Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy and effectiveness of ChatGPT and Gemini in responding to frequently asked orthodontic questions. Methods: Ten experienced orthodontists assessed the responses of ChatGPT and Gemini to a standardized set of patient questions using a five-point modified Likert scale. Data were statistically analyzed using non-parametric tests due to nonnormal distribution. Results: Both chatbots generally provided satisfactory responses, with ChatGPT achieving a slightly higher average accuracy score (1.53 ± 0.47) compared to Gemini (1.59 ± 0.52), though the difference was not statistically significant. ChatGPT’s most accurate answer was to the question about the advantages of braces vs. Invisalign, while Gemini performed best on dietary recommendations for patients with braces. Conclusion: ChatGPT and Gemini demonstrated similar performance in addressing patient queries in orthodontics, suggesting that both can serve as supplementary virtual assistants in clinical settings. While their responses are mostly accurate, clinicians should remain aware of the limitations and potential for misinformation. Continued refinement and integration of feedback mechanisms are essential to enhance their utility in orthodontic care.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare maxillary alveolar bone dimensions around the four maxillary incisors in Class II Division 1 patients with vertical, horizontal, and average growth patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective CBCT-based study included 45 Class II Division 1 patients divided into three growth pattern groups based on angle Average (SN-MP 29˚-35˚), Vertical (>35˚), and Horizontal (<29˚). vertical, horizontal, and average. Alveolar crest height and thickness, alveolar plate thickness at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of root length, alveolar plate area, tooth inclination, and the distance from the root apex to the palatal plane were measured on both buccal and palatal surfaces. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compare the groups. Results: Most alveolar bone parameters did not differ significantly across growth patterns. Significant differences were observed in tooth 22 buccal alveolar crest height and tooth 11 buccal crest thickness. Tooth 11 also showed significant differences in alveolar plate thickness at 75% and 100% of root length, with horizontal growers showing greater thickness than vertical growers. No significant intergroup differences were found in tooth inclination or apex-palatal plane distance. Conclusions: Growth pattern had a limited effect on most maxillary alveolar bone dimensions in Class II Division 1 patients. Localized differences were observed mainly around tooth 11 and tooth 22, suggesting that CBCT-based individual assessment remains important in orthodontic treatment planning

: To evaluate force decay of elastics of different dimensions and different force values over 48-hours.Steps included extension and immersion of elastics in artificial saliva and measurement of force levels at a specified point of time. A model with vertical pins placed at in the oral cavity. The initial force measurement was done using Universal testing machine before the elastics were engaged onto the pins 37⁰C in artificial saliva. The reading was taken after this in the Universal testing machine for the samples. The elastics were then placed back into the static simulation for the next 23 hours and again into the dynamic simulation for the next 1 hour. Statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between force depreciation between rest and maximum stretch of the elastic. Statistically significant difference was observed in force depreciation with varying time intervals of a particular elastic sample. Lumen size and pre-determined force values affect the overall force decrease pattern of elastics. Elastics with higher force and smaller lumen size show comparatively higher loss of force than the lighter elastics with larger internal diameter. The maximum force loss of a particular elastic happens within the first 24 hours of elastic stretch. The study would help provide information about how an elastic's lumen size and initial force are interdependent, giving clinicians a better understanding of how to prescribe the right elastics for the force they need to apply for treatment.

Objective To assess the allele rs 1143634 in IL-1β and rs1800587 in IL-1α in patients for orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (EARR). Material and methods Intra-oral periapical radiograph (IOPA) of maxillary incisors of 142 Patients were evaluated for resorption at two time points; before the start of fixed mechanotherapy (T1) and after one year of treatment (T2). The individuals with root resorption<2mm were categorized as a control group (group 1; n=90), and resorption>2mm were categorized as case group (group 2; n=52). Buccal swabs of all patients were taken and DNA could be isolated in 95 out of 142 samples (group 1 {n=58}, group 2 {n=37}), which were then screened for the selected two polymorphic targets to determine the nucleotide status of these targets. Tetra-primer ARMS PCR reactions were carried out using all 4 primers for each polymorphism. Results rs11800587 was not associated with risk of EARR in any inheritance model. Chi-square test for association of alleles with EARR revealed that rs1143634 was associated with the risk of EARR in an allelic model in such a way that A allele of this SNP increased the risk of EARR 4 folds [OR=4.375; P=0.016]. However, the adjusted level of significance using the Holm-Bonferroni method for rs1143634 was P<0.010 for A and G comparison rendering the results non-significant. Conclusion SNP rs1143634 and SNP rs11800587 were not associated with risk of EARR in any inheritance model.

Extractions are commonly used to alleviate moderate to severe crowding, retract protrusive incisors, or correct anteroposterior inconsistencies in the maxillomandibular area. The choice of which teeth to be extracted requires a thorough assessment of the dentition of the patient, taking into account treatment objectives, dental and periodontal properties as well as ease of mechanics with minimum iatrogenic effects. This case report discusses the successful treatment with myofunctional appliance of a growing patient with skeletal Class II malocclusion followed by fixed mechanotherapy involving atypical teeth extraction.

OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to investigate the correlation of gonial angle and three linear measurements on OPG and lateral cephalograms and their effects on the different facial patterns using the OneCeph android app.METHOD:About 90 pre-treatment digital lateral cephalograms and OPGs of 90 patients were selected and divided into 3 categories, based on their growth patterns. The OPGs and lateral cephalograms were uploaded on the OneCeph android app. After calibrating using One linear measurement i.e. length of extracted premolar for OPG and ruler in radiograph for lateral cephalogram, Gonial angle (Ar- Go-Me), ANS-Me (LAFH), U1-NF, L1-MP were measured. The data were collected, tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software (version 20.0). The level of significance was kept at 5%.RESULTS:Values for parameters were highest in the vertical growth pattern followed by average and horizontal in both cephalogram and OPG. Upon comparison of lateral cephalogram and OPG, no significant difference was observed in gonial angle and a significant difference in LAFH and L1-MP in all three growth patterns with OPG scores greater than cephalometric tracing. The interclass coefficient test indicated almost perfect agreement for the gonial angle between the two methods. A substantial agreement was seen for U1-NF on lateral cephalogram and OPG in the vertical group. Also, a fair agreement in the vertical and horizontal group was observed in Lower anterior mandibular height.CONCLUSION:Vertical parameters such as gonial angle and maxillary anterior dental height can be accurately determined on an OPG by the OneCeph application.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of non-aerosol producing restorative self-etching primers (SEPs) as a substitute for conventional orthodontic bonding primers and to analyze the extent of residual composite on the tooth post-debonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four extracted human premolars were randomly divided into seven groups based on the adhesive and the bonding protocol used. The study comprised Prime and Bond one select (Dentsply), G-Premio Bond (GC), which were each divided into three subgroups based on the method used for moisture control and the control group (Transbond XT conventional total etch). The three methods for moisture control in study groups were: without drying, air-drying with the use of a three-way syringe, and with the use of blotting paper. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested using a universal testing machine (UTM), and after debonding, the enamel surface of each tooth was examined under 10× magnification to evaluate adhesive remaining index (ARI) scores. RESULTS: Groups 2A (Prime and Bond; without drying) & 1 (Transbond XT) had the lowest and highest SBS values, respectively (P = 0.001). Comparison of ARI between the control group and group 2b (Prime and Bond; air-drying with 3 in 1) showed a significant difference (P = 0.041). Comparison of ARI between control group and group 2c (Prime and Bond; blotting paper) showed a significant difference (P = 0.017). Rest all other comparisons were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: Transbond XT had SBS values higher than the self-etch groups. Among the self-etch groups, G-Premio Bond had higher SBS values when the traditional methods of air-drying were followed. Use of blotting paper for drying that produced variable SBS values can be an effective alternative method. G-Premio Bond with its adequate bond strength under manufacturer's instruction seems promising in this regard.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Ozonated Olive Oil Gel, Chlorhexidine gel, and Amflor (Fluoridated) mouthwash on reducing the count of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy evaluated at different time intervals. Methods: Sixty patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20) based on antimicrobial agents used (Group 1: Ozonated olive oil gel; Group 2: Chlorhexidine gel; Group 3: Fluoridated mouthwash). Elastomeric modules from brackets were collected at T0 (Fresh samples) and T1 (2nd week) and T2 (4th week) for assessment of the microbial growth. These collected modules were cultured and evaluated for the presence of Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacilli and numbers of colonies were counted at each interval. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software (Version 20.0). Level of significance was kept at 5%. Intra-group and inter-group comparison between pretreatment, 2nd week and 4th week was done for each group using Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: There was presence of Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacilli during orthodontic treatment which progressively increased from To to T1 and then declined from T1 to T2. The colony counts were maximum for Fluoridated mouthwash and least for Chlorhexidine and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: All three antimicrobial agents used were effective against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Chlorhexidine proved to be more efficacious whereas Fluoridated mouthwash proved to be least effective against both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus bacteria.

Failure of eruption of maxillary incisors requires careful diagnosis and treatment planning. The cause of impaction may vary from physical obstruction in the path of eruption, tooth material arch length discrepancy to malformation of the tooth. General principles of management of the condition include removal of physical obstruction, creation of space, and surgical exposure with or without traction. The treatment of an unerupted tooth depends upon its age, position, etiology, and amount of space in the dental arch. This case series elaborates on three different cases of incisor impaction with different etiologies and varying ranges of complexity. Three-dimensional radiography was utilized in all cases to accurately visualize the impacted tooth and its relation to adjacent structures. All the cases required different approaches and were completed in varying time durations. Meticulous treatment planning resulted in well-aligned satisfactory functional and esthetic results. How to cite this article: Jain S, Raza M, Sharma P, et al. Unraveling Impacted Maxillary Incisors: The Why, When, and How. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):149-157.

Our aim was to quantitatively assess the relationship of smile esthetics variables with various types of anterior overjet (OJ) malocclusion, and identify the cephalometric factors affecting smile measurements in different types of anterior overjet malocclusion. 90 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics were selected for this retrospective study based upon the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into the following groups according to their OJ: Group 1 (0-4mm), Group 2 (>4mm), Group 3 (<0mm).The upper lip height, and inter-labial gap differed significantly among the groups, whereas arc ratio, tooth number, upper midline, buccal corridor, smile index, arch form index and lower tooth exposure did not significantly among the groups. Some smile variables (upper lip height, inter-labial gap) differed significantly among different types of anterior overjet malocclusion. This study confirmed that the smile pattern varies between different types of malocclusion.

OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of Mobile Application-Based Software for chair side cephalometric analysis. MATERIALS AND METHOD:Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) were selected randomly and were traced manually and also using Application-based software (One Ceph).20 angular and three linear parameters were measured both manually and with the software in all the patients.Inter and intra-operator reliability of one ceph was evaluated and the measured parameters were statistically compared with the manual method (Gold Standard). RESULT:The accuracy of angular and linear values was compared for all 23 parameters and our results showed no significant difference in the two methods used for most of the measurements.Three of the measurements [Angle of convexity (N-A; A-Pog); ANB angle; Upper Incisor to NA (Angular)] did show a statistically significant difference though these were clinically irrelevant. CONCLUSION:Application-based cephalometric analysis can be an effective clinical diagnostic tool for chair-side cephalometric evaluation of orthodontic patient.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this split-mouth single-centered, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the efficiency of corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics in rapid canine retraction.METHODS: The sample consisted of 10 patients (15–25 years old) requiring extraction of the maxillary first premolars with subsequent canine retraction. The patients' right sides were randomly assigned to either the corticotomy (experimental) or control groups. Corticotomy cuts and perforations were performed and canine retraction was initiated bilaterally with closed-coil nickel-titanium springs that applied 150 g of force. The following variables were examined till the end of canine retraction on both sides: Rate of canine retraction, canine root resorption, and patient perception of the procedure. The rate of canine retraction was assessed every month using study models while root resorption was evaluated using CBCT. Patient's perception was evaluated using a 100 mm VAS.RESULT: Mean time taken for full completion of canine retraction: 5.7 months (test) and 7.1 months (control). Mean root resorption: 0.53 ± 0.10 (control) and 0.24 mm ± 0.10 (test). Mean VAS scores: 16 ± 3.94 (24 hours) and 2 ± 2.58 (1 week) at control side and 46.50 ± 6.69 (24 hours) and 2 ± 2.58 (1 week) at test.CONCLUSION: There was an overall reduction in the time taken for canine retraction with corticotomy; however, an increase in the rate of canine retraction in the corticotomy-facilitated method was evident only for the first four months, compared to the conventional method. Less root resorption was observed in corticotomy-facilitated method than conventional method. Pain perception was more for corticotomy-facilitated method than conventional method at 24 hours, but similar after one week.

Background and Objective: The Coronavirus 2 syndrome (SARS CoV 2) or COVID-19 pandemic's rapid and widespread reach has become a major cause of concern to the dental health-care profession. The goal of this study was to assess the knowledge among dental students and professionals about COVID-19 disease and related infection management practices in the region of Delhi-National Capital Region, India. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire was created, and it was divided into six sections to assess the awareness with respect to the facts, diagnostic aspects of the disease, and its importance in dental treatment. Convenient sampling method was used for data collection. Comparison was done among the following four groups: Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students, Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) students, academicians (teaching in a dental college), and academicians + practitioners (teaching/not teaching but working in a private dental clinic) over a total of 500 responses for a period of 10 days. The data were coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 version. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages were used to summarize the data. ANOVA test was used to determine the association of study disciplines among BDS, MDS, practitioners, and academicians and practitioners. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The average correct responses among various sections among all groups came out to be 60.64%, with the highest score being 64.91% among academicians + practitioners and the lowest score being 57.45% among BDS students. Among the sections, 72.4% was highest (section 1: what is coronavirus) and 41.2% was lowest (section 5: diagnosis/tests). Comparison of the overall sections among various groups showed a nonsignificant result although some individual questions showed a statistically significant result. Conclusion: Dental health professionals need regular educational activities and training programs on infection prevention practices with respect to COVID-19 infection to serve not just their own practice but also to help the health-care sector in case the demand arises.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the survival rate of orthodontic brackets using two different bonding techniques. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria after obtaining informed consent. Result: Twenty patients were selected with the mean age group of 17.5 ±5 years. A total of 360 brackets were bonded (180 brackets in each bonding technique) and were evaluated for survival rate for six months. The direct bonded bracket failure was only 6 out of 180 sample size and for the indirect bonded group was 8 out of 180. The total breakages were 14 including both the groups. The direct bonding group had 95.6% of survival rate which was lower when compared to 96.7% that of direct bonding group. The two bonding groups did not significantly differ in the survival rate. In the posterior region, most of the breakages were observed (12 nos.). ARI score 1 and 2 was found to be more prevalent in the direct bonding technique whereas in the indirect bonding brackets ARI score was found to be equally distributed amongst the group. However there was no significant difference in the ARI scores between the two bonding groups. Conclusion: The overall bond failure rate was minimal, irrespective of the type of technique used to bond the brackets. Bond failure occurred at the bracket-adhesive interface. There was no statistical difference in the ARI scores between the two groups.

OBJECTIVE: To compare demineralization around orthodontic brackets cured by conventional method and transillumination method. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Sixty freshly extracted human premolar teeth were divided into four groups. Group 1: Brackets bonded with conventional method of bonding by curing labially for 40 sec. Group 2: Brackets bonded with transillumination method of bonding for 50 sec. Group 3: Brackets bonded with conventional method of bonding by curing labially for 20 sec followed by 30 sec of transillumination. Group 4: Brackets bonded with transillumination method of bonding for 30 sec followed by labial curing for 20 sec. Ground sections were prepared of each tooth and microleakage was evaluated using a binocular microscope at 40× magnification (Olympus BX53) and an image was taken using a digital camera (Olympus EPL3) connected to the microscope. The images were analyzed using Magnus Pro Image software. Scores were assigned to different degrees of microleakage at the demineralization zone around enamel-adhesive-bracket complex at the occlusal, middle, and gingival margins using linear measurement tool. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software (Version 20.0). Level of significance was kept at 5%. Intragroup comparison was done using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U-tests for pairwise comparison. RESULTS: Group 4 showed least mean demineralization in occlusal, middle, and cervical areas as compared to other groups and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Transillumination can be employed as a method synergistically with conventional curing to achieve minimum amount of demineralization during fixed orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the antimicrobial property of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) when polymerized with cold cure acrylic and to assess the duration of its release from modified acrylic. MATERIALS AND METHODS:CPC was added in different concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) to cold cure acrylic resin and 180 acrylic discs were prepared. These were divided into four groups of 45 each depending on the concentration of CPC. The antimicrobial property of the modified acrylic for Streptococcus mutans was tested using disc diffusion assay in agar. The duration of release of CPC from self-cure acrylic was tested with optical density reading of solutions by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The effect of addition of CPC on diametral tensile strength (DTS) of acrylic was tested using UTM (Instron) and the effect of water aging on modified acrylic was compared with unaged specimens. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The normality of the data was checked by Shapiro-Wilktest, and as the data failed to show normal distribution, inferential statistics were performed using nonparametric tests of significance. Antimicrobial activity of modified acrylic increased with increase in CPC concentration. Greatest CPC release was observed on the seventh day with a decrease in release from 7 to 180 days. There was a decrease in the diametral strength of the modified resin and water aging had a significant effect on the DTS of the modified resin.