In-circuit (ICT) and in-board (IBT) testers are commonly used in industrial environments to support electronics manufacturing. Each of these performs a parametric measurement that checks the voltage values at each measured point and compares them to a value in a database. These devices perform measurements based on the method of nodal potentials.The fact that the measured values can be set, parameterized and programmed makes them very convenient to use, making them ideal for performing a fault detection and analysis measurement in support of production. Programming the equipment requires a high level of expertise and knowledge of electronic circuits. To replace these measuring and testing devices, we provide in this article a recommendation, a cost-effective solution.
In engineering and electrical engineering higher education, in its practice-oriented laboratory training background, the use of virtual methods is very common, in an environment where the main goal is of course to strengthen and develop practical attitudes.Without neglecting the importance of the computer-based possibilities of simulation and emulation and their practical relevance, there is a danger, one could say with some malice, that we are using virtual tools to train engineers who will be fully capable of solving virtual problems virtually.To avoid all this, we continue to believe that it is important to use real instruments in electrical engineering training, whether they are measuring instruments or electronic circuits to be measured. In this paper, we aim to present an application that supports analog electrical engineering, the operation of analog circuits, where we offer a high degree of flexibility to teachers and students in a real electronic circuit measurement environment.Thus, we will continue to use real instruments, generators, power supplies, oscilloscopes, spectrum analysers, measuring instruments, but we will design the object to be measured using FPAA (Field Programmable Analog Array) devices, by creating different analog circuits to be measured. This allows us to set different circuit parameters, even per measurement place, for the same circuit.
Programmable analog circuits are known in some analog application environments. These applications are basically about using a binary string to configure the analog electronic circuits in FPAAs and from there onward implement the circuit function between input and output. (filters, amplifiers, rectifiers…etc.) In addition, these circuits can be used in special tasks where the transfer function of a particular digital network needs to be modified or changed as a function of some analogue value-dependent feedback. The latter application also includes when the digital transfer function is implemented by a micro-controller algorithm. Examples of these novel applications are proposed and provided in this paper.
In engineering practice we often use pneumatic cylinders, motors, actuators. Popularity of these instruments is understandable, since fast and clean, isn’t an electromagnetic compatibility trouble, and can be used in potentially explosive environments. A disadvantage of undetermined speed of movement can be mentioned, which is coming from the dynamic characteristics of the air is generally difficult to handles. In the present paper we present such a solution, which can be achieved by using an embedded micro-controller with a special pulse width modulation control (PWM) which the pneumatic actuators velocity is controllable.
The cooperation of the analog and digital circuits and the embedded controllers as well as their industrial use and technical application have always been in the focus of our interest. In reconfigurable systems the effectiveness and quality of the analog circuit system can be maintained and modified by circuit or by changing the single element values. There are further advantages of the programmable analog circuit applications; more compact, more reliable, more flexible systems can be produced with better performance. It is especially beneficial if for programming we modify the function of a programmable analog circuit either giving a new topology or a new component parameter using the flexibility of the microcontroller.
It has become necessary for a high performance polyethylene (PET) bottle shrink machine control by micro-controllers, which can produce a parallel operation. It also needs such a service solution there are query the independent parallel units provide, supervising, as well as the various human-machine interface services to provide. In this case is always question the art of parallelism, as well the grade of granularity. It also necessaries to decide which is the suitable solution in the real task, the quasi-parallelism (bach or task) or a hierarchical hardware, or an architectural parallelism [9].
The conventional motor controls are working speed-, or angle feedback. The proposed solution in this work is used advantageously in this area where the cable network has already built up but there is no possibility to be expanded, or it is money- gobble. At the presented procedure with the D.C. motor control the use of supply voltage added commutations noise. Since the commutation noise amplitude, the frequency, the signal shape and the duty cycle could depend on the speed of the axis and power (torque) of motor, it must be a differential signal conditioning to be used for extraction of speed information. Applying the tunable filter the speed-signal has significantly jitter and time-domain noise. The exact speed of the communication noise can only be determined if the expected value or, at least, the range of it are known. Furthermore if the motor speed voltage characteristics are known, so that control is a function of the expected value can be determined. The microcontroller controls of the motor speed by PWM, further determines the expected value by prediction algorithm and for the prediction an exact D.C. motor model is needed create.
The conventional motor controls are working speed-, or angle feedback. The proposed solution in this work is used advantageously in this area where the cable network has already built up but there is no possibility to be expanded, or it is moneygobble. At the presented procedure with the D.C. motor control the use of supply voltage added commutations noise. Since the commutation noise amplitude, the frequency, the signal shape and the duty cycle could depend on the speed of the axis and power (torque) of motor, it must be a differential signal conditioning to be used for extraction of speed information. Applying the tunable filter the speed-signal has significantly jitter and time-domain noise. The exact speed of the communication noise can only be determined if the expected value or, at least, the range of it are known. Furthermore if the motor speed voltage characteristics are known, so that control is a function of the expected value can be determined. The microcontroller controls of the motor speed by PWM, further determines the expected value by prediction algorithm and for the prediction an exact D.C. motor model is needed create.
The field programmable analog array (FPAA) are advantageously useful different functional units, electronic circuits, part of electronic circuit, onto his forming. In this direction there is an opportunity if the cooperation of embedded informatics device and FPAA is possible especially. Perspective that solution, where the electronic circuit to be worked up some-, or more adaptivity plays himself with a partial self-organization in that manner the topology, regarding the parameters of the single elements.
The physical state of people working in dangerous environment or ill ones is important to be monitored and analyzed. For such an investigation a typical parameter is the heartbeat rhythm, the ECG, the saturation of oxygen and breathing. Defining the body mobility state as well as its position may be also of the same importance. In order to achieve this microprocessor data storage device is used, which stores the 3D velocity sensor signal. The momentary velocity, acceleration and position can be defined from these accumulated data. By the help of co-relation calculus, from a sample database an approach of the character of mobility can be determined.
The free programmable analog arrays (FPAA) circuits allow the using of dynamically reconfigurable analogue electric circuits that are most suitable for the desired functions. This is of major importance in the case of wide area of the using of analog circuit in any place of the electronic. From other spot we can say by the help of the FPAA and microcontroller (MCU) we can generate-, and/or fine tune lots of the adaptive circuits.