[Objective]This study systematically investigated the compositional characteristics of hyperdominance and large-sized trees,as well as their key roles in maintaining forest biomass and productivity,within the natural forest ecosystems of southwestern Hubei.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the conservation and sustainable management of forest vegetation in subtropical mountainous and hilly regions.[Method]We used biophysical tree data from 6-hectare large plot in southwestern Hubei,China.We systematically analyzed the relative contributions of hyperdominance and large-sized trees to biomass and productivity,exploring the potential impact of these dominant tree species on regional forest carbon cycling and their key roles in maintaining forest ecosystem functions and stability.[Result]A small number of hyperdominance contributed approximately 50%of species abundance(8 species),biomass(2 species)and productivity(5 species).The ranking of species abundance does not align with their biomass and productivity rankings,with notable differences observed.Species abundance showed a significant positive correlation with both biomass and productivity(R2＞0.62,P＜0.001),with higher species abundance contributing more to biomass and productivity.Approximately 1.00%to 3.39%of the big-sized trees contributed 34.29%to 68.94%of the biomass and 19.99%to 50.05%of the productivity.Species abundances of large trees were excellent predictors of their biomass(R2＞0.98,P＜0.001)and productivity(R2＞0.86,P＜0.001).Phylogenetic trees showed that hyperdominance and large-sized trees exhibited evolutionary clustering,primarily concentrated within specific families.These species played a key role in maintaining ecosystem functions.[Conclusion]Hyperdominance and big-sized trees play a crucial role in sustaining forest biomass and productivity.These dominant trees not only potentially affect regional forest carbon cycling but also have far-reaching implications for the long-term health and stability of forest ecosystems.

The main geological factors causing high levels of heavy metals (HMs) in soils in areas with sedimentary rocks are the exposure of black rock series (BRS) and the development of karst. The combined relationships, background concentrations, and speciation of Se and HMs in clastic rocks, carbonate rocks, and BRS remain unclear, which restricts HM traceability and remediation in high background soils. This study focuses on Ediacaran to Jurassic sedimentary rocks in South China and determines the total concentrations of Se, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, As, Ni, and total organic carbon (TOC), as well as their speciation. The results indicate that the TOC in sedimentary rocks is significantly positively correlated with Se, Hg, Cd, Cr, and Ni, followed by Cu and As, but not Pb and Zn. Cluster analysis reveals that Se is strongly associated with Cd and As. Compared with those in the upper continental crust (UCC), the enrichment levels of elements in BRS are ordered Se > Cd > Hg > As > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Zn. The mean concentrations of Se, Cd, Hg, and As in BRS are 957.8, 62.9, 28.4, and 8.5 times those in the UCC, respectively. These elements are also relatively enriched in carbonate rocks. A risk assessment based on speciation indicates that Cd, Se and As in BRS have the greatest ecological risks, as well as Cd and As in carbonate rocks. Active speciation of Hg in all three rock types is less than 0.1% of the soil risk screening, indicating low risk. Therefore, the elevated risks of Cd, Se, and As in high-background areas may fundamentally stem from parent rocks. With a limited budget, the immediate focus should be on remediating Cd, As, and Se in the BRS areas, while also stepping up monitoring of Cd and As in the karst zones. (c) 2025 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China University of Geosciences (Beijing). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Assessing the vulnerability of species to climate change is currently one of the hot issues in ecology and conservation biology. Although species sensitivity and adaptability play a crucial role in determining species vulnerability to climate change, most studies have only focused on habitat exposure, hindering a comprehensive understanding of species vulnerability to climate change and the implementation of effective conservation actions and policies. Here, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the species sensitivity, habitat exposure and vulnerability of 122 Chinese Theaceae species and the spatial distribution patterns of their sensitivity, habitat exposure and vulnerability, as well as the effectiveness of China's protected area network in protecting these species under future climate change. Our analyses suggest that species vulnerability was mainly determined by species sensitivity rather than habitat exposure. In addition, these species generally exhibit a high sensitivity and vulnerability to temperature-related variables, such as the annual mean temperature and temperature annual range, while exhibiting a high exposure to precipitation variables, such as total annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality. Furthermore, our analyses show that the high-vulnerability areas are mainly distributed in western and eastern China. However, no more than 17% of the high-vulnerability areas would be covered by China's protected area network and no more than 15% of the median- and low-vulnerability areas would be covered by China's protected area network. These findings can contribute to a new understanding of the vulnerability of the 122 Chinese Theaceae species to future climate change and guide effective conservation prioritizing in a rapidly changing climate.

[Objective]Plant functional traits are a series of attributes of plants,reflecting the adaptive strategies of plants to environmental changes.It can not only respond to changes in the external environment,but also affect the function of forest ecosystems,elevation as a key comprehensive environmental factor,the temperature difference between different elevations provides innate conditions for studying how plants adapt to low temperature environment.As a representative plant in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,there are few studies on leaf functional traits of Quercus glauca,and the ecological strategies adopted by Quercus glauca to cope with the high altitude and low temperature environment are very limited.To study the changes of leaf functional traits of Quercus glauca at different altitude gradients is helpful to understand its survival and tradeoffstrategies in response to environmental changes,and to provide references for understanding the adaptation mechanism of subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest vegetation to environmental and climate change.[Method]In this paper,the leaf functional traits of Quercus glauca in different elevations(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ)of Hubei Mulinzi national nature reserve were measured to reveal the variation rules among different elevations,explore the differences and correlations among the functional traits,and explore the adaptive strategies to cope with the harsh environment in the high altitude area.[Result]The variation of 6 functional traits of the leaves of Quercus glauca was 9.81%-25.17%,and the variation coefficient of dry matter content in the middle lobe was the smallest,and the leaf area was the largest.The leaf area and specific leaf area of Quercus glauca decreased with the increase of altitude.Leaf thickness,leaf dry matter content and leaf N content increased with the increase of altitude.With the increase of altitude,leaf P content increased first and then decreased,all 6 functional traits were correlated with each other,the survival strategy of Quercus glauca gradually changed from"fast return"to"slow return".[Conclusion]Among different altitude gradients,there were differences in the functional traits of the leaves of Quercus glauca,which adapted to the harsh environment in the high altitude area through the interaction and restriction of the functional traits.

Subtropical forests play an important role in global carbon cycle and in mitigating climate change. Understanding the relationship between multiple diversity and ecosystem function is crucial for protecting and managing forests. Here we used forest inventory data from a 6-hectare sample plot in natural evergreen deciduous broad-leaf mixed forest systems for the years 2016 and 2021. We analyzed the effects of multiple aspects of diversity and topographic factors on forest productivity using multiple causal analyses. We found that Fagaceae was the primary contributor to productivity in the forest stand. Elevation, slope, and convexity showed no significant effects on productivity. Structural complexity (stand density, large-diameter trees and tree-size variation) was significantly positively correlated with productivity. Taxonomic and functional diversity indices were weakly correlated with productivity. Specifically, forest productivity was enhanced by traits associated with greater maximum height and lower wood density. Community-weighted mean traits were the most strongest predictor of productivity relative to other variables. Within this forest stand, the mass-ration hypothesis appeared to be more influential on forest productivity compared to the complementarity and selection effects. By integrating multiple drivers of forest ecosystem functioning, our study provides critical system-level insights needed to predict the potential consequences of regional changes in forest diversity, composition, structure and function.

Soil microbial communities are involved in and contribute to several processes in soil ecosystems. Nonetheless, how various forest management approaches and their timeframes influence soil microbial community composition and network complexity is poorly understood. Hence, in this study, a time-series method examined how microbial populations in the soil of Carya cathayensis var. dabeishansis forests varied across different management practices (no management, extensive management, and intensive management) and over periods of 0, 3, 8, 15, and 20 years. High-throughput sequencing determined the species composition of soil microbial communities, co-occurrence network analysis assessed interrelationships between communities, and null model theory elucidated deterministic and stochastic processes governing community assembly. The results indicated that under both treatment methods, soil bacterial diversity indices increased compared to the control during short-term management (3 years), but subsequently declined with further prolonged management duration. Moreover, soil acid phosphatase activity and total potassium levels primarily shaped the bacterial species in the soil, with Acidobacteriota (21.96%-31.45%), Proteobacteria (22.82%-31.12%), Actinobacteria (6.81%-13.05%), and Chloroflexi (6.68%-9.67%) representing the most prevalent bacterial taxa. Interactions between soil bacterial and fungal communities were predominantly cooperative across both management strategies (79.88%-100%). However, the degree of cooperation fluctuated throughout the duration. Stochastic processes, particularly diffusion limitation, played a key role in shaping the assembly of these microbial communities. The diffusion limitation of soil microorganisms was smaller in extensively managed forests than in intensively managed forests. These results highlight the need for balanced forest management strategies, where short-term intensive practices could help preserve soil microbial diversity and sustain ecosystem functions. Therefore, we strongly recommend adopting an intermittent forest management approach, particularly in intensively managed forests, where it is necessary to allow the ecosystem adequate time for autonomous recovery.

[Objective] The hydrological characteristics of typical forest litters and soil in Southwest Hubei Province were studied, and the water-holding capacity of different forest stands were analyzed and compared in order to provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference for selecting suitable afforestation species and creating reasonable soil and water conservation forests in the region. [Methods] The study was conducted for five typical forest stands in the national forest farm of Jinzi Mountain in Lichuan City. Field survey and sampling, the cutting ring method, and the indoor soaking method were used. The litter storage capacity, water-holding process, and water-holding capacity, as well as the water-holding capacity and infiltration process of the soil layer in each forest stand were compared and analyzed. [Results] ① Litter storage for the five forest stands followed the order of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation > deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest > Larix kaempferi plantation > Cryptomeria fortunei plantation > artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense. The maximum water-holding capacity varied from 13.94 to 29.12 t/hm2, which was consistent with the change of litter storage. ② The litter water-holding capacity and immersion time exhibited a logarithmic relationship. The water absorption rate and immersion time followed a power function relationship. ③ The maximum water-holding capacity of the 0—40 cm soil layer ranged from 277.02 to 334.12 t/hm2, and followed the order of artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense > deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest > Larix kaempferi plantation > Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation > Cryptomeria ortune plantation. The average infiltration rate varied from 6.89 to 22.30 mm/min. The steady infiltration time ranged from 18.40 to 25.73 min. The average infiltration rate of soil varied from 6.89 to 22 mm/min. The steady infiltration time ranged from 18.40 to 25.73 min. The best soil permeability was found in the artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense, followed by the deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest. ④ From the analysis using the coordinate integrated assessment method, we observed the greatest comprehensive water-holding performance for the deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest. However, in terms of the water-holding performance of litter and soil, the Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and the artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense, respectively, were the best. [Conclusion] For the litter layer, Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation had the best water-holding performance. For the soil layer, Liriodendron chinense plantation had the best water-holding performance. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of all indicators, the overall water-holding performance of broad-leaved mixed forest was the best. Therefore, in Southwest Hubei Province, we recommend adoption of a close-to-natural forest culture and management method, planting coniferous and broad-leaved species appropriately, and increasing the proportion of mixed forests so as to increase the hydrological benefits of litter, and to increase soil aeration and permeability, thereby maximizing the water-holding capacity of litter and soil under different forest stands.

为定量评价木林子天然林不同恢复阶段林分结构特征变化及森林恢复现状,以木林子自然保护区内皆伐后自然恢复24、39 a的次生林及未受人为干扰的原始林为研究对象,通过林分空间结构参数分布、径阶-空间结构参数联合分布来量化描述林分径阶和空间结构特征,并采用林分空间结构指数(I)和林分空间结构距离(D)综合评价不同恢复阶段林分整体结构特征.结果表明:木林子天然林不同恢复阶段林分均混交良好,随恢复时间的推移,该林分水平分布格局整体趋势由聚集分布向随机分布发展,大小分化度呈先增加后降低的趋势,但始终趋于均衡状态.空间结构参数方差检验表明,在自然恢复过程中,大小比数、混交度能更快地趋于合理,而角尺度则需要较长时间的恢复.径阶-空间结构特征表明,各个恢复阶段林木均以随机林体为主,其中原始林林分中随机分布格局下极强度混交状态的林木胸径更大.不同恢复阶段,绝对优势等级林木中原始林的径阶区间最广.相较于24年生及39年生次生林林分,原始林空间结构最优,林分空间结构指数、林分空间结构距离分别为0.724、0.544.皆伐后自然恢复24、39 a的次生林需较长时间才能达到原始林的结构状态.

【Objective】The objective of this study was to compile and analyze the biomass models of woody plants in subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests, learn the status of biomass models in the plant list based on sample-plot surveys, and provide references for researchers to calculate and evaluate biomass, thus providing a research direction for improving the biomass models of woody plants in such forests and references for formulating the unified standard of biomass modeling.【Method】Based on the survey of the fixed monitoring plots in the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests of 3 nature reserves and 1 state-owned forest farm in southwest Hubei province, the species list was determined, the woody plant biomass models were retrieved, screened and organized, and the model structure, parameters and factors that affect the accuracy of the model were analyzed.【Result】A total of 665 biomass models were obtained from 167 groups, including 55 families, 110 genera and 270 species of plants, which covered 60% of the 455 plant species in the species list. The model set contained 19 independent variables, which were mainly diameter at breast height D, base diameter DB, tree height H, etc., as well as their different combinations like D2H and DB2H, and 5 types of functions which included 388 power functions, 121 linear functions, 73 polynomial functions, 68 logarithmic functions, and 15 exponential functions. In the model set, 568 models (85.4%) marked the range of independent variables, 596 models (89.6%) marked the standard number of trees for modeling, and the biomass models with over 30 samples accounted for a low proportion (22.3%). 559 models (84.1%) marked the correlation coefficient or coefficients of determination (such coefficients range from 0.17 to 0.99, with an average of 0.91) to reflect the accuracy of the model. The independent variables of models, sample size, function type and different organ components and life forms of trees would all affect the accuracy of the model.【Conclusions】There is still a lack of biomass models of woody plants in subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests, and the existing models have problems such as insufficient sample size and incomplete statistical parameters. The accuracy of the model is affected by sample size, independent variables, function type and other factors.

Investigating functional plant traits is essential for understanding plant responses and adaptations to global climate change and ecosystem functions. Synchronous observations of multiple plant traits across multiple sites are rare. Here, we obtained community, functional trait, and environmental data for different forest vegetation types in China’s tropical, subtropical, warm-temperate, and cold-temperate zones. Using principal component (PC) analysis, we constructed a composite–habitat gradient axis of biotic and abiotic factors across different climatic zones, differentiated functional trait compositions along the axis and their driving factors, and reached three main conclusions. (1) At the community level, the community-weighted mean and variance of each trait level differed across the climatic zones. Specific leaf areas and leaf phosphorus contents decreased with increasing PC1 values, whereas community-weighted means and variances of leaf dry-matter contents, leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios, and wood densities significantly increased with increasing PC1 values. However, the leaf nitrogen content varied along the PC1 axis. Both the community-weighted skewness and kurtosis of functional traits increased significantly with increasing PC1 values for the composite habitat gradient across the climatic zones. (2) The weighted mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis of each functional trait exhibited different patterns on the composite habitat gradient PC2 axis than on the PC1 axis across the climatic zones, and the correlation was weak. (3) Most functional traits correlated significantly with the community-weighted mean and variance, kurtosis, and skewness. Therefore, the different functional trait compositions of forest communities in different climatic zones reflected trait convergence caused by the environment and trait differences caused by species competition in response to local-scale filtering.

为查明水杉天然更新的关键障碍因素,探索促进水杉天然更新的有效途径,在野外原生境中选择5株水杉母树作为研究对象,以水杉母树为中心设置样圆,在样圆内采用不同林下处理方式(群落阻隔、林下活地被物阻隔、凋落物阻隔和无阻隔)进行分区试验,研究植被和凋落物对水杉天然更新的影响.结果表明:不同林下处理方式对水杉幼苗更新密度、存活率、苗高、地径、根长、叶片数量、叶面积、地上生物量和地下生物量有极显著影响(P<0.01);幼苗萌发生长指标均在无阻隔区达到最大值,再由高到低依次是凋落物阻隔区、林下活地被物阻隔区、群落阻隔区.水杉林下活地被物、凋落物和群落环境均是造成水杉天然更新困难的障碍因素,对水杉种子萌发和幼苗生长抑制程度的排序为:群落环境>林下活地被物>凋落物.水杉幼苗苗高的生长动态变化符合S型生长曲线(R2≥0.893),4种处理方式的水杉幼苗更新密度均呈倒"V"形分布.无阻隔处理显著促进了水杉幼苗的天然更新,其存活率、苗高、地径、根长、叶片数量、叶面积、生长速率及生物量等指标均最高;今后在水杉种群保护和管理中,应适当清除林下活地被物和凋落物,为水杉种子萌发和幼苗生长提供适宜环境,促进水杉种群天然更新.

成果导向教育(outcome based education,OBE)是以学生的预期学习成果为中心组织、实施和评估教育的一种范式.对大学的课程教学而言,小规模限制性在线课程(smal private online course,SPOC)适用于教学规模较小、具有一定限制性和准入条件的部分学科基础课、专业核心课和专业选修课等.基于SPOC的线上线下混合式教学,是一种结合了课堂教学与在线教学的混合学习模式.湖北民族大学以OBE理念为指导,从课程定位、课程教学目标、课程教学内容、课程教学策略、课程考核与评价等5个方面,对"普通生态学"课程基于SPOC的线上线下混合式教学进行了设计与实践.一是明确了"普通生态学"课程作为学科基础课程和核心主干课程,其总体教学目标为:面向武陵山少数民族地区生态文明建设主战场,培养具有生态文明理念,掌握生态学的基本理论知识和方法原理,能够利用生态学理论和方法解决生态文明建设中的实际问题,在生物多样性保护、植被生态恢复、生态环境监测等方面具有一定创新创业能力的专业人才.二是将生态文明建设理论融入课程教学内容,积极挖掘思想政治教育元素,构建包括生态学形成与发展(生态学概述)、生态系统生态学、个体生态学(生物与环境)、种群生态学、群落生态学、应用生态学等6个部分的课程内容体系.三是遵循以学生为中心的原则,实施"问题导向式"教学,即围绕预设主题组织相关教学内容和课堂讨论,通过课前、课堂和课后等3个环节将学生自主学习与教师重点讲解相结合、将线上学习和考核与线下讲授和实践相结合,从而巩固和拓展学生的学习成果.四是实施以过程性评价为主、过程性评价与终结性评价相结合的考核模式,构建由12个环节构成的线上线下相结合的课程考核体系,建立学生评教、教师评学的评价机制.最后,以OBE理念为指导,在教学评价基础上,根据学习成果达成度,反思学生学习成果未达成或不理想的原因;并遵循"持续改进"的原则,对理论教学和实践教学的教学设计、教学内容和教学策略等进行再构建,以期有效提升课程教学的高阶性、创新性和挑战度,为打造一流课程、提高课程教学质量提供借鉴.

[目的]探究林分空间结构、物种多样性随尺度变化的规律及林分空间结构与物种多样性的相互关系,为鄂西南常绿落叶阔叶混交林可持续经营提供科学依据.[方法]以鄂西南七姊妹山自然保护区、木林子自然保护区和金子山国有林场3个研究区的典型植被——亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林为研究对象,基于各研究区大样地调查数据,分析从20 m×20 m到200 m×200 m不同尺度下,林分空间结构指标和物种多样性指数及其随尺度变化的规律,结合Pearson相关系数法解析尺度变化影响下的空间结构指标与物种多样性的相关性.[结果]鄂西南地区常绿落叶阔叶混交林中物种丰富,常见优势乔木树种为川陕鹅耳枥、多脉青冈和锥栗.林分空间结构特征在尺度 ≥120 m×120 m后变化趋于稳定,整体表现出微聚集分布、大小分化中庸且混交良好的状态.不同尺度上林分空间结构参数角尺度与林分物种多样性存在中度相关性(P<0.01),其他结构参数与林分多样性不存在相关性.[结论]鄂西南亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交天然林,林分空间结构调查的最适尺度为120 m×120 m;不同研究尺度下,角尺度是林分空间结构影响物种多样性的一个关键因子.

[目的]探讨水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides母树凋落物物理阻隔对水杉天然更新的影响,为解除水杉天然更新障碍及保护水杉种群提供科学依据.[方法]通过野外模拟试验,对不同类型凋落物(新鲜凋落物和自然凋落物)采用0(对照)、100、300、500、700、900 g·m?2的质量梯度,分别在种子下层和上层覆盖凋落物来探究凋落物对水杉幼苗出土及早期生长的影响.[结果]①凋落物对水杉种子出苗率和幼苗存活率产生抑制作用,在凋落物质量为300～900 g·m?2时抑制作用显著增强(P<0.05).②除在种子下层铺垫自然凋落物外,其余处理在凋落物质量为300 g·m?2时促进水杉幼苗苗高和地径生长,但与对照差异不显著(P>0.05);当凋落物质量高于300 g·m?2时,全部处理均抑制幼苗生长.随着凋落物质量的增加,对水杉幼苗根长的抑制作用逐渐增强.③随凋落物质量增加,水杉幼苗地上生物量和地下生物量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,只有在种子下层铺垫300 g·m?2的自然凋落物处理后有一定波动,其余各处理均抑制幼苗地下生物量累积;当凋落物质量达500 g·m?2以上时,凋落物显著阻碍幼苗地上和地下生物量的累积(P<0.05).④同一凋落物质量下(>300 g·m?2),新鲜凋落物对水杉幼苗出土和早期生长的抑制作用大于自然凋落物,种子下层铺垫凋落物比种子上层覆盖凋落物的抑制作用更强.[结论]水杉母树凋落物对水杉幼苗出土和早期生长具有明显的物理阻隔作用,进而影响水杉更新生长.因此,建议在种子雨高峰期前,对水杉林下不同类型的凋落物进行及时清理,以促进水杉天然更新.

为了探究水杉凋落物的化感作用是否是影响其天然更新的障碍因素，该文设置了8种水杉新鲜凋落物和自然凋落物水浸提液浓度200、100、50、20、10、5、2、1 g·L-1和CK，分析不同类型不同浓度凋落物水浸提液对水杉种子萌发和生长的化感作用的影响。结果表明：（1）水杉新鲜凋落物水浸提液对水杉种子发芽率和发芽势影响不显著（P>0.05），对发芽指数有显著影响（P0.05），但浓度为5、10、50、200 g·L-1时有抑制效应。（2）水杉种子芽长、胚轴和主根长度均在不同浓度的新鲜和自然水杉凋落物水浸提液间差异显著（P<0.05），且随着水浸提液浓度的增加（≥10 g·L-1）而逐渐降低，尤其是50~200 g·L-1范围内抑制作用显著增强。（3）新鲜和自然水杉凋落物水浸提液对自身种子萌发后生长的抑制作用相较于种子萌发强，且新鲜凋落物的化感效应抑制强度大于自然凋落物。（4）种子萌发和生长指标中，主根对化感物质反应最敏感。（5）水杉种子的芽长生长动态变化符合“S”型生长曲线（R2≥0.988）。水杉凋落物对自身种子萌发和生长具有一定的化感抑制效应，影响其种群天然更新，建议在水杉种群管理中，适当清理林下凋落物，以促进水杉种群的天然更新。

Community assembly research has mostly focused on areas with single vegetation types; however, the abiotic and biotic factors affecting community assembly act across regions. Integrating biotic and abiotic factors into “compound” habitats has gained attention as an emerging strategy to analyze spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity. We used a compound habitat approach to explore the relative roles of habitat filtering, biotic competition, and stochastic processes in the forest community assembly of four climatic zones (tropical, subtropical, temperate, and cold temperate forests). Specifically, we combined biotic and abiotic factors in four compound ecological gradients by principal component analysis (PCA), which we used to assess the geographic and phylogenetic distribution of multiple woody plant functional traits. We found that forest functional and phylogenetic diversity shifted from clustered to overdispersed along the first compound habitat gradient (PC1) across climate zones. This finding indicates that competitive exclusion strongly affected the community assembly in tropical and subtropical forests, while habitat filtering played a key role in cold temperate forests; these mechanisms may both exist and interact in temperate forests. We also found that both habitat filtering and biotic competition affected forest community assembly across climatic regions in China. Our results elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving geographical differentiation of forest vegetation across climatic zones, and bolster empirical evidence for the conservation of forest biodiversity in China. Further research is also needed to explore whether the patterns found in this paper are prevalent in different locations in different climatic zones in China.

Tree biomass equations are the most commonly used method to estimate tree and forest biomass on various spatial and temporal scales because of their minor damage, ease of use, and high relative accuracy. The systematic compilation of models for the biomass of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (a unique and essential class of typical vegetation types in the subtropical zone of China) has not been reported so far. In this paper, we compiled a species list through an inventory of 28.9 hm2 of mixed evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forests in southwestern Hubei Province with fixed detection sample plots, produced a species list, and used it to retrieve, collect and establish a model dataset of woody plant biomass in subtropical mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests. The species list contains a total of 665 biomass models in 167 groups as well as the information corresponding to each mode, such as the plant species name, Latin name, plant life type, plant components calculated by the model, model independent variables, measurement units and ranges of independent variables, model correlation coefficient or coefficient of determination, model sample size, climate zone, and soil type. is also recorded. By establishing this dataset, this paper not only provides essential information for in-depth research on the productivity and carbon sink of this specific vegetation but also serve as a scientific basis for the management of this type of forest, the conservation of biodiversity, and the evaluation of forest ecological benefits.

在互联网时代背景下,高校如何培养不同专业学生运用互联网资源,开展信息分析和实现信息创新的能力是十分重要且亟待解决的问题.以林学专业学生的信息创新能力培养为例,在分析其重要性与必要性的基础上,对提高学生对互联网资源的认识、引导学生形成互联网思维、搭建互联网资源平台等方面进行了较为全面与系统的分析,并提出了具体的举措和策略;同时也对培养学生信息获取能力、信息分析能力和信息综合运用能力的思路和方法策略进行阐述.旨在为高校培养学生信息创新能力提供借鉴和参考.

新林科建设背景下,地方高校需扎根中国大地积极参与高等林业教育的质量革命.湖北民族大学面向武陵山区林业产业发展新业态和生态文明建设需求,在地方高校新林科专业建设和人才培养的具体路径方面进行了有益的探索.一是以教学改革为中心,从林学类专业的拓展、人才培养目标的定位、教学质量校级标准的确定等3个方面,对林学类专业建设进行科学的顶层设计,提出走专业融合发展之路,积极拓展专业生长点.二是统一教学与开放教学相结合,建设由基础知识教学、专业理论教学、专业技能与创新能力培养等3个阶段构成的新林科专业"三段式"人才培养体系.三是基于成果导向教育(outcome-based education,OBE)理念,从课程教学目标的准确定位、课程教学内容的优化、课程教学策略的科学选择、课程教学评价的完善等4个方面,深化课程教学改革,充分发挥"金课"建设的示范引领作用.四是通过课内统一式的能力培养、课外组合式的能力培养以及实施"五导四结合"全程培养的本科生导师制等,建立多形式多途径相结合的能力培养体系,提升学生的综合实践能力和创新能力.五是基于以人才培养为中心的质量文化,建立由教学质量标准系统以及教学质量保障制度系统和技术系统等3个驱动引擎构成的教学质量保障体系;特别是通过建立"教、学、督、评、改"联动机制注重发挥教学质量保障技术系统的驱动作用.六是利用重点学科优势资源,从高水平师资队伍建设、专业教学团队和课程群教学团队运行机制建设以及基于"六个共同"校企合作机制的教学平台建设等3个方面入手,打造复合应用型人才培养的支撑体系,让高等林业教育走出教室、走进绿水青山,使地方高校新林科专业的人才培养与区域林业产业新业态相适应,使人才培养质量得到林业行业的广泛认同.

为了解自然保护区管理状况,提升保护区管理水平和实现保护区管理目标,以枟湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区总体规划(2013～2022年)枠及其实施情况为研究对象,基于枟自然保护区管理评估规范枠(HJ913-2017)对星斗山保护区管理状况进行评分,结果表明:(1)保护区规划内容包括保护管理工程、科研监测工程、公众教育工程、基础设施工程和可持续发展工程共计184项指标,完成率达53.79％;(2)保护区管理机构已健全,人员的编制总体上已落实;(3)保护区项目资金投入比例达43.48％,其中,中央投资占总投资的48.73％,地方配套占51.27％,单位未能自筹经费进行项目建设;(4)保护区总得分为75.5分,评估等级为"良",其中保护区管理基础得分相对较高,管理保障得分相对较低.说明星斗山国家级自然保护区总体的管理水平处于良好的状态.