Purpose: Recovery after exercise is a critical window for assessing cardiovascular regulation and medication effects. Because beta-blockers (BB) attenuate sympathetic activity, we hypothesized that hypertensive patients using BB would demonstrate greater hemodynamic attenuation during post-exercise recovery compared with those using angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Methods: Fifty adults with hypertension (19 on BB monotherapy and 31 on ARB monotherapy) underwent treadmill exercise testing with standardized blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) measurements at rest, peak exercise, and throughout a 6-minute recovery period. Results: Baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) was similar between groups (BB: 125 ± 2 mmHg vs. ARBs: 129 ± 2 mmHg, P = 0.2879). During recovery, BB users exhibited significantly lower SBP at all time points, including minute 6 (135 ± 10 vs. 143 ± 11 mmHg, P = 0.0157), with differences evident from minute 1 onward (P < 0.05 for all). The rate–pressure product at recovery minute 6 was also lower in the BB group (12,260 ± 732 vs. 14,500 ± 401 mmHg·beats/min, P = 0.0056). HR during recovery was consistently lower among BB users at minutes 1, 2, 4, and 6 (all P < 0.05), reflecting blunted sympathetic drive. Conclusions: Hypertensive patients treated with BB exhibit greater attenuation of cardiovascular stress during post-exercise recovery compared with those using ARBs. These findings support a medication-specific effect on recovery hemodynamics, likely mediated by sympathetic blockade, with potential implications for exercise testing interpretation and cardiovascular risk stratification.

Background: Cerebrovascular diseases due to syphilis are frequent, especially in populations of developing countries. However, studies in high prevalence populations are scarce and do not have robust analyses on the relationship between syphilis and clinical outcomes. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the presence of syphilis in stroke patients, their characteristics and clinical outcomes. Methods: Main databases like Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Scielo, LILACS, Cochrane, Google Scholar and African Journals Online were searched for observational studies from the inception until December 31st 2025. Quality of cohort and case-control studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) whilst that of cross-sectional studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. The GRADE system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence and the strength of health recommendations. Findings: A total of 3,594 articles were identified. After exclusion 15 studies including 30,556 patients in the non-syphilis group and 25,997 were analysed. The majority of the included subjects were men, in the fifth decade of life. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, were more frequently observed in the non-syphilis group. Patients with syphilis had a higher risk of stroke (risk ratio: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.11-1.83). Interpretation: Syphilis was associated with an increased risk of stroke in this meta-analysis, suggesting that it may act as an independent cerebrovascular risk factor. However, the available evidence is limited by heterogeneity, predominantly observational designs, and inconsistent diagnostic definitions, warranting cautious interpretation and further prospective investigation.

BACKGROUND:Dietary sodium reduction and potassium enrichment are recommended non-pharmacological strategies for blood pressure (BP) control; however, randomized evidence evaluating potassium-enriched salt substitutes specifically in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RAH) remains limited. METHODS:We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot trial including adults with RAH. Participants were assigned to receive either a potassium-enriched salt substitute (approximately 50% sodium chloride and 50% potassium chloride) or regular salt for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in change in 24-h systolic BP assessed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The primary analyses used an available-case approach (completers) to prioritize analytical rigor, with intention-to-treat and sensitivity analyses assessing robustness. Between-group comparisons were utilized to control for regression to the mean and white-coat variability. RESULTS:Among 60 randomized participants, 49 completed valid baseline and follow-up ABPM assessments (23 intervention, 26 control). At 24 weeks, patients assigned to potassium-enriched salt exhibited a directionally greater reduction in 24-h systolic blood pressure compared with the control group, resulting in a between-group difference of -2.47 mmHg (95% CI -4.93 to 0.00; P = 0.05). A similar directional pattern was observed for diastolic blood pressure. Office blood pressure measurements showed greater variability and less consistent between-group differences over time. Urinary potassium excretion increased in the intervention group, whereas changes in urinary sodium excretion were modest. No cases of clinically relevant hyperkalemia or serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS:In this randomized pilot trial, the use of a potassium-enriched salt substitute was safe and associated with modest, directionally greater reductions in ambulatory BP compared with regular salt in patients with RAH. These findings support the feasibility and safety of potassium-enriched salt substitution as a pragmatic adjunctive strategy for blood pressure management in patients with resistant hypertension.

BACKGROUND:Systematic Reviews (SRs) rigorously synthesize findings on a theme, but some articles with this design are redundant due to errors and conflicts. Meta-research aims to rigorously analyze research, assessing SRs' methodological quality and result reliability. This study evaluates SRs' overall quality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on chronic non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) and key modifiable risk factors, using assessment tools. METHODS:A search strategy was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, (via Elsevier), Cochrane Library, and Grey Literature for published studies from January 1, 2014 - April 5, 2024. SRs addressing the association between at least one of the four most important modifiable behavioral risk factors (tobacco use, inadequate diet, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity) and chronic NCDs in populations classified as LMICs according to the 'World Bank list of countries' were included. The selected studies were imported into the EndNote 20 software and analyzed using a form for the extraction of their main data and four tools were chosen to assess each of the most important domains of scientific evidence: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for article writing; Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) for intervention description; A Measurement Tool for Evaluating Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) for methodological assessment; and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) for certainty of evidence. RESULTS:Nine studies were included in this analysis. The average Overall Score on the PRISMA 2020 checklist was 13.5 for articles published before 2020 and 25.67 for those published after 2020. TIDieR analysis revealed complete correspondence (100%) for item 'Brief Name', while other items, like 'Why' (89%), and 'What', 'Who Provided', and 'How' (78%), were partially met but significantly so. Regarding AMSTAR-2 criteria, only one study fulfilled all critical items, meeting item 7 by providing a detailed list of excluded studies and justifying each exclusion motive. Additionally, among critical items applicable to multiple articles, only item 11 was consistently fulfilled by all studies. In the final classification, one article achieved a moderate quality rating, three were critically low quality, and five had low quality among the nine evaluated articles. In the GRADE tool evaluation, limitations resulted in estimations for only 19 outcomes and 8 intervention-exposure sets. CONCLUSION:The results demonstrated that the writing of recent scientific articles meets most of the PRISMA 2020 criteria, with a checklist being the most used tool. Interventions and exposure were also very well reported, with the TIDieR checklist not being cited in any study as a guiding tool. AMSTAR-2 revealed a methodological approach of varied quality, mainly low and critically low. The GRADE approach classified the certainty of the evidence as generally very low. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage adherence to these approaches to improve the methodological quality in SR studies on chronic NCDs and behavioral factors in LMICs.

Background/Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder frequently associated with metabolic and inflammatory disturbances. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, pomegranate juice has been proposed as a potential adjunctive therapy in managing PCOS. To evaluate the effects of pomegranate juice on hormonal, inflammatory, and lipid parameters and body mass index (BMI) in women with PCOS. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searches were performed in electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase from inception to July 2025, using keywords and MeSH terms related to “polycystic ovary syndrome” and “pomegranate juice” without language restrictions. The primary outcomes were changes in serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid profile parameters (HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol), and body mass index (BMI). Results: Four RCTs published between 2020 and 2023, encompassing 128 women with PCOS, were included. The meta-analysis revealed significant reductions in testosterone (MD: −0.05; 95% CI: −0.07 to −0.03; p < 0.0001; I2 = 0%, two studies, 85 participants) and hs-CRP (SMD: −0.85; 95% CI: −1.35 to −0.35; p = 0.0009; I2 = 20%, two studies, 85 participants), along with increases in HDL (MD: 6.21; 95% CI: 2.43 to 10.00; p = 0.001; I2 = 0%, two studies, 85 participants) and reductions in triglycerides (MD: −23.30; 95% CI: −45.19 to −1.42; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%, two studies, 85 participants). No significant changes were observed in LH, LDL, total cholesterol, or BMI. Conclusions: Pomegranate juice demonstrates promising effects as an adjunctive intervention in women with PCOS, improving androgen levels, inflammatory markers, and certain lipid parameters. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Introduction: Ventricular arrhythmias may lead to sudden cardiac death and, when occurring during the recovery phase after exercise testing, are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Aim: To investigate the association between psychosocial stress and the risk of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) during the recovery phase after treadmill testing in asymptomatic individuals. Methods: A total of 282 asymptomatic adults underwent treadmill testing. Participants were categorized into a stress-present group (+S, n = 176) or a stress-absent group (-S, n = 106) based on their self-reported psychosocial stress levels. Inclusion criteria included exercising for at least 6 min and reaching at least 85% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate. Exclusion criteria comprised pre-exercise VAs, unreadable ECGs, chronic medication use, systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure ≥110 mmHg. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05987891). Results: Compared to the -S group, the +S group had a higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.0025); 26.5 (23.9; 29.0) and larger waist circumference (p = 0.0001); 95 (86; 103), and reported lower physical activity levels (p = 0.0004). Notably, only psychosocial stress and BMI were statistically associated with PVCs during the recovery phase, immediately following the stress test. For each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the risk of PVCs decreased by 9%. Participants reporting psychosocial stress had a 9.03-fold higher risk of PVCs compared to those who did not report stress. Conclusions: Self-reported psychosocial stress significantly increases the risk of PVC occurrence during the recovery phase of treadmill exercise testing in asymptomatic individuals. These findings may support the development of improved PVC detection strategies and enhance cardiovascular risk assessment in clinical settings.

A graphical summary of the deleterious effects of increasing body mass index (BMI) on cardiac structure and function. The most extreme effects were observed amongst the obese and morbidly obese patients, as well as with greater duration of exposure to high BMI. This image was generated using ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA). DF, diastolic function; EF, ejection fraction; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diastolic diameter; GLP-1ra, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; LMV, left ventricular mass; MCF, myocardial contraction fraction; RWT, relative wall thickness.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Exergames or active video games are digital platforms with functionality associated with body movement, which dialogue with improving physical activity levels, stimulating pleasure in practice and adherence to change habits, physically active behavior, and better quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the contribution of exergame to Body Mass Index, physical activity level, glycemic control, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. Methods: This is a systematic review, reported following the PRISMA writing recommendations, without language restrictions, for articles indexed in the following databases: MEDLINE / PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs. Data extraction was performed analogously in a spreadsheet previously tested and standardized. The assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies was carried out by the RoB 1.0 tool in all of its domains in duplicate of reviewers. Initially, 3.039 studies were found. Results: The studies cover a total of 526 adolescents aged ten to 19. The most used platform in the studies was the Nintendo Wii, followed by the PlayStation, Xbox 360, and Dance Dance Revolution. The results indicated that interventions using exergames were effective for changing BMI, but there was no evidence on cardiovascular outcomes, with no effective changes in glycemic control and blood pressure and a significant response (p <0.05) in cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion: The exergame points to satisfactory results in improving health and can be incorporated as a relevant public policy in the adolescent health promotion. (PROSPERO Registration CRD42020181772). Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Rapid diagnostic tools are crucial for timely intervention, especially in high-risk groups such as truck drivers. In Brazil, the Mission® test uniquely offers test strips for simultaneous measurement of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This study evaluates the accuracy of the Mission® analyzer compared to laboratory testing for HDL-C, TG, and TC in truck drivers. A blinded cross-sectional study was conducted among truck drivers aged 30-64 in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Spearman correlation, linear regression, and the Bland-Altman analyses were employed to compare lipid profile results between the Mission® analyzer and laboratory methods. A total of 108 samples were analyzed. For HDL, the Mission® analyzer showed a sensitivity of 0.88, a specificity of 0.67, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.68-0.86). For TG, sensitivity and specificity were 0.96 and 0.98, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-1.0). For TC, the AUC was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79-0.95). Bland-Altman analysis revealed biases of -4.5 for HDL, 12.4 for TC, and -42.8 for TG between Mission® and laboratory results. The Mission® analyzer demonstrates good accuracy for rapid dyslipidemia diagnosis and Framingham Global Risk Score calculation. It is a valuable tool for initial screening and risk assessment, confirmation with laboratory testing is recommended for definitive diagnosis and treatment planning.

BACKGROUND:Cerebrovascular accident (or stroke) and ischemic heart disease are the the major causes of death in the world. It is estimated that about 85% of strokes are ischemic in origin. Reperfusion therapy in the acute phase of ischemic stroke with a recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator is effective, but some factors influence the success of this treatment.OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical aspects and possible determinants for reperfusion after venous thrombolysis.METHODS:This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study based on a review of hospital records of inpatients diagnosed with ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis, the main outcome being reperfusion or not.RESULTS:Data from this study revealed a predominance of females in the group of reperfused patients and males in the non-reperfused group, both maintaining moderate severity on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and admission without statistical significance (p>0.18). In addition, the mean admission severity score was 13.2 for the group of reperfused patients and 14.2 for those not reperfused, and the mean ejection fraction of both groups was within normal functionality, with a mean of 0.50 for reperfused patients and 0.62 for non-reperfused patients.CONCLUSION:We found an association between successful venous chemical thrombolysis reperfusion and lower mortality in patients with acute stroke.

Background: Systemic arterial hypertension is a multicausal and multifactorial disease of high prevalence worldwide. The development, progression, and damage of target organs are associated not only with genetic and environmental factors, but also epigenetic factors, such as the regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs – including miRNA-1-3p, miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-126-5p have been described as potential biomarkers in hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity, but their role of in the development and progression of the disease has been little explored. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of these three miRNAs in the serum of hypertensive, diabetic and obese patients compared with a healthy group and correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: Using RT-qPCR, the expression of miRNA-1-3p, miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-126-5p was analyzed in the serum of 50 participants, control (n = 8), hypertensive only (n = 21), hypertensive in association with diabetes and obesity (n = 21). Results: The expression of miRNA-126-5p was significantly high in the hypertensive group when compared to the control group (p= 0.0170), however there was no statistical difference when compared to the hypertensive, diabetic and obese group. MiRNA-1-3p and miRNA-21-5p showed no statistical differences between groups. The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of miRNA-126-5p with creatinine and a negative correlation with platelets. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that miRNA-126-5p is overexpressed in the serum of hypertensive patients, and may have a potential as a biomarker of early target kidney injury.

Psycho-cardiology research is evolving rapidly, with new insights and discoveries emerging all the time. It explores the intricate connections between mental/psychological disorders and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Negative emotions such as depression, stress, burnout, anxiety, panic syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, and fear of disease progression are highly prevalent in CVD patients, which are continuously diminishing the prognosis of heart/mental issues. This issue aims to develop a comprehensive view and add novel perspectives of psycho-cardiology, then lead to better lives for patients worldwide. Heart and Mind is privileged to have Randall Stafford as the spotlight guest. During the interview, Prof. Stafford highlighted the role of disease prevention and its implementation on a population basis. Prevention approaches, also known as mind–body strategies, include physical activity, good sleep, healthy diet, weight management, stress control, etc. He believes that these approaches are not only essential in the prevention period, but also when disease occurs despite prevention efforts. In the treatment, the health approaches in an intensive way are even more pivotal as they may reduce disease progression. This spotlight article is entitled “In Conversation with Randall Stafford: Global and Personal Prevention Strategies and Lifestyle Choices that Exemplify Healthy Living.” Nana Jin et al. provided an article entitled “Multiomics on Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia: A Narrative Review.” It introduced that multiomics techniques can help doctors understand complex diseases in a molecular perspective, which integrates multiple layers of biological data such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. The authors focused on the application of multiomics approaches to the study of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI). In conclusion, they acknowledged the potential benefits of such an application and advocated for more research on MSIMI to develop more effective treatment options. In the article entitled “Updates on Prognostication of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Literature Review,” Priyanka Arya et al. presented a comprehensive view of the prognostication of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC). They summarized that different types of TTC triggers, sex, cardiogenic shock, atrial arrhythmias, etc., can all significantly impact outcomes of TTC. In addition, primary forms of TTC have a more favorable prognosis compared to the secondary ones. The authors claimed that early interventions to these risk factors could bring in better subsequent clinical courses. Sarah T. Clarke et al. provided a paper entitled “Conceptualizing Fear of Progression in Cardiac Patients: Advancing our Understanding of the Psychological Impact of Cardiac Illness.” The article aimed to develop an initial conceptualization of Fear of Progression (FoP) in cardiac patients, providing preliminary evidence of the rates of fear and associated distress in this population. A mixed methods approach in two inter-related studies has been used. The authors concluded that drawing on this conceptualization, unique measurement tools and interventions should be developed to identify and address FoP in cardiac patients. Léonie Sohier et al. contributed a study entitled “Prevalence of Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canadians with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.” This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and co-occurrence rates of mood and anxiety disorders in the general adult population living with CVD. It highlighted the elevated prevalence and consequences of mood and anxiety disorders in the presence of CVD. It showed that adults with CVD are more vulnerable to anxiety and mood disorders occurring together than to either disorder alone. Therefore, identifying and managing these disorders early on can lead to better outcomes and efficient utilization of resources in this group of patients. An article entitled “Concept: Electrical Cardiac Stimulation is Detected by the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System with Possible Effects on the Vasovagal Reflex” was provided by Richard Sutton and J. Gert Van Dijk. They described a novel concept, which concerns that the possible effect of right ventricular pacing stimulation is detected by the cardiac autonomic nervous system and through its afferent neuronal connection to the central autonomic nervous system (spinal cord) causing reversal or attenuation of the vasovagal reflex. It is thought that any effect of cardiac pacing on the vasovagal reflex may vary between patients, stimulation sites, and timing of stimulation. Evidence has shown that pacing already has a place in the therapy of vasovagal syncope and its place could expand even among younger patients who could receive VVI leadless devices protecting them from lead failures. In a nutshell, this issue explores multiple facets of psycho-cardiology and serves as an amplified resource for further studies. We are grateful to all of these experts for their unwavering support and excellent contributions. Author contributions Leonardo Roever developed the concept and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Qingshan Geng and Meiyan Liu contributed to preparing and editing of the manuscript. Each author reviewed the manuscript and has given final approval for the current version to be published.

RESUMO Introdução: Exergames ou vídeo games ativos são plataformas digitais com funcionalidade associada ao movimento corporal, que dialogam com a melhora dos níveis de atividade física, estimulando o prazer na prática e a adesão à mudança de hábitos, comportamento ativo e melhor qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo sintetizar as evidências disponíveis sobre a contribuição do exergame para o Índice de Massa Corporal, nível de atividade física, controle glicêmico, pressão arterial e aptidão cardiorrespiratória em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, relatada seguindo as recomendações de redação do PRISMA, sem restrição de idioma, para artigos indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE / PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library e Lilacs. A extração dos dados foi realizada de forma análoga em planilha previamente testada e padronizada. A avaliação do risco de viés nos estudos incluídos foi realizada pela ferramenta RoB 1.0 em todos os seus domínios em duplicata de revisores. Inicialmente, foram encontrados 3.039 estudos. Resultados: Os estudos abrangeram um total de 526 adolescentes de dez a 19 anos. A plataforma mais utilizada nos estudos foi o Nintendo Wii, seguido do PlayStation, Xbox 360 e Dance Dance Revolution. Os resultados indicaram que as intervenções com exergames foram eficazes para alterar o IMC, mas não houve evidências sobre os desfechos cardiovasculares, sem alterações eficazes no controle glicêmico e na pressão arterial e uma resposta significativa (p <0,05) na aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Conclusão: O exergame aponta resultados satisfatórios na melhoria da saúde e pode ser incorporado como uma política pública relevante na promoção da saúde do adolescente. (Registro PROSPERO CRD42020181772). Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

EDITORIAL article Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 06 March 2024Sec. Cardio-Oncology Volume 11 - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2024.1377749

EDITORIAL article Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 09 May 2024Sec. Cardioneurology Volume 11 - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2024.1408616

Given the health and social needs generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais, Brazil, implemented a teleconsultation and telemonitoring program to assist patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, the TeleCOVID-MG program. The telemonitoring service was conducted by medical students, under the supervision of a physician. The main goal of this study was to analyze the experience of the students while collaborating on the aforementioned telemonitoring program. A questionnaire with 27 questions was developed to address the participation of the students in the telehealth program. The questionnaire included questions about the student’s profile, the system usability, and the satisfaction in participating in such a telehealth program. The questionnaire was generated on Google Forms® platform and sent via email to each student who was part of the telemonitoring team. Sixty students were included in the analysis (median age 25 years-old [interquartile range 24–26], 70

Background: Whether yoga is effective in the cardiac rehabilitation of people with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yoga intervention on psychological symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and major cardiovascular risk factors in people with CAD. Methods: We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (from the earliest date available to July 2023). Mean difference (MD), standardized MD (SMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: Seventeen studies, with 5,698 patients, met the study criteria. Compared to control (no exercise), yoga resulted in improved depression MD −0.83 (95% CI: −1.35 to −0.31), stress MD −3.83 (95% CI: −4.8 to 2.86), HRQoL SMD 1.48 (95% CI: 0.55 to 2.4), major cardiovascular risk factors (peak VO 2 MD 1.7 mL/kg/min [95% CI: 0.2 to 3.3], systolic blood pressure MD −3.2 mmHg [95% CI: −5.9 to −0.5], and diastolic blood pressure MD −2.42 mmHg [95% CI: −4.08 to −0.76]). Conclusions: Yoga was effective in the improvement of psychological symptoms, HRQoL, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Purpose: To evaluate the profile of graduates of the Postgraduate Program (PGP) in Cardiology of a public federal university, according to sociodemographic factors and professional trajectory. Methods: The variables were collected from databases from the observed institution and digital platforms. The analysis of differences between the various levels of degrees was carried out in three cohorts: the entire historical series (graduates from 1978-2021), the first 20 years (1978-1997) and the second 20 years (1998-2018). Results:The The results demonstrated that most students from the PGP completed a PhD and are men over 30 years old, they came from public universities and the Southeast region. In the first 20 years, significant differences were observed in the distribution of masters and doctors working professionally at the institution analyzed, as well as in the age of the students. In the 20 years of the second half, there were differences between masters and PhD working professionally in the institution itself, as they came from private universities, they are women and PhD. Conclusion: The changes in the profile of masters and PhD that graduated from this PGP in cardiology reflect transformations that occurred in the job market and academy over the decades.