This article provides a coherent and detailed synthesis of how cultural goods have been integrated into economic analysis, reviewing key works in the history of economic thought. It highlights the use of common examples between Robbins in 1944 and Baumol and Bowen in 1966 to expand the definition of economic goods to services and argue for the necessity of state intervention in the performing arts. It analyzes the restricted perception of economic goods by prominent economists, the unique characteristics of cultural goods, and redefines the concept of leisure as time dedicated to activities without market substitutes. This historical and analytical approach allows for a better understanding of the inclusion of arts and culture within the economic framework, showing its evolution from a marginal to an essential perspective within modern economic theory.

Among the major Colombian cities, Cartagena de Indias exhibits the lowest book reading habit. This paper empirically analyses the factors associated with book reading as a form of cultural participation between 2011 and 2019. We evaluate the role of traditional and local variables in individual decisions to read, using microdata from the Cartagena Como Vamos (CCV) program toestimate a pseudo panel that models reading habit persistence. Book reading behaves atypically in relation to age and income. In addition to the effects of local variables, such as stratification, poverty, and socialcapital, time availability notoriously restricts the possibilities of enjoying reading.

Frente a la arcaica visión de entender las distintas disciplinas desde el aislamiento más radical, este estudio busca aproximarse a la película Viridiana (Buñuel 1961) utilizando herramientas propias de la ciencia económica, combinando el arte y la economía. Se pretende abordar la película desde un enfoque racional y lógico de las decisiones que en ella se toman para complementar los estudios ya existentes desde el campo audiovisual. La metodología de análisis sigue el modelo de sanción de Cournot-Nash, característico de la teoría de juegos, en el que se presenta el problema de decisión al que deben enfrentarse distintos participantes con los distintos criterios para tomar una decisión. Para ello, primero se plantea el pacto desde el enfoque de la teoría del consumidor y, a continuación, se procede a analizar el sentido que guarda el incumplimiento de este, materializado en la celebración del banquete que en la película acontece. También se completa el análisis añadiendo los papeles que la probabilidad y la curva de aprendizaje juegan en la toma de decisiones. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados de dicha decisión, concluyendo que las decisiones narrativas que acontecen en la película guardan sentido económico. Con ello, se ha contribuido al estudio económico del contenido de obras culturales, ampliando esta línea de investigación interdisciplinar para lograr un enfoque más integrador e interdisciplinar.

The monitoring and evaluation of R&I policies relies on quantitative and qualitative methods with important methodological shortcomings. Quantitative assessments rely on standardized indicators that do not capture context-specific challenges, while qualitative approaches lack comparability. Both approaches are complementary but not always analyzed in combination, thereby considerably limiting their validity. In this study, we propose an alternative approach by using semantic analysis to analyze the large body of evidence available in the 189 annual country- specific qualitative assessments developed between 2011 and 2019 for all EU Member States in the European Commission's ERAWATCH and RIO reports. We show that the semantic analysis of recurrent qualitative reviews of R&I policies can overcome the limitations of both quantitative scoreboards and ad hoc qualitative reviews, by taking into account country-specific challenges while allowing comparisons across countries. In our analysis, we first identify the main R&I challenges highlighted in all EU countries. Secondly, we focus on a set of four EU Member States to identify structural commonalities and contextual differences across countries. Finally, we focus on the case of Spain to compare the findings from the ERAWATCH and RIO reports with the European Innovation Scoreboard as the main quantitative assessment instrument used in the EU to assess Member States' R&I performance. By showing that semantic analysis of recurrent and cross-country qualitative assessments of EU R&I policies provide a clear added value to the understanding of the main challenges faced in this field, we recommend the creation of a renewed EU research and innovation observatory.

Faced with the archaic vision of understanding the different disciplines from the most radical isolation, this study seeks to approximate the Viridiana film (Bunuel 1961) using tools specific to economic science, combining art and economics. It is intended to address the decisions made in the film from a rational and logical approach to complement existing studies from the audiovisual field. The analysis methodology follows the Cournot-Nash sanction model, characteristic of game theory, which presents the decision problem faced by different participants with different criteria to make a decision. For this purpose, first, the pact to focus from the consumer theory point of view is proposed, and then, the meaning of non-compliance with it is analysed, and materialized in the celebration of the banquet that occurs in the film. The analysis is also completed by adding the roles that probability and the learning curve play in decision -making. Finally, the results of that decision are presented, concluding that the narrative decisions that occur in the film make economic sense. With this, a contribution to the economic study of the content of cultural works has been made, expanding this line of interdisciplinary research to achieve a more integrative and interdisciplinary approach.

This article determines the factors that influence the illegal electronic books download in Spain. Firstly, through the review of the existing literature, a survey is conducted on the consumption habits of electronic books and other series of questions related to social and psychological factors on noncompliance with the law. Secondly, the mentioned survey was carried out to 404 consumers for the construction of an ad hoc database. Afterwards, a binomial econometric model is used with these data. The results indicate that the social environment and the crime neutralization mechanisms play a fundamental role in the probability of incurring in the illegal download of electronic books. Other factors such as the perception of the risk of being sanctioned or persecuted are not significant. The article contributes, with data, to the potential design of policies related to piracy within the book sector.

La transferencia tecnológica (TT) es fundamental para fomentar la innovación y, por ende, el desarrollo económico y social de los países. En este estudio, se busca identificar los principales determinantes de la TT en México. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas con 24 directores y/o responsables de Oficinas de Transferencia Tecnológica (OTT) de Instituciones de Educación Superior Públicas (IESP), cuyo contenido se analizó utilizando Atlas ti. Los resultados revelaron 22 determinantes de la TT, que pueden agruparse en tres categorías: institucional, gubernamental y sector productivo. Este enfoque integral permite comprender la complejidad de la TT en México e identificar los desafíos a los que se enfrenta. Este estudio cualitativo proporciona valiosa información para los encargados de tomar decisiones en el ámbito de la TT.

Este artículo examina los resultados de una investigación sobre el impacto socioeconómico del empleo en la Región Enriquillo, influenciado por proyectos de desarrollo impulsados por la Universidad Católica Tecnológica de Barahona (UCATEBA) en el suroeste de la República Dominicana. Utilizando métodos de análisis lógico-deductivo, síntesis y técnicas estadísticas basadas en datos secundarios, se analizaron las condiciones laborales de la región. A pesar de los impactos positivos de los proyectos, las condiciones generales de empleo permanecen bajas. Esto resalta la necesidad de un análisis profundo de las perspectivas laborales en la República Dominicana para lograr una comprensión completa del fenómeno. El estudio también presenta un análisis detallado de casos específicos, concluyendo con informes sobre las tipologías empleadas en la formulación y ejecución de dichos proyectos.

In the last decade, social innovation has emerged as a multidisciplinary solution to address various social issues. This study employs a methodology that combines literature review and interviews with experts in social innovation. As a result, 17 main impact areas were identified, categorized into three blocks: economic, global, and social. Most notably, these areas are significantly related to all Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This suggests that social innovation has notable potential as a facilitating tool for achieving the SDGs, highlighting its importance in the pursuit of effective solutions to global challenges in sustainable development. Resumen En la última década, la innovación social ha surgido como solución multidisciplinar para abordar diversos problemas sociales. Este estudio emplea una metodología que combina la revisión de la literatura y entrevistas con expertos en innovación social. Como resultado, se identificaron 17 áreas de impacto principales, clasificadas en tres bloques: económico, global y social. Lo más notable es que estas áreas están significativamente relacionadas con todos los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Esto sugiere que la innovación social tiene un notable potencial como herramienta facilitadora para la consecución de los ODS, destacando su importancia en la búsqueda de soluciones eficaces a los retos globales del desarrollo sostenible. Palabras clave: tercer sector; innovación; análisis cualitativo; impacto social; ODS; desarrollo sostenible. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir.23-2.1

Despite a relative early attention, it was already well into the twentieth century when Schumpeter tried to reintroduce the question of technological change in economic analysis, without much success then, since this field would be dominated for decades by the vision of the Neoclassical synthesis of Kaldor and Solow. The response to the Neoclassical growth model at the end of the twentieth century came from its treatment of two increasingly relevant variables—human capital and technology—and its impossibility to explain the patterns of convergence between countries. Among the main currents that focus on the inclusion of technology as a variable, the New Growth Theory approach stands out, with the combination of knowledge creation and technology as a driver of development and the systemic approach to innovation initiated by Freeman, within the framework of Industrial Economics and an evolutionary perspective that considers these elements endogenous to the economic system. This chapter analyses the echo of Schumpeterian thought in the new paradigm of technological change, which can be interpreted as a return to the origins of this branch of economic analysis.

Over the last decades, most EU countries have profoundly reshaped their public research funding systems by shifting from traditional institutional block-funding towards more project-based mechanisms. The main rationale underlying this evolution builds on the assumption that project funding would foster research performance through the introduction of competitive allocation mechanisms. In contrast with the general increase of project funding, evidence is mixed regarding a positive effect of competitive funding mechanisms on research performance, as some studies find a positive impact, other a negative one or no impact. Differences also appear across studies regarding research actors, funding streams, and research outputs considered. This article integrates these different approaches through a multilevel design gathering funding inputs for 10 countries and 148 universities between 2011 and 2019 and assesses their impact on the quantity and quality of publications. Results highlight no impact of national and university-level competitive funding mechanisms on universities highly cited publications and no clear effect on the quantity of publications.

In the last decade, social innovation has emerged as a multidisciplinary solution to address various social issues. This study employs a methodology that combines literature review and interviews with experts in social innovation. As a result, 17 main impact areas were identified, categorized into three blocks: economic, global, and social. Most notably, these areas are significantly related to all Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This suggests that social innovation has notable potential as a facilitating tool for achieving the SDGs, highlighting its importance in the pursuit of effective solutions to global challenges in sustainable development.

The main goal of this research is to analyze how the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) audience perceives the competition's impact on the LGBT community and to identify whether being part of the ESC fandom conditions that perception. Most of the existing research on the topic uses a qualitative approach and focuses on a specific audience profile; however, this study adopts a quantitative approach conducted in an exploratory manner and focuses on general audience perceptions, identifying differences among them based on age, gender, sexual orientation, and especially involvement with the contest, analyzing the role that being a fan can play. Utilizing a sample of 238 individuals, the research mainly concludes that the contest audience perceives the ESC as favoring merely the visibility of the LGBT collective; however, highly involved fans perceive not only that visibility but also a greater contribution of the ESC to the defense and acceptance of the rights associated with the LGBT community.

Los estudios de participación cultural tienden a concentrar su enfoque en el análisis de las variables socioeconómicas o la disponibilidad de infraestructuras, dejando en un segundo plano variables de carácter idiosincrático como el interés manifestado o la predisposición a participar. Empleando los datos de la Encuesta de Hábitos y Prácticas Culturales de España 2018-2019, y mediante la modelización con mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO), se busca estudiar los pesos de las variables socioeconómicas clásicas, así como las diferentes variables que componen el capital cultural dado su carácter aditivo en el desarrollo del interés. Los principales resultados obtenidos presentan al capital cultural como el componente más determinante en la formación del interés, siendo la lectura en la infancia la que presenta el mayor impacto. Destaca también la posible existencia de transferencia intergeneracional del interés, al presentar un mayor peso entre las variables la participación de los padres que la del propio sujeto durante la infancia.

As Bagus and Howden (2010) highlighted, one of the paths to achieve a more fruitful understanding of the business cycle involves examining saving as a heterogeneous analytical category. The aim of this paper is to continue this line of inquiry using the capital-based framework developed by Garrison (2001). This paper contributes to the literature by studying the impact of heterogenous savings on economic growth and business cycles in a capital-based macroeconomics framework. With this aim the implications of disaggregated saving is analysed by means of the differential market signals that are generated by cash-build savings (Pătruți, 2017) and loanable funds accessible through the credit markets.

The link between fiscal progressivity and subjective well-being at global level is an issue that has hardly been considered in the literature on the Economics of Happiness. Oishi et al. (2012) is almost the only work in this field, and they concluded that those countries which had more progressive income tax systems were also happier. Our work use their definition of progressivity as the difference between the upper and lower marginal rate on income, in order to prove its relationship with subjective well-being (SWB), but we have observed that such indicator is not very significant for a sample of 111 countries. Besides, we conclude that the fact that a country's maximum income tax rate is high turns out to have a strong influence on the declared subjective well-being of its citizens. One possible explanation for it could be that they are countries with a high GDP per capita in which disposable income after taxes remains high. However, it must be taken into account that in our work we have managed to isolate the influences that the GDP per capita variable could have using the principal component analysis method.

Studies on cultural participation tend to focus on the analysis of either socioeconomic variables or the availability of infrastructure. This emphasis overlooks the study of idiosyncratic elements such as manifest interest or predisposition to participate. This research uses the data gathered by the Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices of Spain 2018-2019 and econometric modeling through ordinary least-squares (OLS) in order to examine both the typical socioeconomic variables and the different constitutive elements of cultural capital which take an important role in the development of personal interest. The main results show the cultural capital as the most decisive factor in the development of personal interest; specifically, reading during the childhood stage as the component with the greater impact. Furthermore, it also highlights the possibility of intergenerational transfer of personal interest due to a higher determining value of parent's participation instead of the own person's involvement during childhood.

espanolEste trabajo, sobre el nivel de competencia existente en el sector de los servicios profesionales y los efectos que, sobre el mismo, tienen las politicas de promocion de la competencia, advierte de la excesiva regulacion y el escaso nivel de competencia que caracteriza al sector. Ademas, se observa como las politicas de promocion de la competencia han abanderado cambios normativos tendentes a dificultar el desarrollo de conductas anticompetitivas. Sin embargo, siguen existiendo restricciones injustificadas a la competencia que hacen necesario reforzar las politicas de promocion de la competencia y de mejora de la regulacion en este ambito. EnglishThis research, about the level of competition in the professional services sector and the effects that competition advocacy policies have on it, warns of excessive regulation and the low level of competition that characterizes the sector. Furthermore, it is appreciated how the competition advocacy have led to changes in the regulations tending to avoid the development of anti-competitive behaviours. However, unjustified restrictions on competition still exist. So, it is necessary to reinforce the competition advocacy policies and the Better Regulation in this area.

The empirical analysis of individual participation in local and popular feasts and festivals is a field little explored by cultural economists. This article proposes a methodological scheme to analyse the profile of the participants in local and popular feasts and carnivals, allowing the establishment of a taxonomy that captures the heterogeneity of the participants replicable to other festivities and carnivals around the world. Similarly, participation equations that allow the analysis of the influence of context variables on individual decisions to participate in these types of events are estimated. For this, the Carnival of Barranquilla, the largest and most representative popular celebration in Colombia and declared by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, is used as a case study. The data were obtained from the Citizen Perception Survey of the Barranquilla Cómo Vamos programme, which evaluates the quality of life and the fulfilment of development plans in that city, and an empirical strategy is employed consisting of the estimation of a probit discrete choice model, which allows modelling the individual decisions of a time-intensive good, such as a carnival, with a strong influence of traditional variables, such as cultural capital and the availability of leisure time, and other context variables: location of people in the territory, stratification and poverty. The different profiles found offer information on the different strategies that can be implemented from public policy to stimulate greater participation by the population in popular festivities and festivals.