Thailand has been at the core of the Asian Values debate since the 1992 World Conference on Human Rights. Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP) is a concept developed by the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej to consolidate his approach to governance and development. Integrating values borrowed from Theravada Buddhism such as benevolence, emphasis on the middle way and on the public good. This article explores the development of SEP focussing on the role of values and leadership styles. SEP provides evidence of an Asian value-oriented inclusive leadership style, which is practiced in both the private and the public sectors. A model of SEP as a management style is presented and subjected to critical analysis.

El presente artículo explora el papel del movimiento de los "malos estudiantes" en las protestas a favor de la democracia en Tailandia. Los problemas locales, como el plan de estudios de estudios sociales, los uniformes escolares y las medidas disciplinarias en el sistema de escuelas públicas, son presentados por el Movimiento de “Malos Estudiantes” como una cuestión de derechos humanos. El discurso utilizado por el Grupo se desmonta para identificar algunos de los problemas planteados por el uso del lenguaje más amplio de los derechos humanos para desafiar las costumbres y normas del sistema educativo tailandés.

The instability of liberal democracies both in Europe and in the Americans partly brought about by the COVID-19 Pandemic has shown the limits of this construct in terms of protecting the core values of liberalism itself, such as freedom of speech and the protection of private property. Riots in the United States, vandalism in several European countries, and the attempts by the media and big technology corporations to suppress free speech can be contrasted to the relative stability and calm of Asian countries with corporatist systems and with different varieties of benevolent authoritarianism. The present paper argues that an emerging Asian model combining aspects of corporatism, increasing professional engagement throughout society, and benevolent authoritarianism has shown greater resilience and greater success in protecting the core values that liberal democracies are supposed to be based on, than the open systems favored by the West.

Korean protected areas (PAs) are reserved public lands which restrict most forms of development in the interests of conservation. As of 2020, there are 22 National Parks (NPs) covering nearly 7% of the country (17 Mountainous, 4 Marine and Coastal, and 1 Historical NP) and approximately 1,470 other PAs. All these parks are controlled by the Korean National Park Service (KNPS), except for Hallasan NP (Jeju Island), which was established in 1987 and since 1998 has been managed separately by the Ministry of the Environment. The key feature of this book is that it looks at the natural capital embodied in mountainous NPs and the social capital built on this, seeking to understand how both shape and affect natural heritage. In Korea, National Park Master Planning is carried out (the current plan covers the period 2012–2021), and tourism is permitted and promoted. This system has implications for the objectives of the conservation system through the reality of tourism impact (some 40 million visitors per year). This chapter is a study of the governance challenges this relationship brings. It also helps identify appropriate management principles for PAs and nature-based tourism more broadly across the East Asian region.

This chapter assesses the processes and patterns to be found in the Japanese community’s engagement with geoparks. It is based on trends identified by the authors over the past 15 years and longer, but is a commentary based on the activities of actual communities rather than surveys of tourists. The themes covered are the threads that make up the current community interest in geoconservation, rural decline and revitalization, globally important agricultural and other forms of heritage conservation (geoparks, GIAHS and cultural heritage, Satoyama), and geotourism in Japan. These themes help us identify the impact of geoparks on the community, and the Japanese community’s engagement with them.

Akan National Park is found on the Island of Hokkaido. It was designated in 1934 as one of the second batch of properties to be declared national parks in Japan. The natural heritage of the area includes a group of volcanoes, Me-akandake, O-akandake, and Akan-Fuji, and three lakes of volcanic origin, Akan-ko, Kussharo-ko, and Mashu-ko. The geological structure consists of a large caldera that originated in the early Pleistocene and a group of younger partly Holocene, andesitic, and dacitic cones. The highest point of the complex is the Me-akandake (1499 m) stratovolcano. It consists of nine overlapping cones, with three summit craters, and has erupted least 17 times since the beginning of the nineteenth century. The national park based on this natural heritage is a popular visitor destination, offering sought-after views and bathing opportunities all year round and skiing and other snow sports in the winter. Lake Akan-ko is also known for its "marimo"-a species of algae that forms large green balls when mature-and a natural phenomenon that in Japan is unique to this lake. The social capital of the area also includes traditional Ainu settlements (an early Japanese indigenous ethnic group now mainly confined to Hokkaido). This is an important feature given that cultural geotourism is a global phenomenon. Many indigenous communities offer their unique interpretations of natural and other forms of heritage, including food, around the world, and the implications of such an interest by tourists for the Ainu community around the lake are considerable.

Background In 2014 the family of a woman who died in one of Britain’s best-known hospitals won their legal claim that her rights were violated when a Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) document was completed without her or her family being consulted. A judicial review noted that Article 8 of the Human Rights Act was breached, concluding that there is a duty to consult patients and/or those important to them in relation to DNACPR unless that consultation may result in physical or psychological harm; this is more than just causing distress. Aim Audit practice regarding DNACPR decisions and the discussions surrounding them in a tertiary cancer centre. Methods A retrospective case note review of patients‘ in whom a DNACPR had been placed was conducted in December 2016. Practice was compared against the 2016 Joint Statement, ‘Decisions relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation’. Results 22 case notes were reviewed in which a DNACPR was completed; 19 due to futility in cases of terminal cancer and 3 due to patient choice. In 3 cases no consultation had taken place. The reasons for this included patient/family declining a discussion and risk of harm. In 4/22 cases there was no documentation of the clinical reasoning for a DNACPR decision. In 1 case the consultation led to potentially avoidable patient distress. In 7 cases the patient lacked mental capacity to participate in a consultation; in 1 case it was felt it would cause too much harm to discuss the decision with their family. Conclusion Patients and those important to them should be made aware of DNACPR decisions and these conversations recorded, including reasons for the decision. This audit however has highlighted ongoing variability in practice. Further training is needed in order to standardise practice and ensure high quality consultations around this sensitive topic are undertaken.

This chapter provides an outline of the concept of natural heritage and discusses the main geological, geomorphological, and ecological characteristics of natural heritage of Japan. The chapter begins with referring to the Anthropocene concept and examines how pervasive anthropogenic influence has affected the contemporary geo-biosphere. However, even as our actions have transformed our planet at its surface level, we remain far from replicating the most fundamental earth processes, and in this sense, understanding how natural processes engender our planet's heritage provides important insights for a better future of humanity. Accordingly, the chapter makes the argument that the term "natural heritage" must be reconceptualized through the appreciation of the mechanisms of our dynamic planet. The chapter then provides a brief discussion of the geological history of the Japanese Islands and introduces the main geomorphic and ecological characteristics of the archipelago, in order to explain the setting and scope of this book. By referring to the birth of this island arc in deep time, the chapter explains how the defining characteristics of land formation and landscaping in the Japanese Islands provide a snapshot of the beating heart of our planet. Finally, the chapter closes with an outline of the structure of this volume.

Mount Unzen is an active composite stratovolcano in the Southwest Japan Arc. It is made up of a cluster of overlapping volcanoes that have formed at various times over the past 6 million years on the Shimabara Peninsula of Kyushu Island. This complex is close to themajor cities of Nagasaki and Kumamoto and has considerable settlement around it on the peninsula. Of course, communities of human beings have always lived on volcanoes and their surrounding landscapes, whether active or dormant. These volcanoes provide visitors to such communities with access to their geological history and have even provided the remains of previous settlements now covered by eruptions (e.g., Pompeii (Vesuvius AD79) and Soufriere Hills (Montserrat). As a representative of the most dangerous of these volcanoes, Mt. Unzen became a worldwide media sensation in 1991 when it produced a series of massive eruptions (which claimed 44 lives) after many years of calm. This event raised concerns about community awareness of volcanic activity and created new opportunities for the study of major volcanic events and their precursors. From this situation, some of the more destructive volcanoes have been classified as requiring constant monitoring (the Decade Volcanoes), while calls for more information on all those identified as active (and, more recently, on those considered dormant given several occurrences of reactivation that were not considered likely) are frequently made.

Iconic Mount Fuji has symbolized the fragmented state of Japan's 'multi-purpose' national park administration. Although the Ministry of Environment (MOE) is the legal administrator, the national parkland is predominantly owned by the Forestry Agency, with many services provided by local governments. This complex combination can result in stakeholders pitted against each other, but listing as a World Heritage Site (WHS) offers an external incentive toward holistic management. This paper reviews Fuji's 2013 WHS inscription process, analyzing official documents and a series of stakeholder interviews to substantiate claims that it helped catalyze stakeholder collaboration, as demonstrated by a new system of trail signs. A cross-cutting council formed in 2009 issued a set of guidelines aimed at standardization of place names, and the removal of unnecessary or low-quality signs. Subsequently, a simplified system of color-coded signs was introduced along the four climbing trails, epitomizing the new spirit of cooperation. However, more research is needed to verify if the new partnership can extend the collaboration from trail signs to incorporate broader provision of visitor services, and now that the 'carrot' of inscription has been achieved, the multi-stakeholder momentum may be difficult to maintain.

An essential part of the transfer of knowledge in the tourism and hospitality industry, destination image is defined as the expression of objective knowledge, imagination, and the subjective emotions of the tourist. Social media is profoundly changing the way the tourist images and interacts with the destination environment. In turn, firms in the industry are seeking to leverage the power of social media to gain insights into tourist cognition and behavior. In this chapter, we analyze various social media to investigate knowledge transfer relating to two groups of hotels in Philadelphia, and we propose a methodology to predict future lodging demand from empirical data in line with the objectives of the t-Forum.

Background Grief is a natural response to the loss of a loved one but can have the potential for long term adverse effects. Bereavement services are therefore essential to provide support and to identify those at risk of harm. A ‘day after death service’ for bereaved persons is a longstanding component of bereavement care at our tertiary cancer centre. Bereaved persons are met by a clinical nurse specialist the day after the death for a face to face discussion and support needs assessment. This system aims to improve support and identify those at risk of pathological grief reactions. Aim Conduct a quality improvement project aimed at enhancing bereavement support at our centre by incorporating feedback from bereaved persons into trust-wide education and care quality indicators. Methods A 12 month retrospective audit was undertaken to evaluate bereavement service outcomes.This was combined with feedback from stakeholders to develop a PDSA quality improvement cycle. Results At baseline 51 deaths were recorded in 12 months. 42 people agreed to ongoing support following accessing the day after death service. 39 people did not require any further support following a single phone call. Three bereaved persons needed additional support due to prolonged/pathological grief, and were supported appropriately. Stakeholder satisfaction surveys revealed an 88% approval rating for emotional support and practical help, and 100% would recommend the service to others. Qualitative constructive feedback suggested enhancing methods of detecting people at high risk of pathological grief and developing an action-orientated approach to bereavement support. Conclusion Bereavement care incurs practical as well as emotional challenges. Despite positive feedback regarding the emotional support provided by our service, there are practical areas for development. The next step of our project is to incorporate these changes into education and information processing tools, before re-evaluating progress.