Amid global warming and urbanization,building energy systems face the dual challenge of balancing growth in energy demand with environmental sustainability and resistance to future climate change.This study proposes a predictive framework that integrates the effects of future climate change and urban microclimate into energy consumption prediction and energy system optimization for typical office buildings in Hangzhou,China.First,optimal general circulation models(GCMs)from CMIP6 are selected through a performance evaluation,and statistical downscaling is employed to generate future typical meteorological year(TMY)data.Next,the urban weather generator(UWG)is used to simulate urban heat island(UHI)effects.Empirical formulas are applied to calculate urban wind speeds,while DesignBuilder is used to model solar radiation and hourly energy consumption.These data are then used to optimize the building energy system.The results reveal that future climate change significantly increases cooling demand(28.9%-103.0%)and reduces heating demand(19.7%-52.6%),with urban microclimates further amplifying these trends.The energy system optimization demonstrates that the net present value(NPV)of future climate and urban microclimate scenarios is 5.1%-16.7%higher than that of historical climate scenarios.Additionally,future climate scenarios result in higher peak energy demand and thus necessitate larger system capacities to ensure reliability.While the initial required investment is higher,buildings optimized to account for global warming are more reliable and carry lower operational costs.We comprehensively quantify the effect of future urban microclimate on building energy systems,emphasizing its critical role in energy system planning and providing insights for addressing the challenges of climate change and urbanization.

Permeable pavements are widely adopted in urban areas for their hydrological benefits and ability to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect through evaporative cooling. However, dynamic shading by buildings significantly alters the surface energy balance, and their cooling efficacy remains insufficiently validated. This study presents a comparative analysis of ceramic permeable bricks (PB) and impervious concrete (IC) under dry and wet conditions across seasons, based on controlled experiments in street canyons and open areas. Results indicate that in a street canyon with an aspect ratio (H/W) of 1 and a northeast-southwest orientation, the nearsurface radiation reception efficiency (the ratio of near-surface to background daily global radiation) decreased by 31%, reducing PB's sensible heat fraction from 41% to 23%. Although PB shows a higher midday surface sensible heat flux by 17 W/m2, the daily integrated flux is reduced by 0.08 kWh/m2. During the day, the PB in the canyon is 2.1 degrees C warmer than IC at noon, but cools at night, being 2.0 degrees C lower at midnight due to its lower albedo and thermal diffusivity. Moreover, the semi-enclosed geometry of the street canyon helps extend the vertical reach of the cooling and humidifying effects to over 0.5 m, whereas in open areas this effect is below 0.3 m. PB can also improve human thermal comfort by reducing the duration of extreme heat stress by 11.1%.These findings demonstrate the impact of permeable pavements on urban thermal environments, providing evidence for thermal optimization and reference data for simulations, informing climate-adaptive urban planning.

The rapid promotion and application of recycled concrete is an important way to achieve high-value utilization of construction solid waste. In underground structural engineering, the impermeability of recycled concrete under loading conditions is of critical importance, as it directly influences the durability, safety, and service life of the structure. This study focuses on the effects of different functional materials on the chloride ion penetration resistance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) under different uniaxial compressive loading, including glazed hollow beads, fly ash, and short discrete fibers. The results indicate that as the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in concrete increases, the adverse impact on the chloride ion penetration resistance of concrete becomes increasingly evident under loading. The reasonable addition of functional materials can reduce the adverse effects caused by RCA. The influence of functional materials on the chloride ion penetration resistance of RAC varies under different loading conditions, and the combined application of functional materials demonstrate the most significant enhancement. The impact of loading on chloride ion penetration resistance of RAC demonstrates a distinct threshold behavior. As the replacement rate of RCA increases, the critical threshold decreases progressively, promoting the formation and interconnection of transmission pathway of aggressive media in RAC. Conversely, the combined application of functional materials can significantly raise the critical threshold for chloride ion penetration resistance of RAC under loading, thereby offsetting the adverse effects caused by RCA. Specifically, the optimal composite mix (BA-BFPF) reduced the 28-day electric flux by 40.7% at a 50% RCA replacement rate and effectively elevated the damage threshold stress to 0.5 fc. This cross-scale synergy successfully offsets the adverse effects of RCA, providing a higher durability safety margin for underground structural engineering.

Microbial mineralization promotes the self-healing of concrete cracks, extending structural service life. However, harsh conditions within concrete hinder the long-term viability and self-healing potential of microorganisms. While Bacillus strains are commonly used to deposit calcium carbonate on crack surfaces, their aerobic nature presents challenges in complex environments. This study assesses the long-term survival and mineralization performance of four composite microbial systems designed according to mineralization-pathway complementarity, alkaline tolerance, oxygen-gradient adaptability, and long-term viability in cementitious environments. At pH 9 after 180 days, survival rates of composite systems increased by 2.75% to 33.15% compared with single bacteria, with mineral precipitation rising by 2.44% to 3.24%. The Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa combination exhibited superior crack self-healing, achieving a maximum healing width of 1.07 mm at 270 days, with over 80% healing for cracks up to 0.7 mm. These results underscore the potential of composite microbial systems for engineering applications.

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) provides a sustainable approach for the autonomous repair of microcracks in concrete. However, its practical application is limited by the poor long-term survival of microorganisms in the highly alkaline environment of cement matrices. This study used expanded perlite as an immobilization carrier to systematically investigate the effects of pH, temperature, and aging on microbial spore survival. Under non-immobilized conditions, acclimatized spores showed optimal long-term activity at pH = 10 and 0°C. After 180 days, the spore survival rate reached 12.31%, and urease activity achieved 0.74 mmol/(L·min)-approximately twice and nine times higher, respectively, than those recorded at 30°C over the same period. Although environmental factors reduced microbial mineralization capacity under immobilized conditions, mineral precipitation stabilized at around 5.60 g, representing a 28-fold increase compared to non-immobilized results over the same duration. These findings confirm that the carrier effectively alleviates the adverse effects of high alkalinity and temperature variations. The expanded perlite-based immobilization strategy significantly extended microbial service life, improved remediation efficiency, enhanced engineering feasibility, and reduced long-term maintenance costs. This research offers critical technical support for the development of durable and high-efficiency self-healing concrete systems.IMPORTANCEMicrobially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has gained significant attention as a promising technology in architecture and civil engineering. However, the understanding of microbial long-term activity and mineralization capacity within cement-based materials remains limited. This study investigated the influence of environmental factors on microbial spore survival in such materials by monitoring key indicators, including microbial concentration, urease activity, and mineral precipitation. Furthermore, it identified specific environmental conditions that support prolonged microbial viability. The use of expanded perlite as a carrier material aimed to mitigate external environmental stresses on microorganisms, thereby extending their mineralization capability over extended periods. These findings provide a scientific basis for the rational design of microbially mediated self-healing concrete systems.

Exosomes, often discussed within the broader field of extracellular vesicles (EVs), are increasingly recognized as mediators of intercellular communication and as potential platforms for liquid biopsy and cell-free therapy in pulmonary medicine. This narrative review summarizes recent preclinical, translational, and early clinical evidence regarding exosome-based biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in selected high-burden pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), and lung cancer. We discuss disease-specific exosomal cargo signatures, methodological considerations for pulmonary samples, multiomics-based biomarker discovery, engineered exosome delivery platforms, and current clinical and regulatory barriers. Exosomal miRNAs, proteins, and surface markers show promise for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis, but most candidate biomarkers still require validation in large, multicenter, disease-specific cohorts. Similarly, mesenchymal stromal cell-derived, epithelial cell-derived, and engineered exosomes have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, regenerative, or antitumor effects in preclinical models, whereas robust clinical efficacy data remain limited. Standardized isolation, characterization, potency assays, biodistribution assessment, good manufacturing practice-compliant production, and product-specific regulatory pathways will be essential for future clinical translation.

The mechanical strength and impermeability of concrete are critical to its structural reliability and long-term durability. However, conventional concrete lacks autonomous crack-healing capacity, which can lead to progressive degradation under sustained mechanical and environmental stresses. This study presents a novel selfhealing concrete system incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP), designed to synergistically improve both material performance and crack-sealing efficiency. Experimental results indicate that the inclusion of PVA fibers significantly enhances mechanical and durability properties. Compared to plain concrete, the 28-day compressive and flexural strengths increased by 32.47 % and 22.54 %, respectively, while water penetration depth was reduced by 23.25 %. Moreover, the relative permeability coefficient and volume of harmful capillary pores decreased by 50.81 % and 19.27 %, respectively. After 28 days of autonomous healing, the specimens exhibited a compressive strength recovery rate of 66.59 % and an ultrasonic pulse velocity recovery of 58.82 %. Microstructural analysis confirmed the precipitation of dense calcite crystals within cracks, contributing to pore refinement and intrinsic property enhancement. This work not only advances the autonomous healing capability of concrete but also substantially improves its mechanical and impermeable performance, offering a promising strategy for developing highly durable construction materials.

Crack self-healing based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) endows structures with self-sensing and self-repair capabilities. However, most research on repair via MICP has focused on single-microorganism systems and the self-healing of cracks in static water environments. This approach struggles to achieve effective crack repair for structures operating under complex service conditions and long-term dynamic water flow. This study investigates three self-healing systems comprising urease-producing bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and a mixed consortium of urease-producing, aerobic, and denitrifying bacteria, all immobilized on expanded perlite, for their effects on the crack self-healing performance of cement mortar specimens. The crack repair efficacy of these self-healing specimens under different aquatic conditions was also examined. Results indicate that after 28 days of curing, the crack repair widths in static water reached 0.41 mm, 0.31 mm, and 0.44 mm for the three systems, respectively. Under dynamic water flow at 20 ml/h, the crack repair widths were 0.0137 mm, 0.0188 mm, and 0.0325 mm. The permeability recovery rates of the three systems reached 100%, 90.56%, and 100%, respectively, all exceeding the 32.41% achieved by the system without microorganisms. Under the optimal mineralization repair system, the compressive strength recovery rate was 70.23%. Microscopic analysis revealed that the mineralization products from the mixed microbial consortium exhibited a dense structure with a high calcium carbonate content. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimized design of MICP-based self-healing cementitious materials in complex aquatic environments.

As a national intangible cultural heritage of China, Gannan Tea Picking Opera, with its unique music, performance style and strong local characteristics, highlights the deep cultural heritage of Gannan region. However, in the context of the accelerated pace of modern life and the increasing diversification of entertainment modes, the inheritance and development of traditional opera face many challenges. Based on the KANO model, this paper discusses the process and strategy of designing the virtual image of Gannan Tea Picking Opera, aiming to enhance the communication power and attractiveness of the opera through digital means, and to increase the public's attention to and recognition of Gannan culture. In this paper, the historical background, artistic characteristics and cultural connotations of Gannan Tea Picking Opera are firstly studied in depth, and the cultural symbols embedded in its costumes, props, expressions and movements are analyzed. Subsequently, the KANO model is introduced to classify and analyze the users' demands, and through questionnaires and interviews, the users' basic demands (e.g., authenticity and traditional elements restoration), desired demands (e.g., interactivity, expressiveness and modern aesthetic combination) and charming demands (e.g., innovativeness, personalized design and unique expression of cultural symbols) of the virtual image are clarified and the coefficients of satisfaction for each demand are calculated for sorting and weight division. On this basis, the design of the virtual image of Gannan Tea Picking Opera is carried out. Based on the KANO model, this paper formulates the overall program of virtual image design and conducts user testing and feedback collection. The test results show that the designed virtual image performs well in terms of user satisfaction and acceptance. Most users believe that the virtual image retains the traditional flavor of the Gannan Tea Picking Opera, but is also modern and interactive, which can effectively stimulate their interest in this traditional form of opera. Especially among the young user group, the virtual image has significantly increased the popularity and influence of the tea picking opera through the dissemination of social media and short video platforms.

Over the past two decades, the use of Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology for self-healing concrete cracks has emerged as a feasible and environmentally friendly approach. In microbial self-healing concrete, microorganisms and nutrients are immobilized within suitable carriers to protect the microorganisms, thereby enabling concrete self-repair. The choice of carriers and preparation methods significantly influences the self-healing performance of concrete. Expanded perlite (EP), a porous carrier widely studied in microbial self-healing concrete, has shown great potential. Building on previous EP-based self-healing agent preparation methods, this study simplifies and improves the process by proposing an uncoated multi-species microbial self-healing agent to enhance healing efficacy. The results demonstrate that the coating-free EP self-healing agent exhibits excellent crack healing performance. When 1200 mL of healing agent was added to the basic mix ratio of the mortar sample, the healing rate for cracks measuring 1.4-1.6 mm reaches 70.9 %, with a maximum average water-tight crack width of 0.86 mm. The maximum healed crack width achieved is 1.772 mm. Additionally, the study reveals that the coating-free EP self-healing agent improves the compressive strength of mortar at lower dosages compared to traditional EP agents. By optimizing the preparation process, the cost of the coating-free EP self-healing agent is reduced, while the self-healing capability of concrete is significantly enhanced.

Household energy consumption in high-altitude urban areas remains a critical blind spot in climate mitigation efforts. This study addresses a gap in knowledge through the examination of carbon emissions from energy use in urban households in the Qinghai Province of China, a region characterized by extreme environmental conditions and energy system vulnerabilities. Via the use of a household survey dataset (N = 2404) and an extended Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model that explicitly incorporates altitude as a key geographic variable. This study revealed an average per capita household energy consumption of 563.62 kgce/year, with the highest usage in the Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture due to severe climatic conditions and inefficient heating systems. Heating systems emerged as the main contributor, accounting for 63.85 % of the total daily CO₂ emissions (3.31 kg/day), exacerbated by outdated technologies. The analysis identified an altitude emerged as the most significant positive predictor of household carbon emission, outweighing traditional socioeconomic factors like income, which influences the household carbon footprint in this unique geographical region. These findings emphasize that effective decarbonization requires place-based policies tailored to specific altitude zones, prioritizing the modernization of heating infrastructure, deployment of adaptive renewable technologies, and addressing the unique energy poverty challenges in these vulnerable ecosystems. This research offers new empirical evidence for formulating targeted climate policies in plateau ecosystems, aiding in global decarbonization efforts.

The coupled heat and moisture transfer (HAMT) processes within building envelopes determine their actual hygrothermal performance, significantly impacting energy consumption and indoor comfort. To reveal such processes, numerical simulations based on the principles of energy and mass transfer are the primary approach. The selection of an appropriate driving potential is crucial not only for model establishment but also for ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of numerical solutions, while these impacts remain insufficiently explored, and their applicability has yet to be clarified. Herein, an HAMT model with hygric driving potential of moisture content for multilayer envelopes was developed, and its feasibility and advantages were confirmed through various validation cases. The results indicate that, under identical grid configurations and tolerance settings, the proposed model achieved higher accuracy of numerical solutions across various conditions, including high-moisture scenarios, while reducing computation time by up to 13.56 % and 46.36 % compared to models employing relative humidity or capillary pressure as the hygric driving potential, respectively. Additionally, the Kelvin equation, commonly used to convert between relative humidity and capillary pressure, presents challenges in simultaneously obtaining accurate values for both parameters under abrupt temperature changes. Given that moisture-related risks, such as vapour condensation and mould growth, are closely associated with relative humidity, theoretical models based on relative humidity or its monotonic equivalent, e.g., moisture content, shall demonstrate more intuitive and broader applicability. This highlights the strong potential of HAMT models employing moisture content as the hygric driving potential in future research, owing to their accuracy, efficiency, and numerical robustness.

Background.Preclinical small-animal studies are essential for understanding radiation-induced biological responses and toxicities, ultimately facilitating translation to clinical interventions. However, the promise is hampered by poor dose conformity achieved in small-animal experiments. The gap has been partially closed with recent advances in image guidance and radiation intensity modulation. The vast differences in the sizes between the small animals and humans, however, demand steeper dose gradient to mimic clinical targeting specificity.Objective.Here, we explore the non-coplanar solution space enabled by the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) to enhance dose delivery specificity.Approach.This study integrates a 4πnon-coplanar beam orientation optimization framework with 4πrectangular apertures-based beam orientation optimization (4π-RABOO) for automated small-animal intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning.Methods.4π-RABOO objective function included anL2-norm term for dose fidelity, anL1-norm term for aperture sparsity, and anL2,1/2group sparsity term for beam selection. Solving the large-scale computational problem was accelerated by replacing the Kronecker product with smaller matrix multiplications and by applying the Fast Iterative Shrinkage Thresholding Algorithm. Three preclinical sites (brain, liver tumor, spine) involving five mice were evaluated against two reference coplanar plans: 5-field rectangular aperture plans and fixed-size aperture plans. Plan evaluation metrics included D2, D98, homogeneity index,R50for planning target volumes, and mean/max doses to organs at risk (OARs).Main Results.4π-RABOO improved plan quality by reducing D2 by up to 17.4%, increasing D98 by up to 17.1%, and loweringR50by over 30% compared to baseline plans. In spine cases, mean doses to critical OARs (bowel, liver, spleen) were reduced by up to 64.5%, 51.6%, and 93.1%, respectively. The enhanced dosimetric performance came at the cost of increased plan complexity, with 2-3X more apertures per case.Significance.Integrating beam orientation and rectangular aperture optimization into small-animal IMRT on the SARRP generates dosimetrically superior plans, significantly improving target dose homogeneity and adjacent tissue sparing.

Carbon reduction in the urban and rural construction sector plays a strategic role in helping China achieve its carbon peak target by 2030. Using Zhangzhou as a case study, this research developed and compared top-down and bottom-up carbon emission prediction models based on field surveys and literature, revealing emission characteristics of medium-sized cities. Seven carbon reduction measures were integrated in the models: conserving energy in new buildings, retrofitting existing buildings, using renewable energy (RE) in urban areas, using RE in rural areas, electrifying energy use, using green lighting and creating greenfield carbon sinks. To quantify the measures' contributions, a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and two carbon reduction scenarios-stable decarbonisation and rapid decarbonisation-were established using scenario analysis. The results showed that (1) in the BAU scenario, the predictions of the two models differed by less than +/- 10 %, with the bottom-up method projecting a carbon peak in 2038 at 4.672 million tonnes of CO2; (2) the carbon peak could be advanced to 2030 and 2026 under stable and rapid decarbonisation scenarios, with carbon emissions of 4.103 and 3.937 million tonnes of CO2, respectively; and (3) RE use and energy conservation in new buildings are key drivers of carbon reduction, and the contributions can reach 18.15 % and 32.26 %, respectively. This study verified the accuracy of carbon emission forecasts by comparing two prediction methods, providing a basis for the formulation of emission reduction measures. Additionally, it considered the coordinated optimisation of infrastructure and addressed the research gap in medium-sized cities, offering references for low-carbon development strategies in similar regions.

Light-framed timber structure (LTS) buildings are increasingly utilized in the hot summer and cold winter climate zone due to their renewability, energy efficiency, and low carbon footprint. However, heat and moisture transfer (HAMT) within the building envelope becomes highly complex under the intermittent energy consumption mode commonly adopted in this region, impacting energy performance, indoor environmental creation, and moisture risk prevention. In these processes, interior panels, serving as the primary pathway for HAMT between indoor environment and building envelopes, play a critical but often overlooked role in mould prevention and moisture regulation. To assess the comprehensive impacts of energy consumption mode and identify the optimal strategy for interior panels, this study employed numerical simulations conducted using WUFI-Plus, validated through in-situ experimental data. Results showed that, although intermittent modes met indoor hygrothermal requirements only about 25 % of the time and were less effective in controlling temperature and relative humidity compared to continuous modes, they significantly reduced mould growth risks by leveraging daytime ventilation while achieving a 72.0 % reduction in annual energy consumption. Interior panels with high water vapour permeability helped lower envelope moisture content and improve humidity control, though they may also induce moisture fluctuations. Inorganic materials with moderate vapour permeability are thus recommended as a balanced choice. This study highlights the value of considering interior panel configuration in tandem with typical operational modes, providing practical guidance for hygrothermal optimisation of LTS buildings in humid climates.

Purpose. In radiotherapy, dose distribution conformity and compactness are critical to patient outcomes. Advanced techniques like 4 π radiotherapy leverage non-coplanar beams for superior dosimetry by exploring additional degrees of freedom. However, 4 π planning is computationally intensive due to large dose-loading matrices for candidate beams. This work presents an ultra-high performance parallel (UHPP) framework to accelerate high-dimensional treatment planning. Methods. For dose calculation, we developed: (1) a two-step total energy released per unit mass (TERMA) computation module calculating the TERMA array once per beam, enabling reuse across convolution directions; (2) a synchronized dose calculation module based on collapsed-cone convolution superposition (CCCS), arranging rays in dedicated sequences to preserve thread efficiency and minimize memory access; (3) a scattering-based coordinate transformation mapping dose from beamlet to patient Cartesian coordinates, eliminating aliasing without atomic operations. The framework includes CCCS exponential kernel calculation for varying LINAC spectra. For beam orientation optimization, we employed fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm with group sparsity regularization, accelerated using cuSPARSE library on GPUs. We benchmarked against Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for dose accuracy and compared computational performance to state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. Plan quality was evaluated across four approaches: UHPP, SOTA, clinical VMAT plans, and MC calculations based on UHPP plans. Results. Compared to MC simulations, UHPP achieved minimum 98% gamma passing rates under 1.5%/1.5 mm criterion for water and slab phantoms, and average 97.35% and 92.18% under 3%/3 mm criterion for pancreas and head-and-neck patients, respectively. UHPP delivered 8.86× and 6.99× speedups in dose calculation and plan optimization while maintaining comparable or superior plan quality. Both UHPP and SOTA consistently produced 4 π plans outperforming clinical VMAT plans in organ-at-risk sparing and target coverage. Conclusion. The UHPP framework delivers high dose accuracy and substantial computational speedup without sacrificing 4 π planning’s dosimetric advantages, supporting practical adoption of advanced 4 π radiotherapy in clinical workflows.

NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3 (NDUFS3) is the core subunit of the respiratory chain complex I (CI). We found NDUFS3 were abnormally elevated in human melanoma and promoted melanoma proliferation. Furthermore, NDUFS3 could promote the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), as well as attenuated glycolysis. As NDUFS3-mediated the metabolic changes of OXPHOS and glucose metabolism, melanoma cells produced more ATP, resulting in the inhibition of AMP kinase (AMPK). AMPK induced phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase1 (PRPS1) phosphorylation, which resulted in suppressed PRPS1 activity. Briefly, the NDUFS3-AMPK-PRPS1 signaling axis coupled OXPHOS, glucose metabolism, and purine nucleotide biosynthesis to regulate melanoma proliferation. Our study highlighted an unrecognized role for NDUFS3 in melanoma, which might be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this type of cancer.

Microcracks induced by desiccation shrinkage and internal porosity significantly compromise the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) offers an effective solution for repairing microcracks and refining pore structures in concrete. Nevertheless, few existing microbial carriers have demonstrated the ability to concurrently improve compressive strength and permeability resistance. This study utilized expanded perlite (EP) as a microbial carrier to develop microbial self-healing agents (SHA), and systematically investigated the mechanical properties, impermeability, and microstructural characteristics of concrete specimens incorporating varying volume fractions of EP and SHA. Experimental results demonstrate that microbial self-healing concrete containing 25 % SHA achieves a 6.74 % enhancement in 28-day compressive strength relative to reference concrete. At the higher 50 % SHA dosage, optimal impermeability performance is observed, exhibiting a 1.07 cm reduction (51.44 % decrease) in water penetration depth. Additionally, this formulation shows substantial improvements in durability parameters, with apparent water absorption index (AIB) and permeable void volume (VPV) decreasing by 48.14 % and 48.29 %, respectively. Microstructural characterization confirms that MICP primarily forms calcite and aragonite crystals, filling pore structures ranging from 10 to 5800 nm. While EP exhibits inherent porosity, the MICP process partially compensates for associated strength reductions. Remarkably, load-damaged microbial self-healing concrete specimens achieved 104.48 % strength recovery after 28 days of healing, demonstrating exceptional self-restoration capability. This study establishes an innovative collaborative optimization approach through carrier content regulation and microbial mineralization, offering a novel strategy for developing high-performance self-healing concrete materials while providing a critical theoretical foundation for enhancing the long-term durability of concrete structures.

To explore the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of hypothermic perfusion on the corneal endothelium during phacoemulsification. Phacoemulsification was performed on New Zealand white rabbits. Perfusate at different temperatures was used during the operation, and the aqueous humor was collected for proteomic sequencing after the operation. Corneal endothelial cell injury was simulated by a corneal endothelial cell oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in vitro. Flow cytometry and evaluation of fluorescent LC3B puncta were used to detect apoptosis and autophagy, and western blotting was used to detect protein expression. A total of 381 differentially expressed proteins were identified between the two groups. In vitro, 4 ℃ hypothermia significantly reduced apoptosis and promoted autophagy. Apoptosis increased after autophagy was inhibited by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA). Furthermore, adiponectin (ADIPOQ) knockdown inhibited phospho-AMPK and blocked the protective effect of hypothermia on corneal endothelial cells. We investigated the differential expression of proteins between the hypothermia group and normothermia group by proteomics. Moreover, hypothermia-induced ADIPOQ can reduce apoptosis by promoting AMPK-mediated autophagy. What is known • During phacoemulsification, the corneal endothelium may be damaged by ultrasonic energy. • The use of hypothermic perfusion during phacoemulsification can reduce postoperative inflammation. What is new • Hypothermia protects corneal endothelial cells from apoptosis by promoting autophagy. • Hypothermia induces adiponectin expression and protects corneal endothelial cells through AMPK-mediated autophagy.