During a late-winter field survey in Baihuashan National Nature Reserve, Beijing, several noctuid moths were observed flying during the daytime at low temperatures and being actively preyed upon by Marsh tits, which removed the heads and wings of captured individuals. These observations indicate that adults of this noctuid lineage are active in late winter, providing a critical nutritional resource for insectivorous birds during the ecologically constrained, food-limited winter period. Here, we formally describe this lineage as a new genus, Shoudus gen. nov., based on a new species, S. baihuashanus sp. nov., collected from Baihuashan reserve, including three specimens retrieved during active interception of tit predation, along with detached wings and heads recovered from the snow. The new genus is placed in the tribe Orthosiini Guenée, 1837, primarily based on adult external morphology, including large compound eyes with long interfacetal hairs and bipectinate male antennae, as well as forewing patterning similar to certain orthosiine genera such as Perigrapha and Clavipalpula. Notably, the dark reddish-brown forewings with sharply contrasting pale markings, as seen in the new genus and these related genera, appear well adapted for camouflage against bark, leaf litter, and exposed soil in their habitats—potentially functioning as both background matching and disruptive coloration. To further assess its phylogenetic placement, we conducted a molecular analysis based on mitochondrial COI sequences (13 newly generated and 6 retrieved from BOLD/NCBI). The resulting maximum likelihood and Bayesian trees consistently support the monophyly of the new genus and reveal a close phylogenetic relationship with Orthosia, the type genus of Orthosiini. This integrative evidence strongly supports the recognition of Shoudus as a distinct lineage within Orthosiini.

The Central and Inner Asiatic Euxoa (Orosagrotis) subconspicua (Staudinger, 1888) species group is characterised. two new species, E. (O.) bogdoulorum (Mongolia) and E. (O.) shanduricola (Pakistan) spp. n. are described. The taxonomic identity of E. (O.) divulsa Corti, 1932 and E. (O.) subvaria Corti, 1932 is clarified as new synonyms of E. (O.) subconspicua (syn. n.); the lectotype of E. (O.) subconspicua is designated. The specific rank of E. (O.) determinata Corti, 1932 is re-instated; E. (O.) subconspicua kozhantshikovi Hacker, 1996 is elevated to species rank. All taxa of the species group and their genitalia are illustrated. Some phylogenetic and biogeographical features of the species group are discussed.

Semi-synthetic bisexual lures (SBL) based on the combination of synthetic attractant and red wine are widely used for monitoring noctuid moths because they attract both females and males and provide community-level information. However, their attractiveness is known to decline over time, and the mechanisms underlying lure ageing effects remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated how ageing alters the volatile profile of SBL and how these changes affect trap catches of target noctuids and non-target organisms in field conditions. Field trapping experiments compared fresh and four-week-old SBLs with a fully synthetic lure and unbaited controls during the main summer and autumn flight period. In parallel, the temporal changes in volatile emission were analyzed using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antennal responses of selected noctuid species and a non-target dipteran were explored using gas chromatography electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). Fresh SBL yielded the highest overall catches of Macroheteroceran moths but also attracted substantial numbers of non-target taxa. Ageing resulted in a marked decline in trap catches, together with pronounced shifts in volatile composition, characterized by the loss of short-chain esters and the relative enrichment of heavier compounds. Despite the reduced attractiveness, aged SBL continued to capture noctuid moths effectively, while non-target attraction was decreased. Community-level analysis showed no difference in Macroheteroceran species composition among lure types, indicating that ageing primarily affected activity levels rather than altering catch composition. Indicative GC-EAD recording revealed large overlapping antennal sensitivity to fermentation-related volatiles among tested noctuid species, suggesting that shared olfactory responses may contribute to the observed patterns. Together, these findings highlight opportunities to optimize bait replacement schedules and to develop more selective synthetic blends that balance trapping efficiency with reduced non-target by-catch.

The subgeneric division of the genus Euxoa is discussed; the subgenus Pleonectopoda and its major Eurasiatic lineages are characterised; the Ponto-Mediterranean – Iranian E. (P.) rjabovi species group is defined, four new species (kosswigi, matovi, michaelfibigeri and thomasbaroni spp. n.) are described; the lectotypes of E. rjabovi Kozhanchikov, 1929 and E. inclusa Corti, 1931 are designated; the taxonomic identity of Euxoa hilaris (Freyer, 1838) and E. conifera (Christoph, 1877) is clarified; E. uncarpa Kozhanchikov, 1929 is synonymised with E. conifera (syn. n.). All taxa of the E. (P.) rjabovi species group and their genitalia are illustrated.

The eastern Asiatic species of the Xylostola indistincta (Moore, 1882) species complex are revised and a new species, Xylostolajamesyoungi sp. nov. is described. The adults and the genitalia of both sexes are illustrated for three species: X. indistincta, X. jamesyoungi, and the AfricanX. punctum Berio, 1956. A lectotype is designated forX. indistincta.

Ctenoplusia psileia Dufay, 1975 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae), a very poorly known species from tropical Africa that has never been reported since its original description, is rediscovered, redescribed, and compared to the potentially closest taxa. Habitus of the species and male genitalia are illustrated for the first time.

The external genital appendages of Noctuidae represent correlated–coevolved elements of a complex structure. The pathways of changes are delimited by some constraints, and they are parallelly evolved in different phyletic lines. Asymmetrical male external genitalia were found in Hadenini, in Polia and its closely related genera, but also in Anarta (s. l.). In Poliina, the asymmetry of the genital capsule is mostly expressed in the Holarctic Polia nebulosa species group, forming the basal split within Polia (s. str.). Higher species diversity, as a consequence of asymmetry connected with the split of functions between the right and left sides, was observed in Polia (s. str.) and in Anarta (s. l.). The highest level of expansivity was observed in the Holarctic Anarta, where some species are migrating and becoming invasive ones, while a bulk of species populates the steppic and mountainous habitats of North America and Central Asia. Parallelly, while some genera/subgenera of the subtribe Poliina are oligotypic and/or consist of strictly localised species, the sensu stricto Polia species with asymmetrical genital capsules are widely distributed. The diversification of the Hadulina phylogenetic line should have been initiated by the Messinian aridisation crisis. The core area of diversification of Poliina was connected with the Sino-Himalayan region, followed by expansion into the Holarctic boreo-nemoral zone.

The forficula species group of the Holarctic genus Dichagyris is revised based on the survey of type specimens and relevant materials of state and private collections. D. turana (Staudinger, [1892]) stat. rev. and D. furiosa (Bang-Haas, 1912) stat. rev. are elevated to specific status and lectotypes are designated, D. forficula devota (Christoph, 1884) stat. rev. is downgraded to subspecies. The specific status of D. erubescens (Staudinger, [1892]) and D. contermina (Corti, 1930) is confirmed. The junior synonymy of D. devota eremica (Amsel, 1935) with D. forficula devota (Christoph, 1884) was constated. Seven new subspecies (D. forficula akdagestana ssp. n., D. forficula pseudoturana ssp. n., D. forficula chitralensis ssp. n., D. turana cisiliensis ssp. n., D. furiosa kugitanga ssp. n., D. furiosa griseoerythra ssp. n. and D. contermina melanographa ssp. n.) are described, with considerations on the phyletic lines and biogeography of the taxa of the D. forficula species complex. With 79 figures.

The "Valeria" dilutiapicata Filipjev species complex is revised and the new genus Ciboisia gen. n. is established for this enigmatic psaphidine group. Euplexia splendida Sugi, 1958 is transferred to Ciboisia and its taxonomic rank is clarified as a species distinct from C. dilutiapicata. A third species, C. vidlickai sp. n. from China, Shaanxi, is described. The moth and the genitalia of both sexes are illustrated for the three species.

The subgenus Megahadena Ronkay, Varga & Gyulai, 2002 of Eremohadena Ronkay, Varga & Fabian, 1995 is revised and a new species, E. (M.) peterschucherti sp. nov. from Pakistan, Baltistan, is described. The adults and the genitalia of both sexes are illustrated for all three species: E. (M.) rjabovi (Boursin, 1970), E. (M.) megaptera (Boursin, 1970), and the new species.

We studied the types of sensilla on the pectinated antennae of Ctenoceratoda species (Noctuinae, Hadenini) using scanning electron microscopy. These ultrastructures are described, illustrated and analysed in four distinct species groups of the genus. The group features distinguishing the four lineages of the genus and their taxonomic importance are discussed.

The supraspecific taxa of the Thalpophila generic complex are revised, a new genus Dandirania gen. n. and two new subgenera, Confectania subgen. n. and Wallaceania subgen n. are described. The genus Chlorothalpa Beck,1996) and its subgenus Subthalpa Beck, 1996 are reinstated from synonymy with Olivenebula Kishida and Yoshimoto, 1977. The western Palaearctic (European) species associated with Olivenebula are transferred to Chlorothalpa (comb. rev.). A new Chlorothalpa (Subthalpa) species, C. vargazoli sp. n.; a new Olivenebula species, O. (O.) stanegomboci sp. n. and a new subspecies O. (O.) oberthueri thomasbaroni ssp. n.; and two species and a new subspecies of Dandirania, D. (W.) sramkogabori sp. n., D. (W.) alfredrussellwallacei sp. n. and D. (D.) opulenta schreieri ssp. n. are described. Chlorothalpa (C.) graslini (Culot, 1913), Dandirania (D.) opulenta (Butler, 1889) and D. (W.) largeteaui (Oberthür, 1881) are upgraded to species level (stat. rev.).

We studied the types of sensilla on the pectinated antennae of Ctenoceratoda species (Noctuinae, Hadenini) using scanning electron microscopy. These ultrastructures are described, illustrated and analysed in four distinct species groups of the genus. The group features distinguishing the four lineages of the genus and their taxonomic importance are discussed.

The first Hungarian record of Eupteryx decemnotata Rey, 1891 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae), the Ligurian leafhopper, is based on specimens collected on herbs grown in balcony boxes, in Budapest, May 2021. Voucher specimens are deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum. The species is a potential horticultural pest exhibiting a rapid range expansion in many parts of the world.

The paper discusses the taxonomy of three East Asian Nola Leach, 1815 taxa, N. costimacula Staudinger, 1887, N. japonibia (Strand, 1920) and N. innocua Butler, 1880. We describe a new species N. galliphaga sp. nov. from Japan and South Korea and synonymize N. japonibia syn. nov. with N. costimacula. Type specimens, additional adults, and their genitalia are illustrated.

The Apamea fasciata (Leech, 1900) species complex is revised, five new species, A. norbertkeili (Nepal), A. stangelmaieri (Nepal), A. bernhardmayi (India, Khasis), A. ploessli (Taiwan) and A. ericmetzleri (Nepal) are described.

The taxonomically important characters and subgeneric subdivision of Dichagyris are presented with several historical and nomenclatural considerations. Subdivision of D. vallesiaca is revised based on the type material of the known subspecies. The D. psammochroa group is revised, with description of a new species, D. kurbatskyi from Kazakhstan, and one new subspecies, D. psammochroa kopetdaghimena from the Kopet-Dagh massif. The D. taftana group is revised, with the description of a new species (D. guentereberti from Afghanistan) and two new subspecies (D. taftana elborsasta and D. taftana safavida, from different areas of Iran). The eastern sister species of D. humilis, D. hypotacta from Afghanistan and Pakistan, is described. Major phylogenetic clades of Dichagyris s. str. are associated to western Palaearctic and/or Central Asiatic mountainous regions. Core areas of allopatric speciation of Dichagyris s. str. are discussed with taxonomic considerations and outlook on the subgenera Yigoga and Albocosta, as well.