ABSTRACTSemprius has a novel micro‐cell based approach that addresses the cost, performance and reliability requirements of high concentration photovoltaic systems. A design that has a geometric concentration ratio of >1100 suns and three‐junction 0.36 mm2 micro‐transfer printed cells is now complete. A module efficiency of 33.9% at a direct normal irradiance of 850 W/m2 and cell temperature of 25°C has been independently validated for this design by the Instituto de Energia Solar at the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid. This is the highest measured module efficiency for any PV module, designed for commercial use. Several research, development and demonstration (RD&D) systems have been installed with these modules to collect early on‐sun data and validate the technology. This paper presents module characterization and on‐sun system results from a 3.5‐kWp RD&D system installed at Instituto de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos de Concentracion, Puertollano, Spain by Semprius and Siemens. In addition, results from cleaning experiments and thermal performance of the system are presented from another RD&D system in Tucson. Comparisons of the performance of the Tucson RD&D system with co‐located one‐axis Si and fixed‐tilt Si systems are also presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We focus on the determination of the internal luminescence quantum efficiency of a green-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED). By considering different geometrical configurations of OLED thin-film stacks, we elucidate the role of the internal luminescence quantum efficiency of the emitter in the thin-film microcavity. Combining optical simulations with experimental results, a comprehensive efficiency analysis is performed. Here the electroluminescence of a set of OLEDs is characterized. Additionally, the devices are characterized using time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. The experimental data are analyzed using optical simulations. This analysis leads to a quantification of internal luminescence quantum efficiency and allows conclusions about competing mechanisms resulting in nonradiative recombination of charge carriers.

Cette invention concerne une diode electroluminescente organique, et une cellule solaire ou un element de commutation organique comprenant au moins un derive de carbazole substitue de formule generale (I), (II) ou (III). Dans lesdites formules, X est NR 4 , O, S ou PR 4 ; Y est NR 5 , O, S ou PR 5 ; au moins un des symboles X et Y etant NR 4 ou NR 5 ; R 1 et R 3 sont chacun independamment un alkyle C 1 -C 20 substitue ou non, un aryle C 6 -C 30 substitue ou non, un heteroaryle substitue ou non, ayant de 5 a 30 atomes de cycle ou portant un substituant ayant une action donneur ou accepteur choisi dans le groupe constitue par un alcoxy C 1 -C 20 , aryloxy C 6 -C 30 , alkylthio C 1 -C 20 , arylthio C 6 -C 30 , SiR 6 R 7 R 8 , les radicaux halogene, les radicaux alkyle C 1 -C 20 halogenes, carbonyle (-CO(R 6 )), carbonylthio (-C=O(SR 6 )), carbonyloxy (-C=O(OR 6 )), oxycarbonyle (-OC=O(R 6 )), thiocarbonyle (-SC=O(R 6 )), amino (-NR 6 R 7 ), OH, les radicaux pseudo-halogenes, amido (-C=O (NR 6 )), -NR 6 C=O (R 7 ), phosphonate (-P(O) (OR 6 ) 2 ), phosphate (-OP(O) (OR 6 ) 2 ), phosphine (-PR 6 R 7 ), oxyde de phosphine (-P(0)R 6 2 ), sulfate (-OS(0) 2 OR 6 ), sulfoxyde (-S(O)R 6 ), sulfonate (-S(O) 2 OR 6 ), sulfonyle (-S(O) 2 R 6 ), sulfonamide (-S(O) 2 NR 6 R 7 ), NO 2 , les esters boroniques (-OB(OR 6 ) 2 ), imino (-C=NR 6 R 7 ), les radicaux borane, les radicaux stannane, les radicaux hydrazine, les radicaux hydrazone, les radicaux oxime, les groupes nitroso, les groupes diazo, les groupes vinyle, les sulfoximines, les alanes, les germanes, les boroximes et les borazines.