[Objective]To analyze the monitoring results and trends of Oncomelania in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2007 to 2023,and to provide reference for future monitoring work.[Methods]The data of snail monitoring in Songjiang District from 2007 to 2023 were collected,including the location of snail spots,the number of survey frames,the area with snails,the number of frames with snails,the total number of snails,etc.The density of living snails and the occurrence rate of living snail frames were calculated.[Results]From 2007 to 2023,a total of 158 snail spots were found in 22 administrative villages in 4 towns in Songjiang District,including 131 emerging snail habitats(82.91%)and 27 reemerging snail habitats(17.09%).The total snail area was 175 980 m2,the number of snail frames was 10 061,and 33 302 snails were captured.The highest density was 260/0.11 m2,and 15 662 snails were dissected.No positive snails were found.The average density of living snails was 0.60/0.11 m2 and the average occurrence rate of living snail frames was 17.99%.The snail areas in different areas were Yexie Town 126 000 m2(71.60%),Maogang Town 26 470 m2(15.04%),Xinbang Town 17 040 m2(9.68%),and Shihudang Town 6 470 m2(3.68%).The average density of living snails in different areas was 0.89/0.11 m2 in Yexie Town,0.65/0.11 m2 in Maogang Town,0.26/0.11 m2 in Shihudang Town and 0.24/0.11 m2 in Xinbang Town.The snail areas of different snail habitats were as follows:woodland 151 250 m2(85.95%),river 13 810 m2(7.85%),ditch 6 910 m2(3.93%),farmland 4 010 m2(2.28%).The average density of living snails in different snail habitats:ditch 1.01/0.11 m2,beach 0.86/0.11 m2,woodland 0.57/0.11 m2,river 0.40/0.11 m2.The occurrence rate of living snail frames in different regions and different snail environment types showed a downward trend and the difference was statistically significant.[Conclusion]Although the snail monitoring indicators such as snail area,average living snail density and average living snail frame occurrence rate in Songjiang District are still at its historically low level,the average living snail density and average living snail frame occurrence rate are still high compared with other regions or the national average.We should focus on the upper reaches and tributaries of the Huangpu River,especially the key areas of seedling transplantation,and strengthen monitoring and supervision to reduce the risk of snail input.

目的 分析2021年云南省勐腊县常住人口死因构成、死亡水平,为制定针对性预防措施和卫生策略提供科学依据.方法 收集"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"报告的死亡日期为2021年1月1日-2021年12月31日且现住址为勐腊县的死亡病例,按照《国际疾病分类第10版》(ICD-10)进行死因编码及分类,再进行描述性统计分析.结果 2021年勐腊县共报告死亡2 039例,其中男性1 254例、女性785例,男女比1.60:1,不同年龄组男女死亡构成比差异有统计学意义(x2=81.47,P＜0.01).粗死亡率为668.64/10万(男性777.60/10万、女性546.34/10万),标化死亡率为748.93/10万(男性857.48/10万,女性625.62/10万),男性标化死亡率是女性的1.37倍.全人群及分性别死亡率按年龄分布均呈"√"形趋势.按疾病分类依次为慢性病(标化死亡率为727.39/10万)、损伤和中毒(标化死亡率为84.02/10万)、传染病/母婴及营养缺乏性疾病(标化死亡率为22.93/10万)及其他(标化死亡率为5.54/10万):死亡原因前五位依次为脑血管病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒和呼吸系统疾病,占死亡总数的84.70％.结论 预防和控制慢性病及伤害仍是该县当前和近几年的工作重点,应建立健全健康教育体系,普及健康科学知识,教育引导群众树立正确健康观,规范慢性病防治健康科普管理.

目的 分析黔东南州某中学一起肺结核病聚集性疫情发生的原因,为科学制定学校结核病防控措施提供参考依据.方法 收集2022年2-5月黔东南州某中学一起肺结核聚集性疫情流行病学调查资料和密切接触者筛查结果,采用描述流行病学方法,分析疫情的流行病学特征、密切接触者筛查结果、发生原因等.结果 该起疫情共筛查学校师生2 293人,共报告学生肺结核13例,所有病例均集中于高一(3)班,该班级的罹患率达24.53％,病例分布呈班级和寝室聚集现象;指示病例密切接触者强阳性率达64.15％,高于一般接触者强阳性率,差异有统计学意义(x2=41.04,P＜0.01);除指示病例为因症就诊外,其余病例为主动筛查发现,均无肺结核相关症状.结论 导致该起聚集性疫情发生的主要原因是学校未按要求开展晨午检,体检机构也未按照国家体检标准开展新生入学体检结核病筛查,学生结核病防治知识欠缺,患病学生带病上课,班级空调的使用也加大了结核病的传播风险.

目的:分析 1999-2021 年云南省勐腊县HIV/AIDS病例流行特征及变化趋势,为艾滋病精准防控提供科学依据.方法:收集 1999-2021 年累计报告的现住址为勐腊县的HIV/AIDS病例信息,并进行描述性分析.结果:1999-2021 年勐腊县累计报告HIV/AIDS病例744例,死亡 178例,现存活566例,其中HIV感染者366例,AIDS患者200例;年发病率整体呈上升趋势,年均报告发病数33.82例;地区分布以勐腊镇(23.39%)、勐仑镇(13.44%)及勐捧镇(12.10%)为主;男性510例,女性234例,性别比为2.18∶1,年龄分布以25～54岁居多(63.58%),各年龄组患者性别构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.86,P＜0.05);职业以农民为主(56.18%);传播途径以同性传播为主(90.46%),各年龄组患者在传播途径分布上差异有统计学意义(χ2=105.85,P＜0.05).结论:勐腊县艾滋病防治任务仍然艰巨,应加大校园、工地、农村等重点场所和地区的艾滋病知识宣传力度,开发新模式宣传载体,充分发挥自愿咨询检测点的功能.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic characteristics and trend of mosquito vectors related to Japanese encephalitis （JE） in Mengla County， and to provide scientific evidence for JE prevention and control.MethodsThe JE related mosquito vector monitoring data in Mengla County from 2016 to 2020 were collected and subjected to further statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 1 689 mosquitoes were captured at the JE mosquito vector monitoring sites in Mengla County， 36.3% of which were captured in 2020 and 13.3% in 2017. The density of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the highest （3.04 per lamp per day）， and that of Anopheles sinensis was the lowest （1.03 per lamp per day）. The distribution of mosquito species showed significant difference in the same year. The mosquito density in pig house was 12.93 per lamp∙day， and that in human house was 4.67 per lamp∙day. The mosquito density of different mosquito species in pig house was higher than that in human house. There was no significant difference in the site distribution of Anopheles sinensis， but there were significant differences in the site distribution of Culex tritaeniorhynchus， Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and other mosquito species. The mosquito density peaked in May （12.78 per lamp per day） and July （10.28 per lamp per day）. The temporal distribution showed that the vector density decreased gradually from May to October， however， the species population structure also varied significantly， and the trends of each mosquito species also varied greatly. In Mengla， Culex tritaeniorhynchus peaked in May.ConclusionThe JE epidemic situation in Mengla County is still severe. It is recommended to strengthen prevention and control in the peak season of mosquito activities， such as actively carrying out patriotic health campaigns， and effective public education. At the same time， we should also strengthen the JE vaccination for school-age children and the training of medical personnel.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic characteristics of dengue fever in Mengla County and provide basis for scientific prevention and control of dengue fever.MethodsWe collected the case information of dengue fever in Mengla County reported by the infectious disease reporting information system of China Center for Disease Control and prevention from January 1 to December 31， 2019 and the case field investigation records. The case data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.ResultsIn 2019， Mengla County reported 369 cases of dengue fever， all of which were unclassified， including 354 clinically diagnosed cases， 15 confirmed cases， 6 severe cases， and there was no deaths. The annual incidence rate was 120.98/105. Mengla Town had the most cases （145 cases， 39.30%） followed by 63 cases （17.07%） in Mengpeng Town. The reported cases were mainly local cases （65.85%）. The ratio of male to female was 1.25∶1. The age distribution was mainly in the group of 21‒60 years old （82.38%）. Farmers （112 cases， 30.35%） and business service providers （85 cases， 23.04%） were the majority. The annual cases were distributed from May to November， of which the most were reported in September， and the number of cases reported from July to October accounts for 93.22% of all cases.ConclusionMengla County is still a high incidence area of dengue fever in Yunnan Province， and the vector Aedes is widespread. It is suggested to strengthen mosquito prevention and control in the epidemic season， actively carry out patriotic health campaign， carry out special rectification of the environment in rural areas， and conduct effective public education.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Mengla County， Yunnan Province， so as to provide basis for formulating corresponding prevention and control measures.MethodsThe data of foodborne disease outbreaks in Mengla County， Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2021 in the national "foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system" were collected. The time， population， region， place， pathogenic factors and inducing links of the events were statistically analyzed.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2021， a total of 68 incidents were reported， including 526 cases and 5 deaths. The total incidence rate was 23.40% and the case fatality rate was 0.95%. The peak period was from May to July， with the largest number of reported events in July. The reporting areas were mainly Mengla Town （35.29%）， Guanlei Town （11.76%） and Mengpeng Town （10.29%）. The main place of the incident was family （76.47%）. The main pathogenic factors were plant toxins （79.41%）， mainly through the ingestion of wild mushrooms （68.52%）， improper processing of green beans （12.96%） and aconitum （9.26%）.ConclusionAccording to the epidemiological characteristics of Mengla County， we should focus on the public education of health knowledge in key areas and places， especially on the identification of wild mushrooms， to prevent accidental eating. At the same time， we should strengthen the monitoring and risk assessment of foodborne diseases， find potential risks as soon as possible， issue early warning and forecast in time， and constantly improve the clinical treatment ability of poisoned patients.

目的 分析2016-2018年上海市松江区公共卫生苗子事件流行特征,为防控突发公共卫生事件提供依据.方法 收集2016年1月1日-2018年12月31日松江区疾病预防控制中心接报的公共卫生苗子事件资料,描述性分析公共卫生苗子事件的地区、时间、病例类型和发生单位分布等.结果 2016-2018年松江区累计报告公共卫生苗子事件478起,其中市级响应4起,占0.84％;区级响应474起,占99.16％.接报途径以医疗机构报告为主,288起占60.25％.累计波及2 918人,无死亡病例.公共卫生苗子事件报告地区集中在方松街道、九亭镇、泗泾镇和中山街道;在上半年和下半年各有高峰,上半年以3-6月为主,报告179起,占上半年的85.24％;下半年以9-12月为主,报告197起,占下半年的73.51％.公共卫生苗子事件病例类型以手足口病、疑似风疹、疑似麻疹、水痘、诺如病毒感染性腹泻和百日咳为主,405起占84.73％,波及2 544人,占87.18％.公共卫生苗子事件发生单位以家庭、托幼机构和小学等集体单位为主,403起占84.31％;养老机构报告事件较少,仅1起.结论 2016-2018年松江区公共卫生苗子事件集中分布在中部及东北部的乡镇(街道),在上半年和下半年各有高峰,发生单位以家庭、托幼机构和小学等集体单位为主,接报途径以医疗机构报告为主.

目的 分析2016—2018年松江区传染病早期预警信号和传染病类苗子事件的特征和关系,为优化区域传染病早期预警提供依据.方法 通过"传染病自动预警信息系统"下载预警信号,通过"松江区传染病类苗子事件报告登记表"整理苗子事件,应用SPSS 16.0软件按年份、 病种等因素分析.结果 2016—2018年松江区共预警传染病15类1081次,年平均预警360次.主要预警病种为水痘、 手足口病、 其他感染性腹泻、 流行性感冒、 猩红热和麻疹等,以时间预警信号为主.2016—2018年时间预警信号分别占85.50％、90.83％和58.41％,不同年份间的差异有统计学意义(=128.96,P<0.05).同时期共报告传染病类苗子事件19类478起,年平均159起,其中区级事件475起(99.37％),主要苗子事件为手足口病、 水痘、 麻疹和感染性腹泻.2016—2018年松江区水痘、 手足口病、 其他感染性腹泻、 麻疹、 流行性感冒、 猩红热和疟疾的早期预警信号全部探测到其对应病种的苗子事件,符合率中位数48.52％;同时苗子事件报告还预警了百日咳、 狂犬病和伤寒等疫情76起.结论 松江区国家传染病自动预警系统整体运行良好,而苗子事件报告体系的预警效率更高,可作为国家传染病自动预警信息系统的有效补充.

目的 分析传染病长期趋势对CIDARS预警阈值设置的影响,合理调整预警阈值,提高传染病监测系统预警效果.方法 根据控制图预警模型原理,选择2009-2015年松江区6种重点传染病,设置12个备选阈值,并根据周发病数将传染病长期趋势分为“Type A”、“Type B”和“Type C”.以C2模型为流行标准,通过分析预警阈值的灵敏度、特异度和ROC曲线,分别优选出6种传染病的最佳预警阈值,分析长期趋势对预警阈值的影响.结果 “TYPE A”为缓慢下降长期趋势,包括水痘和流行性腮腺炎,最佳阈值分别为P55和P50;“TYPE B”为无明显变化长期趋势,包括风疹和流行性感冒,最佳阈值分别为P50和P40,“TYPE C”为缓慢上升长期趋势,包括手足口病和猩红热,最佳阈值分别为P95和P80.预警模型倾向于为TYPE C类传染病推荐较大的阈值,为TYPE A和B类传染病推荐较小的阈值.结论 在传染病早期预警阈值优选时,应考虑长期趋势的影响,同时综合考虑防控制措施的可及性、调查处置费用等因素,改善预警效果.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的调查国家传染病自动预警信息系统（CIDARS）条线人员的系统使用、对预警原理和预警效果认知,分析存在的薄弱环节,为改善CIDARS运行效果提供依据。方法应用问卷星自行编制调查问卷,通过手机微信对上海市疾控和16家区疾控中心CIDARS条线人员进行问卷调查,应用SAS 9.2软件进行统计分析。结果 77名对象中,男性37人（48.05%）,平均年龄（33.04±7.40）岁,35.06%对象为CIDARS专职人员,参与预警工作的平均年限为（3.98±2.93）年。条线人员每日处理单病例预警和时间/时空预警信号花费时间≤10分钟的对象分别占77.92%和84.41%。79.22%的条线人员认为CIDARS对传染病防治发挥了作用,63.64%的条线人员表示有必要根据当地传染病的发病特点调整传染病的预警阈值,但70.13%的预警系统条线人员不清楚CIDARS的预警原理。结论上海地区预警系统条线人员整体上认为CIDARS对传染病防治发挥了作用,但每日花费在预警信号处理上的时间较少,多数条线人员不清楚CIDARS预警原理和预警阈值设置方法,今后需加强针对性培训。</span>

[目的]分析松江区2016年传染病类公共卫生苗子事件的流行病学特征,为针对性地开展传染病防控提供依据.[方法]通过传染病相关监测预警系统、医疗机构报告、事发单位或个人报告等途径收集松江区2016年1月1日-12月31日接报的苗子事件,应用描述性流行病学方法对数据进行分析.[结果]2016年松江区累计报告传染病类公共卫生苗子事件157起,其中市级响应标准2起,区级响应标准155起.累计发病813人,无死亡病例.苗子事件主要集中在松江区东部和中部地区,报告地区前5位的是方松街道、泗泾镇、九亭镇、新桥镇及中山街道.报告病种前5位的是手足口病、麻疹、风疹、水痘及聚集性呕吐腹泻.其中,手足口病、水痘、聚集性呕吐腹泻主要发生在托幼机构和小学,麻疹、风疹主要发生在家庭.报告时间集中在4～6月和9～11月.[结论]松江区传染病类公共卫生苗子事件应重点关注流动人口较多的中部和东部地区,特别是托幼机构和学校相对集中的方松街道易发生学生聚集性疫情.目前麻疹的发病水平距国家消除麻疹的目标仍有差距,应进一步做好病例的监测、报告及重点人群的补充免疫.

目的 基于国家传染病自动预警信息系统(CIDARS),分析传染病暴发规模对传染病预警模型阈值设定的影响,为今后调整传染病预警阈值提供依据.方法 按照控制图预警模型原理,选择2010-2015年松江区6种重点传染病的病例信息资料,设置12个备选预警阈值,同时挑选松江区6种重点传染病暴发疫情各1起,通过分析预警阈值的灵敏度(Se)、假阳性率(FAR)、预警及时性(TD)分别优选出6种传染病基于不同暴发量级的最佳预警阈值.结果 水痘基于不同暴发量级的最佳预警阈值为P40、P40、P50和P60;手足口病基于不同暴发量级的最佳预警阈值为P40、P50、P55和P70;猩红热基于不同暴发量级的最佳预警阈值均为P95;其它感染性腹泻基于不同暴发量级的最佳预警阈值为P75、P95、P95和P95;流行性腮腺炎基于不同暴发量级的最佳预警阈值为P80、P95、P95和P95;流行性感冒基于不同暴发量级的最佳预警阈值为P80、P90、P95和P95.结论 随着传染病"暴发"量级的升高,传染病最佳预警阈值也越大.同时,日报告病例数越少,传染病暴发量级对其最佳预警阈值优选的影响增小.

[目的]了解社区35～59岁高血压人群睡眠质量情况及其相关因素,为社区高血压人群睡眠质量管理提供依据.[方法]2016年6—8月对某社区居民进行健康体检及问卷调查,并与社区高血压管理库数据链接,将体检对象中35～69岁在管高血压对象及问卷自述有高血压病史的人群作为研究对象.采用匹兹堡睡眠质量问卷(PSQI)评价睡眠状况,以PSQI得分≥8分为临界值加以判定.[结果]本研究共纳入1159例高血压病例进行分析,其P SQI平均分为(4.24±3.09)分,低质量睡眠率为13.46％.女性显著高于男性(18.39％vs 7.79％),且随年龄增加,低质量睡眠率呈上升趋势(P趋势=0.008).冠心病史是男、 女性高血压人群睡眠障碍的共同相关因素,其男性及女性OR(95％CI)分别为3.74(1.29～10.87)及2.58(0.90～7.36);女性睡眠障碍还与年龄相关(P趋势<0.001).男性、 女性高血压人群PSQI得分的主要相关因素为冠心病史,体质指数(BMI)和年龄分组与女性P SQI得分相关.在P SQI各项得分中位数比较中冠心病史对男女性睡眠效率、 入睡时间、主观睡眠障碍、 男性睡眠质量和女性日间功能障碍均有关联;男性吸烟史与睡眠效率、 日间功能障碍和主观睡眠障碍有关联;女性不同BMI分组在入睡时间和睡眠质量上存在差异.[结论]上海社区35～59岁高血压人群普遍存在睡眠障碍.应积极改善高血压人群的睡眠质量,减少因睡眠问题导致血压不稳定,而引发其他健康问题.

[目的]分析上海某社区35～59岁高血压人群同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平及分布特征,了解该人群高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy)的患病率及其相关因素.[方法]采用整群随机抽样方法,对2016年上海某社区1161例35～59岁高血压患者进行体格检查及问卷调查,并测定血浆Hcy水平,采用SPSS 22.0软件分析不同高血压人群Hcy水平及HHcy患病状况,采用非条件logistic回归方法分析HHcy相关危险因素.[结果]1161例35～59岁高血压患者的Hcy中位数为14.80μmol/L(男性:18.10μmol/L,女性:13.70μmol/L,P<0.05).Hcy水平随年龄递增,不同高血压家族史、 糖尿病史、 高血压组别以及体质指数(BMI)比较,男、 女性Hcy中位数水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);人群HHcy检出率为48.06％(男性72.12％,女性27.29％;χ2=232.45,P<0.05).高血压组别是男性HHcy的相关因素,重点组和好转组分别是稳定组的16.94倍及4.43倍;女性重点组及好转组相应OR值(95％CI)分别为42.63(16.13,121.94)及23.74(9.67,61.81);女性HHcy水平还与年龄相关,50岁以上年龄组的危险度是50岁以下组的2倍以上.[结论]Hcy性别差异明显,男性、 高血压分组是35～59岁社区高血压人群HHcy的相关因素.

Objective To select the optimized early warning thresholds for the epidemic season and non-epidemic season respectively based on outbreak detection algorithms for chickenpox,and to analyze how early warning threshold selection of outbreak detection algorithm will be influenced by the seasonality of infectious diseases.Methods According to the principle of C2 model,12 alternative thresholds were adopted,then the optimized thresholds for the epidemic season and non-epidemic season were selected respectively based on the chickenpox outbreaks/clusters in 2015 in Songjiang district,Shanghai.Finally,the influence of infectious disease seasonality on outbreak detection algorithm thresholds selection was analyzed by evaluation indexes which include sensitivity (Se),false alarm rate (FAR) and time to detection (TD).Results 1 335 chickenpox cases were reported in 2015 with a yearly incidence rate of 80.01 per 100,000,25 chickenpox outbreaks or clustering were reported in 2015.The epidemic season for chickenpox in Songjiang district was from Jan 1 to Feb 11 and from Oct 17 to Dec 31 in 2015.Ignoring the influence of seasonality,h =1.0 was the optimized threshold for chickenpox based on C2 with Se =92％,FAR =6.57％ and TD =3 days;when take seasonality into consideration,h =0.6 was the optimized threshold for chickenpox in epidemic season based on C2 with Se =86.67 ％,FAR =0％ and TD =2 days;and h =1.4 was the optimized threshold for chickenpox in non-epidemic season based on C2 with Se =100％,FAR =4.52％ and TD =7 days.Conclusion Optimized thresholds selection based on the seasonality of chickenpox is recommendable which could reduce the false alarm rate during the non-epidemic season,and improve the time to detection during an epidemic season.

目的 了解上海市松江区儿童家长对手足口病疫苗的接种意愿,分析可能的潜在影响因素,为手足口病疫苗上市后接种策略的制定提供参考依据.方法 采用单纯随机抽样,应用计算机辅助电话调查系统,于2015年2-4月每天晚上6:00-9:00开展电话调查.结果 共拨打电话13 045个,接通8 943个,有效电话2 625个,调查1 759户,总有效应答率为67.01％.1 759名儿童家长的平均年龄值(33.53±7.28)岁,其中男性775人(44.06％),女性984人(55.94％).过去一年,2 049名儿童的手足口病患病率为7.91％,重复感染发生率为14.19％.调查显示,24.83％的家长听说过手足口病疫苗,而家长愿意为孩子接种手足口病疫苗的比例为87.15％.儿童家长文化程度越高(OR值分别为1.05,1.24,1.26),个人平均月收入越高(1.02,1.24,1.39),其愿意为孩子接种手足口病疫苗的比例越高,城市户口(OR=1.55)、儿童家长性别为男性(OR=1.25)、孩子患过手足口病(OR=1.21)是家长愿意为孩子接种手足口病疫苗的保护因素.家长不愿意接种的主要原因包括:担心疫苗安全性和不良反应(38.24％)、不了解疫苗的保护效果(31.96％)、认为没有必要(16.88％)、不愿承担费用(9.52％).结论 松江区儿童家长对手足口病疫苗的认识度较低,但手足口病疫苗接种的意愿较好.今后应加强手足口病疫苗相关知识宣教,在制定手足口病疫苗接种政策时,应考虑疫苗费用等问题,提高疫苗接种率.

By means of risk assessment, to explore the likelihood, harmfulness, pop-ulation susceptibility and comprehensive risk in relation to infectious respiratory diseases in late winter of 2013 and early spring of 2014 in Songjiang District of Shanghai , providing the basis for prevention and con-trol of infectious diseases . [ Methods] Delphi method was used and experts were invited to score for designed questions .Infectious respiratory diseases comprehensive risks were evaluated by applying the for-mula P(Risk) =[L(likelihood)+I(impact)+V(vulnerability)]/3 according to the risk evaluation plan. [ Results] After two rounds of risk evaluation by experts , the coefficient of expert activity was 1 .00 , the coefficient of authority was 0.70, 0.73 and 0.71 respectively in likelihood, harmfulness and susceptibility , and the coefficient of coordination was 0.68, 0.65 and 0.67 respectively.The viewpoints of experts tended to be consistent .Comprehensive analysis showed that the risk of influenza was high , and tuberculosis , HFMD, influenza A H7N9 avian influenza, smallpox and influenza A H1N1 avian influenza were relatively high too, while the risk of measles, scarlet fever, mumps were moderate. [Conclusion] During late winter of 2013 and early spring of 2014 in Songjiang District , close attention should be paid to the risk of in-fluenza, tuberculosis, HFMD, influenza A H7N9 avian influenza, smallpox and influenza A H1N1 avian in-fluenza .And it is important that emergency plans should be formulated or improved , drills carried out peri-odically, and experience and lessons summarized .