and represent a standardized next-generation approach for AIT.

To evaluate the effectiveness of outdoor field-based teaching in improving the ability of clinical medical postgraduates and visiting trainees to identify allergenic plants, and to provide evidence for optimizing standardized training curricula for allergy specialists. A single-group pre- and post-test design was employed. A two-hour outdoor practical teaching session was conducted at the National Botanical Garden for clinical medical postgraduates and visiting trainees from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The course was jointly delivered by instructors in botany and allergy, using on-site explanations of representative plant species, analysis of key morphological features, real-time question-and-answer interactions, and guided discussions. Participants completed plant identification tests before and after the course, and a post-course questionnaire was administered to collect student feedback on learning experience and satisfaction. Sixteen students participated in the course. Post-course test scores 90.0 (80.0, 100.0) were significantly higher than pre-course scores 60.0 (42.5, 70.0), with a median improvement of 30 points (P < 0.001). The magnitude of score improvement was negatively correlated with baseline knowledge (ρ = -0.674, P = 0.004). After the course, plant identification accuracy exceeded 80

Background:Bronchodilation testing (BDT) is routinely used to assess reversibility of airflow limitation. For patients with rhinitis who report asthma-related symptoms but often show preserved spirometry, the clinical patterns associated with bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) are less clearly described. Understanding these patterns may help clinicians interpret lung function in real-world practice. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 555 consecutive patients who underwent spirometry and BDT at a single tertiary allergy center. Data on clinical symptoms, allergic status, type-2 inflammatory markers, baseline spirometry results, and BDT outcomes were collected. Associations between symptoms, spirometric indices, and BDR were evaluated. Exploratory analyses examined the relationship between FEV1 improvements below the conventional ≥12% criterion and asthma-related symptoms. Results:Among all participants, 71.9% had allergic rhinitis, and 88.6% reported asthma-related symptoms. BDR was observed across a wide range of baseline spirometry values; 47.2% of BDT-positive patients had FEV1 ≥80% predicted. Small airway indices, especially FEF5 0 % predicted, were strongly associated with BDR. Wheezing and chest tightness demonstrated clearer physiological correlations than coughing alone did. FEV1 improvements slightly below the conventional ≥12% bronchodilator threshold were also associated with asthma-related symptoms, although these findings were exploratory and not intended as diagnostic criteria. Conclusion:In patients with rhinitis and suspected asthma, airflow variability may be present even when FEV1 appears preserved. Small-airway parameters and symptom profiles offer a useful context for interpreting BDT results. Modest FEV1 changes may be clinically relevant and warrant further prospective study. These findings may help clinicians judge when bronchodilation testing is informative during the routine evaluation of suspected airway disease.

BACKGROUND:Recently, clonidine has been increasingly utilized for the treatment of tic disorders in children rather than for hypertension in adults. The transdermal patch is a common route of administration. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by clonidine transdermal patch was reported in adults with hypertension but never in children with tic disorder. OBJECTIVE:We report on the first pediatric case developed allergic contact dermatitis within one to two weeks after using clonidine transdermal patch. METHODS:Patch test with clonidine and Chinese baseline series including adhesive components (ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) from the adhesive layer of the transdermal patch were performed. RESULTS:We report the first pediatric case with allergic contact dermatitis due to clonidine transdermal patch confirmed by patch test. She presented with pruritic erythema, blistering, and rupture at the patch site, matching its size and shape. Patch test with clonidine hydrochloride elicited positive reactions (++ to +++), while tests for specific components from the adhesive layer, including ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, were negative, thereby identifying clonidine as the primary allergen. CONCLUSIONS:This case highlights that although clonidine itself has weak sensitizing potential, the transdermal therapeutic system may increase the risk of clonidine-induced sensitization and make it become a potential trigger for allergic contact dermatitis in clonidine transdermal patch users.

BackgroundAsthma remains a global health burden, affecting over 300 million individuals worldwide, with its pathogenesis involving complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental allergens. Pollen is a well-established trigger of allergic asthma. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its allergenic activity remain incompletely understood. Recent advances have highlighted the emerging role of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in immune modulation. Notably, pollen-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have been identified as carriers of allergenic proteins. Therefore, this study investigates whether pollen contains extracellular vesicles(EVs) and whether these vesicles can induce allergic airway inflammation.MethodsWe isolated extracellular vesicles from Artemisia annua pollen using differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The biological activity of PDEVs was evaluated in vitro using human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and in vivo using a murine asthma model.ResultsPDEVs are nanoscale lipid bilayer structures containing diverse allergenic proteins and exhibiting structural stability. PDEVs induced significantly stronger pro-inflammatory responses compared to pollen supernatant (Sup) in vitro. PDEVs enhanced inflammatory cytokine production IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33 expression, and promoted eosinophilic, neutrophilic infiltration in murine.ConclusionOur findings suggest extracellular vesicles present in pollen grains, which may represent a critical mechanism underlying pollen-induced airway inflammation. Targeting PDEVs may offer new therapeutic strategies for allergic airway diseases prevention and treatment.

Background:Alternaria alternata is a major fungal allergen, yet standardized skin prick test (SPT) extracts are lacking in China, hindering the use of this simple, first-line diagnostic tool. Objective:This study aimed to clinically evaluate a novel, domestically developed A. alternata extract for SPT and establish a diagnostic cutoff in a Chinese population. Patients and Methods:In this prospective, single-center study, 910 patients with allergic diseases were consecutively enrolled. All underwent SPT with the in-house A. alternata extract (Alt a 1: 25.7-34.8 µg/mL). Serum-specific IgE (sIgE) (ImmunoCAP™) served as the reference standard. Diagnostic accuracy was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events. Results:The per-protocol set included 610 subjects. The area under the ROC curve was 0.868 (95% CI: 0.839-0.897). The optimal diagnostic cutoff was a mean wheal diameter of 3.25 mm, yielding a sensitivity of 81.10% (95% CI: 76.76%-85.24%) and specificity of 79.32% (95% CI: 74.46%-84.18%). To achieve 95% specificity, the cutoff increased to 4.25 mm. No adverse events were reported among all 910 participants. Conclusion:The novel A. alternata SPT extract demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy for detecting Alternaria alternata sensitization and an excellent safety profile. The established cutoff of 3.25 mm provides a population-optimized threshold for identifying sensitized individuals in China. This study addresses a critical gap in allergen standardization and supports the use of SPT as a reliable first-line tool for assessing fungal sensitization in clinical practice. Trial Registration:ChiCTR ChiCTR1800014899. Registered 13 February 2018 (retrospectively registered).

BACKGROUND:In China, therapeutic options are limited by the narrow availability of allergen preparations, with house dust mite (HDM) allergen immunotherapy (AIT) as the main choice for most patients. However, polysensitization is highly prevalent, and the benefit of HDM AIT in such patients remains uncertain. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of single-allergen HDM AIT on both perennial and coexisting allergen-specific symptoms in polysensitised allergic rhinitis (AR) patients and to explore predictors of treatment response. METHODS:We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study including 81 patients with AR who were polysensitised to HDM and at least one other inhalant allergen (e.g., pollens, mould or animal dander). All participants received HDM subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for 12 to 36 months. Baseline characteristics, including serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) levels and comorbidities, were collected. Symptom severity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and treatment response was defined as a ≥ 30% reduction in VAS scores from baseline. Statistical comparisons between responders and non-responders were conducted using Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous data. Firth logistic regression was used to identify predictors of treatment response. RESULTS:The overall response rate for perennial symptoms was 68.8%, and varied in patients with co-existing allergies: 72.7% for moulds, 70.0% for animal dander, 65.5% for tree pollen, 70.2% for weed pollens. Allergen-specific symptom response rates varied across allergens: 68.2% for moulds, 30.0% for animal dander, 56.7% for tree pollens, 74.5% for weed pollens. Higher sIgE levels to HDM and mould were significantly associated with lower response rates in patients co-sensitised to both. A predictive model incorporating both sIgEs showed good specificity. CONCLUSION:Single-allergen HDM AIT is effective in many polysensitised AR patients; however, its efficacy varies by coexisting allergen type and sIgE level. Patients co-sensitised to mould with high HDM and mould sIgE appeared to have poorer outcomes. These preliminary findings require confirmation in larger prospective studies to guide tailored AIT strategies.

Food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA) is a life-threatening allergic reaction, while wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is triggered by wheat ingestion plus cofactors. To elucidate their differences, we profiled serum extracellular vesicle (EV) proteomes from 240 participants, including WDEIA, FIA, oral allergy syndrome (OAS), and healthy controls. All blood samples were obtained at least one month after the most recent acute allergic reaction, using TMT-based LC-MS/MS with ELISA validation. A total of 583 EV proteins were confidently identified, revealing distinct immune features. Compared with controls, EV-derived C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) significantly decreased in both WDEIA and FIA, showing diagnostic potential for systemic anaphylaxis. Seventy-six proteins differed between WDEIA and FIA, with reduced apolipoprotein E (APOE) in FIA and elevated eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in WDEIA, both exhibiting good discriminatory power. These findings indicate that serum EV proteomics can reveal unique immune signatures and identify C1-INH, APOE, and ECP as potential biomarkers distinguishing food-related anaphylaxis subtypes.

BACKGROUND:Anti-IgE therapy can serve as an option for inadequately controlled seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) patients. LP-003, a novel anti-IgE antibody, is being tested as an add-on treatment for SAR. This trial aimed to evaluate whether LP-003 is effective and safe for SAR. METHODS:This placebo-controlled double-blind phase 2 randomized clinical trial was conducted in 17 hospitals in China. SAR patients whose symptoms were inadequately controlled despite first-line treatment (nasal corticosteroids with or without oral antihistamine) in the previous two seasons were enrolled between July 6, 2023 and August 7, 2023. Participants were randomized in a ratio of 2:4:3 to receive subcutaneous injections of 100 mg LP-003, 200 mg LP-003 or placebo every 4 weeks for 2 doses. All patients received fluticasone propionate as standard-of-care (SoC). The main outcome was the mean total nasal symptom score (TNSS) during the peak pollen period (PPP). Secondary endpoints included a series of symptom and medication scores, quality of life assessments during PPP and pollen period (PP), immunogenicity and safety. RESULTS:A total of 180 participants were randomly assigned. The LP-003 + SoC treatment achieved a significantly lower TNSS compared with placebo + SoC (3.31 vs. 4.06, intergroup difference = -0.74, p = 0.0464). For key secondary outcomes, the LP-003 group also achieved significantly lower daily nasal symptom and rescue medication use scores (3.54 vs. 4.42, intergroup difference = -0.88, p = 0.0352), and daily ocular symptom and rescue medication use scores (1.66 vs. 2.19, intergroup difference = -0.54, p = 0.0245) compared to the placebo group. The suppression of free IgE was prevalent and persistent. There was no statistically significant difference in adverse events and severe adverse events between LP-003 and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS:These findings support LP-003 as a promising add-on option to the SoC for patients with moderate to severe SAR. Fixed dosage regimen and extensive suppression of free-IgE render it a cutting-edge advantage.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a significant global health issue, with pollen allergens being a major cause of seasonal AR and asthma. In northern China, the prevalence of pollen-related allergies is notably higher than in the south due to higher pollen levels. Over the past few decades, climate change and urbanization have considerably transformed pollen profile in northern China. Summary: Northern China experiences two annual pollen peaks: a spring peak (March to May) dominated by tree pollens (e.g., Cupressaceae, Ulmaceae) and a summer/autumn peak (August to September) dominated by weed pollens, particularly from Artemisia, Humulus, and Chenopodiaceae. Climate change has accelerated the onset of flowering periods, increased pollen production, and extended pollen seasons, with extreme weather events and air pollution further exacerbating pollen production and sensitization. Urbanization has increased tree pollens, resulting in spring peak pollen levels gradually exceeding those of summer/autumn in most northern regions. As ecological construction concepts have advanced, the selection of plant species for the shelterbelt and ornamental trees in cities has evolved, leads to changes in the dominant pollens in the north and northeast. Artemisia has been extensively planted in the Northwest for windbreak and sand fixation purposes, resulting in a significant rise in Artemisia pollen levels and sensitization rate with a widespread influence across northern China. Key Messages: Pollen allergens in northern China are a major driver of AR and asthma, with two distinct seasonal peaks. Changes in pollen profiles are influenced by natural factors such as geographical location and climate change, as well as social factors, including urbanization, national policies, and urban planning. In northern China, Spring pollen is predominantly composed of tree pollens, significantly influenced by urban planning across different regions. In contrast, summer and autumn pollen is primarily dominated by weed and grass pollens, with weed pollens exhibiting strong allergenic potential and widespread dispersal. The Northwest region is a major potential source for these weed pollens. .

Allergic cross-reactivity among different fungal species appears to be widely existing. Fungus-related foods, such as edible mushrooms, mycoprotein, and fermented foods by fungi, can often induce to fungus food allergy syndrome (FFAS) by allergic cross-reactivity with airborne fungi. This article presents a case study of an individual with mold allergy who experienced anaphylaxis after consuming seafood mushrooms. This study indicated that Alt a 1 mediating cross-allergy between Alternaria alternata and Hypsizygus marmoreus, which has not been documented in the literature concerning the FFAS. Mushrooms tend to induce anaphylaxis in patients with mold-allergy and warrants clinicians' attention.

Peanut allergy is a chronic IgE-mediated disease with potentially life-threatening consequences. While several immunotherapeutic strategies have emerged, including oral immunotherapy (OIT), omalizumab (OMA)-based therapies, and probiotic and peanut oral immunotherapy (PPOIT), the comparative effectiveness of these interventions remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of combined and standalone oral immunotherapies for peanut allergy using a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to March 2025. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients with IgE-mediated peanut allergy who received OIT + OMA, OMA monotherapy, OIT alone, or PPOIT. Outcomes included low-dose and high-dose desensitization, sustained unresponsiveness (SU), and safety outcomes (adverse events, AEs). The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2. Analyses were performed using R software (version 4.4.3) with Bayesian NMA methods. Nineteen RCTs involving 2040 participants were included. Based on Probability Scores (P-scores), OIT + OMA demonstrated the highest efficacy for both low- (P-score: 97.20

The article offers an overview of the progress in managing Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) in China, with a specific focus on the Greater Bay Area (GBA). Through the '4As' framework-Awareness, Access, Advocacy and Alliance-the article explores the challenges and advancements in HAE care. In terms of collaborative initiatives such as the HAE-ASIA (Angioedema Screening In Asia) collaboration and the GBA HAE Alliance "Hub-and-Spoke model" aim to bridge the gap between East and West, providing optimal patient care and advancing HAE management. By bridging the gap between East and West, the GBA aims to deliver optimal patient care and advance HAE management. Moving forward, it will be essential to persist in nurturing national and international collaborations, not only within China but also extending beyond its borders. These partnerships encourage the exchange of knowledge, research, and best practices, all of which are critical in propelling forward the care of HAE. By uniting as a worldwide community, we can significantly advance efforts to improve the quality of life for those affected by HAE across the globe.

Eosinophil-induced adverse events (Eo-irAEs) have been observed in patients treated with programmed cell death 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors. Surprisingly, the clinical features and outcomes of Eo-irAEs induced by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have not yet been elucidated. This study investigated the characteristics of and risk factors for Eo-irAEs induced by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. We extracted data on Eo-irAEs related to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2015 to 2023. Disproportionality and Bayesian analyses were applied for data mining and analysis. A total of 430 Eo-irAEs induced by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were included in this study. Older male patients were found to be at a high risk of developing Eo-irAEs. Cemiplimab (ROR 2.66 [1.38, 5.13]), nivolumab (ROR 1.82 [1.61, 2.05]), and pembrolizumab (ROR 1.35 [1.13, 1.62]) showed stronger signals than the other drugs. Cemiplimab showed higher signals for Eo-irAEs than other PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, with an information component (IC) of 1.41 (IC 0.25:0.73). Patients experienced Eo-irAEs within the first 100 days, with a median onset time of 56 (interquartile range: 17.0-169.0) days. Eo-irAEs were more likely to occur in patients with lung (n = 147, 34.83%) and skin tumors (n = 145, 34.36%). Eosinophilia (n = 193, 44.88%), drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) (n = 98, 22.79%), and eosinophilic fasciitis (n = 69, 16.05%) were the most common adverse events. Eo-irAEs that were life-threatening or resulted in death comprised 5.15% (n = 21) and 5.39% (n = 22) of the patients. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors used across a broad spectrum of cancers are associated with an increased risk of Eo-irAEs, which tend to occur early. Although these complications are rare, clinicians using PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors should be aware of and monitor these potentially serious adverse events related to Eo-irAEs.