Grid-connected converters (GCC) commonly rely on proportional–integral (PI) controllers for DC-link voltage regulation. However, their performance can significantly degrade in the presence of parameter variations and external disturbances, resulting in overshoot, undershoot, and slow transient response. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a generalized proportional–integral observer (GPIO)-based control strategy for single-phase GCC. The proposed method improves disturbance estimation and rejection, thereby enhancing robustness against system uncertainties while ensuring fast and accurate DC-link voltage regulation. The main contribution of this work lies in the development of a GPIO-based controller that combines improved dynamic performance with strong disturbance rejection capability, without increasing control complexity. The proposed approach is validated through both simulation and experimental results, which demonstrate its effectiveness and superiority over conventional PI-based control in terms of transient response, stability, and robustness.

Due to their advantages in ensuring low harmonic distortion and high power factors, single-phase Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) rectifiers are widely employed in several industrial applications. Generally, the conventional control loop of a single-phase PWM rectifier uses both voltage and current sensors. Hence, in case of sensor fault, the performance and the availability of the converter can be seriously compromised. Therefore, diagnosis approaches and fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategies are mandatory to monitor these systems. Accordingly, this paper introduces a novel multiple-sensor FTC scheme for a single-phase PWM rectifier. The proposed fault diagnosis approach relies on joining several Generalized Proportional Integral (GPI) and Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) observers with a residual generation technique to detect and isolate sensor faults in a simple and reliable manner. While conventional sensor FTC methods dedicated to PWM rectifiers can only deal with single faults, the suggested approach guarantees a very good effectiveness level of sensor fault detection, isolation (FDI) and FTC of multiple-sensor fault occurrence scenarios. Consequently, the single-phase PWM rectifier can work with only the survivable single sensor with the guarantee of very good performance as in healthy operation mode. The effectiveness of the proposed sensor FDI approach and its control reconfiguration performance are demonstrated through both extensive simulation and experimental results.

Three-phase inverters for standalone distributed generation systems (DG) control techniques has high importance in applications where a high quality power is required. Indeed, the reliability, efficiency while offering low cost and size of such systems is the bottle-neck issue and is becoming a heated research topic. This paper adresses a sensorless dead-beat control scheme of three-phase converter for a distributed generation system in a standalone operation mode. The proposed control strategy consists of two control loops. The outer one, which is used for the control of the output voltage, is based on a PI controller and the inner loop that is used for the control of the output current is based on a Deadbeat Predictive (DB) controller. Moreover, unlike other control methods, the proposed control scheme requires only current sensor. To validate the performances of the proposed control approach (i.e., fast transient response, zero steady-state error, and low THD), simulation tests under various types of loads such as balanced load, and nonlinear load in MATLAB/Simulink are presented.

For grid-connected converters, standards require low grid current harmonic distortion, controlled injected grid power and high efficiency. Such targets can be obtained via the design of an appropriate control strategy. This paper proposes a super twisting sliding mode control (ST-SMC) for the three-phase grid-connected converter. On the contrary to using the proportional integral (PI) controller for the de-link voltage regulation, which presents poor regulation performances under parameters variations and external disturbances, the proposed (ST-SMC) de-link voltage control approach presents good disturbance rejection capability and dynamic performance. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control technique, extensive simulation tests are carried out using the software MATLAB/Simulink.

Electroplating is one of the most important processes in the manufacturing of switches. Coating the conductive parts of switches improves their appearance and increases their durability, even in severe environments. This study proposes a non-destructive testing method to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize coatings added to the conductive parts of low voltage switches (contacts and terminals). The method is based on the injection of a high-frequency signal into a switch using the vector network analyzer (VNA). An in-depth analysis of the reflected signal is conducted to characterize the coatings. For the quantitative characterization, a comparison is made between switches that are plated with different coating thicknesses. As for the qualitative characterization, a comparison is made between switches that are manufactured with different types of metals. The results show that each switch type has an electromagnetic signature that varies according to the conductivity and the thickness of the metals used for coating.

Microgrid systems have received much attention as they can make a way for more efficient power flows in the modern power systems. This paper presents a hybrid AC/DC microgrid to reduce the processes of multiple conversions in an individual AC or DC microgrid. In this paper, a new method of the supervisory controller is proposed to autonomously control and monitor for an islanded microgrid and to maintaining more stable energy flows with maximum utilization of renewable resources. The supervisory controller enables the microgrid system to operate in different modes of operation by the coordination control algorithms in the different components for smooth transfer of power between AC and DC networks. With the energy management option of the supervisory controller, this supervisor also provides an efficient load scheduling method to meet varying power supply needs and manage the sources and allow the microgrid to make a good operation and decisions. Therefore, in this paper, an islanded AC/DC microgrid has been modeled and simulated to identify the relevant technical issues involved in the operation of a microgrid system based on renewable power generation units using MATLAB/Simulink, and a new method of an energy management system is proposed for monitoring the islanded microgrid.

Ensuring reliability and availability while reducing cost are the main desirable characteristics of single-phase grid connected converters. With a view to guarantee the aforementioned characteristics, this work presents a grid current sensor fault tolerant control (FTC) of an AC voltage sensorless controlled single-phase grid connected converter. Contrary to classical sensor FTC methods based on residual generation, the proposed approach aims to reconstruct the current sensor fault. Hence, a bank of proportional-Integral (PI) observers is proposed to first, insure accurate estimation of the grid voltage and second to achieve a robust grid current sensor fault estimation. Finally, the current sensor fault tolerant control process consists on fault compensation in the converter's control loop as well as in the grid voltage estimation stages. The effectiveness of the proposed FTC algorithm is demonstrated through simulation under Matlab/Simulation Software and experimental results.

Ruggedness, reliability while ensuring the highest possible efficiency, the lowest cost and keeping a superior performance are the main desirable characteristics of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. This has led to the development of several grid-connected PV systems topologies whose purposes are: (i) ensuring PV maximum power extraction (ii) DC-Link voltage regulation to guarantee balanced power exchange (iii) injection of grid current while maintaining prescribed Total Harmonic Distortion and power factor. Such topologies usually require the use of many voltage and current sensors in addition to a complex control strategy. With a view to reduce the system cost and control complexity, this paper proposes a sensorless Model Predictive Control based control strategy of a single-stage single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system. Unlike other control methods, the proposed control scheme requires less number of sensor (two): only one current sensor and one voltage sensor to that required (five) in other control strategies. Detailed analysis and development of the sensorless multiloop control scheme are presented. The performance of the proposed technique is confirmed by means of simulation results under different environmental conditions in MATLAB/Simulink.

During the flight, the aircraft structure undergoes many vibrations due to aerodynamics and external factors such as atmospheric turbulence. These vibrations don't allow the assembly of the different parts of an aircraft by welding because the bond between two welded parts is very fragile and it can break especially at high frequency vibrations. In aeronautics, the assembly is made using the rivets system that makes the bond between the aircraft parts more flexible and provides the necessary resistance to high frequency vibrations exerted on the aeronautics structure in mid-flight. For example, an aircraft wing has thousands of rivets of different types (flat, Button, countersunk flat, full or hollow...) and different sizes (the diameter varies between 2mm and 5mm). The verification of the bad fixing and the bad distribution of the glue on the rivets isn't an easy task, especially that the addition of the glue is very necessary to increase the resistance of the rivets to the vibrations. The repair of these assembly defects using rivets is very expensive. In this paper, we propose a non-destructive testing method to detect the existence of the glue on the rivet and to check the diameter and the position of the holes where the rivets are fixed.

In this chapter, we present an industrial nondestructive technique to can identify and localize geometrical microscopic defects in a silver microstrip line. We worked on two types of defects: the narrow transverse slits and the overflows. It is true that there are several techniques to detect defects on the microstrip line, but these techniques can be destructive and do not allow us to localize and characterize the defect like the measure of the impedance or to identify the defect when the type of defect is unknown like the reflectometry. The proposed technique is based on the measure of the scatting parameters, the calculation of the characteristic impedance of each model of the microstrip line (undamaged and defective), and the comparison between the different results obtained from the practical and the theoretical tests.

Thid paper deals with the improvement of the quality of the grid current which is affected by nonlinear load supplied by single-phase photovoltaic system connected to the grid. Thus, different perturbations are introduced by nonlinear load such as harmonic distortion and power factor deterioration, which lead to the degradation of the quality of the current of the PV system. To eliminate these disturbances, this work consists on the use of the inverter connected to the grid as a shunt active power filter. Therefore, based on an effective control method of the PV inverter which uses an original algorithm useful to determine the disturbing current, the quality of the grid current is strongly improved by cancelling the different disturbances injected by the nonlinear load. The effectiveness of the suggested algorithm to improve the quality of the current is verified by simulation and validated experimentally through an experimental platform.

In this paper, a new structure of a non-isolated Single-Input Dual-Output (SIDO) DC-DC converter suitable to medium voltage applications is proposed. This structure is based on a Buck-Boost converter stage associated with Two Output Stages (BBTOS) composed, in addition, by a power switch and a power diode. The new structure of the SIDO Buck-Boost converter is providing two outputs and presents several appealing advantages, in particular a reduced number of power devices and the ability to step-up and step-down the output voltage. In this work the principle of the operating mode and the control strategy of the proposed structure are described (Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) controller). A thorough ac small signal study of the SIDO Buck-Boost converter is also introduced. In addition, the simulation results under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment with different load conditions and voltage input are presented. The benefits and limits of the suggested SIDO Buck-Boost converter are also discussed.

Nowadays, industry tends to adopt the smart factory concept in their production. Technology intelligence is applied to use all the resources efficiently. Robots and vision system are masters in this kind of industry. However, information transfer between the robot controller and the vision system poses a great challenge. Data exchange between these two systems shall be secure, and the transfer must be with a very high level of accuracy. In this article, a multi-platform software application using a vision system is performed to control a Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm robot. The software solution includes the detection of defaults in a product by calculating a compliance rate using an efficient algorithm. An analysis of four different algorithms related to histogram-based similarity functions is set. Then, the most efficient algorithm is integrated into the application that provides a secure communication between three different operating systems. Experiments in a multi-agent manufacturing center validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Tests demonstrate the efficiency of the data transfer between the vision system and the multi-platform software application and the Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm robot. This data transfer can be controlled in a high accuracy manner without any additional manual parameters tuning.

To meet standards regarding grid-tied systems, LCL filters are used instead of L filters because they allow lower inductances while reducing cost and size. However, LCL filters present resonance that cause instability issues. In view of this, two damping methods were proposed in the literature: Passive and Active Damping. Active damping techniques are preferred to avoid additional losses with passive techniques and thereby increasing the inverter efficiency but need the use of an additional sensor to measure the capacitor filter current.This paper addresses a MRAS (Model Reference Adaptive System) based capacitor filter estimator with an active damping current control of a single phase grid connected inverter.In order to guarantee the robustness of the designed MRAS estimator, the inverter control operation is tested under a wide range of grid impedance variation.

Recently, the power quality issue becomes quite a serious problem when an electrical conversion energy system is connected to the grid. Thus, multilevel inverters are intensively employed due to their role in reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) with a small output filter size. This work is focused on a comparative analysis between the most common five-level (5L) inverters: the Neutral Point Clamp (NPC), the Flying Capacitors (FC) and the Cascade H-Bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter. The comparison criteria are based on the conduction and the switching losses as well as the current rating and the voltage stress in all switching devices. The obtained comparison results are performed through a simulation study under Matlab/Simulink environment where each structure of the considered 5L inverters is connected to the same grid.

In this paper, we presented the influence of the change of the thickness of the metallic layers added on some devices like the connectors, the transmission lines and the conductors.So, for that, we have studied the skin effect of a multilayer conductor. Then, we have measured the Scattering parameters of a circular waveguide. Finally, we have compared the different results to show that the change of the coating thickness has several effects on the transmission in our devices.

The technology of the embedded data acquisition and the data management has received a great attention in the last years with the high expansion of embedded technology. Accordingly, energy efficiency measures are needed to large level implementation of smart devices on Microgrids. This is reinforced by many smart metering applications that collect, treat data sets and extract precious information to their owners. In this context, this paper presents a new kind of data acquisition system based on embedded Linux in smart meter. Indeed, the proposed solution apprehends the electrical measurement with a low cost board under embedded Linux.

This article deals with field-oriented control of induction machine squirrel cage. A robust fractional-order controller is applied and investigated to control the induction machine currents isd and isq. The fractional-order gives better fit in regulation operation. For this purpose, this controller form is recommended, especially in industrial systems, thanks to his flexibility, robustness and efficiency to solve complex problems such as electrical parameters changes (i.e. uncertain parameter) caused by the temperature effect. Based on frequency specification and several constraints, the fractional-order controller is designed. The fmincon toolbox optimization is used to adjust ki, kp and α values. In order to show the reliability of the developed controller in the induction machine behavior, several simulation results are carried out and illustrated.