Swallowing is a complex physiological process, which is ensured by the coordinated actions of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus muscles under the control of the nervous system. As reported earlier, dysfunction and tongue posture disorder are one of the main reasons for the change in the myodynamic balance between the tongue muscle from the inside and the muscles of the maxillofacial region from the outside. Persistent muscle imbalance can contribute to the disruption of the formation and growth of the upper jaw in postnatal period, vital functions, body posture, and as a result, affect the overall health and psychoemotional development of growing patients. However, the question of the role of tongue dysfunction in the occurrence of malocclusion in growing patients remains open. The article presents modern data from the analysis of specialized literature over the past 7 years on the prevalence of infantile swallowing in children with mixed dentition, issues of etiopathogenesis and known classifications from the Researchgate, PubMed and E-library databases. The article describes influence of the studied functional disorder on the growing patients and considers preventive measures aimed at normalizing the swallowing function as one of the main factors for harmonious development of dentofacial structures in children.

Relevance. Over the past few years, electronic cigarettes have gained popularity as an alternative means of nicotine consumption. In Russia, the number of individuals using vapes has reached 4.2 million. According to studies by Russian addiction specialists, 8.5% of adolescents aged 13–15 in Russia use electronic cigarettes, with prevalence rates of 10.3% among boys and 6.8% among girls. The oral tissues, particularly the mucosa, are the first point of contact with electronic cigarettes, directly exposed to the adverse effects of vape liquid components.Objective. To investigate the effects of vapes on oral health, with a particular focus on the oral mucosa and associated structures.Materials and methods. A total of 37 sources were selected for analysis, including 16 articles from the eLibrary database, 5 from CyberLeninka, and 4 from databases such as Wiley, Taylor & Francis Online, and ScienceDirect. The search was conducted using the query "the impact of vapes on the oral mucosa" and keywords such as "electronic cigarette", "vapes," "oral health," "oral mucosa", and "smoking," in both Russian and English. Preference was given to materials published between 2014 and 2023 that directly addressed the topic, described conducted studies, and provided conclusions. Additionally, a manual search was performed within the reference lists of relevant articles to identify suitable publications.Results. A review of the literature revealed that electronic cigarettes adversely affect oral health, causing irritation of the mucosa and periodontium, salivary gland disorders, demineralization of dental hard tissues, and alterations in the pH of oral fluids.Conclusion. The impact of vapes on oral health remains insufficiently studied. Further experiments and long-term analyses are necessary to more accurately assess the effects of vape chemical components on oral tissues.

The result of endodontic treatment depends on many factors: on the level of professional training of a dentist, the material and technical equipment of the workplace, competent diagnosis and chosen treatment tactics, which is largely impossible without the use of modern scientific achievements. The article provides an overview of the current literature on the treatment of complicated caries. The methods of treatment of pulpitis and periodontitis using modern methods and tools are described, which significantly improves the effectiveness of treatment.

Sovremennoe ortodonticheskoe lechenie nosit kompleksnyj harakter i vklyuchaet ne tol'ko ispol'zovanie s"emnyh i nes"emnyh ortodonticheskih konstrukcij, no i operativnoe lechenie (ekstrakciyu postoyannyh zubov) v slozhnyh sluchayah. Neobhodimy tshchatel'noe obsledovanie i podgotovka pacientov pered ortodonticheskim etapom lecheniya dlya profilaktiki otricatel'nyh rezul'tatov i oslozhneniij korrekcii zubochelyustnyh anomalij i deformacij, kak u detej, tak i u vzroslyh. Rezul'taty mnogih issledovanij ukazyvayut na vzaimosvyaz' mezhdu ortodonticheskim lecheniem i formirovaniem somaticheskih disfunkcij. Cel'yu raboty bylo razrabotat' algoritm korrekcii osteopaticheskih narushenij, kotoryj mozhet byt' vnedren v praktiku mezhdisciplinarnogo vzaimodejstviya vracha-osteopata i stomatologa-ortodonta dlya povysheniya kachestva specializirovannoj ortodonticheskoj medicinskoj pomoshchi.

The basis of modern tooth whitening systems is the use of a whitening gel, which usually contains hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide. The study included 81 patients aged 22 to 35 years with a tooth color A2 and a darker color on the Vita Classic scale. The purpose of our research was to identify a new approach to whitening teeth to improve safety and gentleness. To perform this, we assessed the effect of the tooth whitening procedure on the mineral composition of the oral fluid. A new approach to the teeth whitening procedure was to use a mouth retractor and a tool for aspirating the whitening gel, which we developed. Before the procedure, a protective film-forming aerosol, which included sodium ascorbate, was applied. After the tooth whitening procedure, the enamel was remineralized with a sealing liquid for 14 days. The concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the oral fluid were determined using a spectrophotometer with a set of reagents (Human). The results obtained indicate that the new approach to the teeth whitening procedure contributed to less pronounced changes in the concentrations of calcium (+29.07, p < 0.001) and phosphorus (-14%, p < 0.001) in the oral fluid immediately after the procedure and in combination with the standard procedure for teeth whitening; immediately after this procedure, the calcium concentration increased by 74.4% (p < 0.001), and the phosphorus concentration decreased by 23.07% (p < 0.001). The use of remineralizing agents led to a faster recovery of the initial levels of calcium and phosphorus in the oral fluid.

Currently dental implantation is widely used in the areas of denture defects during the orthopedic rehabilitation of the patients. The clinical success of the implantation-related prosthetic replacement depends on multiple factors, including the macrodesign of the implant (the specific features of its structure: the shape, the characteristics and the number of thread turns). However, there are not so many comparative clinical trials exploring the effects of the main characteristics of the implant on the success of prosthetic procedures. For the practical dentist, the problem of selecting the implant system remains topical, which is why the proposed review is focused on the effects of the dental implant macrodesign on the success of implantation. The search of publications was arranged in the PubMed and eLibrary search engines using the “dental implant”, “dental implant macro-design”, “number of dental implant turns” and “implant thread characteristics” search enquiries with focusing on the research works evaluating the effects of the main characteristics of the implant in terms of primary stability and osteointegration. Various geometric parameters of the implant were analyzed, such as the shape, the length, the diameter and the thread characteristics, with further evaluating their significance for optimal tension distribution, as well as the effects on bone remodeling during the process of osteointegration. The successful implantation is being achieved by synergetic combination of numerous factors. The majority of investigators adhere to the opinion that implants shall be selected individually for each specific case with taking into consideration the local and general factors. However, the characteristics of the implant thread and the number of its thread turns improve the primary stability and represent a prerequisite for successful osteointegration. The choice of implant thread construction plays an important role for a treatment result. It was shown that the macrodesign of the implant, specifically its shape (cone), its length and diameter, higher thread width and depth, lesser thread pitch and higher numbers of thread turns influence the primary stability. Specifically these characteristics, according to our opinion, assure the success of dental implantation.

Endodontic retreatment is a delicate procedure the success of which is associated both with the presence of factors complicating the prognosis and with the dentist’s technical capabilities. To obtain a predicable result, a clinician should not only have new technologies, but also be skilled in using them. This clinical case describes the successful implementation of classic internal root resorption treatment methods combined with new files and bioceramic materials throughout the non-surgery tooth treatment with internal perforated resorption complicated by the endo-periodontal lesion and odontogenic sinusitis.

Contemporary approaches to orthodontic treatment are complex: in complicated cases, they combine removable/fixed orthodontic appliances and surgical treatment, i.e., extraction of permanent teeth. In order to prevent negative outcomes and complications that can follow correction of dentofacial abnormalities and deformities, children and adults alike need to be thoroughly examined and prepared to the orthodontic stage of treatment. Many studies point to the relationship between orthodontic treatment and development of somatic dysfunctions. The purpose of this work was to develop an osteopathic disorders correction algorithm that can be introduced to an interdisciplinary protocol uniting efforts by an osteopath and an orthodontist with the aim to improve the quality of specialized orthodontic medical care.

The lens (lens cristalina) is part of the light conducting and light refracting system of the eye. Transparency and light refraction are the main properties of the lens. Nutrients are supplied to the lens through the capsule by diffusion and active transport. The energy needs of the avascular epithelial structure are 10–20 lower compared to that of other organs and tissues. Such needs are satisfied through anaerobic glycolysis. Currently, there is insufficient information about the fundamental chemical mechanism underlying the existence of the lens in the healthy body, the mechanisms of its functional “survival” against the background of somatic disorder, such as diabetes. The paper reports the authors’ view of certain chemical aspects clarifying pathochemical alterations of the lens with the possible mechanisms underlying its “adaptation”/”protection” associated with the systemic disorder at the molecular level. In particular, the view of the involvement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/ transketolase, the enzymes of the oxidative and non-oxidative phases of the pentose phosphate pathway belonging to the native crystalline fraction protein family, in the mechanisms underlying protection of the lens against the oxidative and osmotic stress, involvement of aldo-keto reductases in pathochemical alterations of the lens, as well as the role the NO, NO3-, B6, PQQ small molecules having an antioxidant cytoprotective effect is reported.

Aims – to study the dynamics of postural balance indicators in the process of total reconstruction of dentition occlusion. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 48 patients receiving dental orthopedic treatment for pathology of hard dental tissues and partial absence of teeth. Monitoring of postural status was carried out according to stabilometric studies and photometry of the direction and angular values of deviations of the general center of gravity of the body, the centers of gravity of body regions and the lines of their boundaries. Results. Before treatment, the examined patients were characterized by a ventral shift in the general center of gravity (5,07±0,62º) and the center of gravity of the cervical spine (5,50±0,75º), a shift in the center of gravity of the lumbosacral spine to the right (5,92±0,59º), significant inclination of the biauricular (7,09±0,57º), biacromial (8,31±0,84º), superior bicondylar (8,73±0,75º) lines in the frontal plane and clavioscapular (8,08±1,03º), bispinal (8,50±0,69º) lines – in the sagittal plane, as well as a pronounced decrease relative to the known norms of the statokinesiogram area indicators (273,06±82,62 mm 2 in test with eyes closed), the average position of the center of pressure in the frontal (–1,43±2,01 mm in the test with eyes closed) and sagittal (–36,94±7,39 mm and –28,17±4,48 mm in tests with open and closed eyes, respectively) axes. As the occlusal balance is restored using orthopedic dental methods, normalization of the values of all of the listed parameters has been recorded, with the exception of the angle of inclination of the upper bicondylar line. Conclusions. The angles of inclination of the pelvis and head in the frontal and sagittal planes, the asymmetry of the belt of the upper limbs and the range of fluctuations in the center of pressure of the feet along the sagittal and frontal axes are informative indicators of postural compensation for changes in the position of the lower jaw and disturbances in the occlusal balance of the dentition. To correct the corresponding posturological disorders, it is advisable to organize an interdisciplinary approach in the management of orthopedic dental patients with chiropractors, rehabilitation therapists, kinesiologists, and osteopaths.

The article presents a method of rehabilitation of a patient with partial secondary adentia in segment 3, complicated by atrophy of the alveolar process. During the treatment, bone augmentation was performed using an individual bone graft with simultaneous installation of dental implants, conditions were created for the formation of a soft-tissue barrier, permanent orthopedic structures were made based on installed implants. Common types of bone grafting according to Kuri and Urban are described. A clinical case is presented: the initial situation, anamnesis, X-ray, CT scan. The logic of decision-making when choosing treatment in a given clinical case is described, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient

Background. Periodontitis is a progressive lesion of periodontal tissues and one of the most important causes of tooth loss. According to recent publications, periodontitis affects from 11% to 50% of the world’s adult population. Therefore, the problem of developing effective methods for treating and preventing this disease remains relevant. Metabolic disorders in the periodontium are known to contribute to the development of periodontitis. A pronounced change in hemodynamics and microcirculation leads to trophic disturbance of periodontal tissues, thus triggering the development of pronounced hypoxia in these tissues. Thus, prevention and elimination of hypoxia is one of the most important stages of pathogenetic treatment. Objective. To experimentally evaluate the efficacy of injectable carboxytherapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases using an in vivo model of periodontitis in rats. Methods. A preclinical experimental study was conducted on 30 sexually mature Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups, including I–III experimental groups (n = 27) and a control group (n = 3). In all experimental groups, periodontitis was modelled. In group I (n = 9), no treatment was performed. In group II (n = 9), carboxytherapy with a carbon dioxide flow rate of 5 ml/min was conducted. In group III (n = 9), carboxytherapy with a flow rate of 10 ml/ min was conducted. The experimental animals were injected with carbon dioxide once, twice, or three times 7 days after surgical intervention at weekly intervals. The efficacy of injected carboxytherapy in rat periodontium with respect to the control was evaluated by histologic analysis. The norm criteria were the lamellar structure of compact alveolar bone, the presence of periodontal ligament between the alveolar bone and the tooth, represented by oriented collagen fibers with orderly arranged fibroblasts between them (final signs). The intermediate outcome was considered based on the launch of neovascularization and neocollagenogenesis processes. The criterion of neovascularization and neocollagenogenesis activation was considered to be an increase in the number of young collagen fibers, an increase in fibroblast-like cells of outgrowth form with a high expression of procollagen in the connective tissue matrix (intermediate signs). Integral indices on intermediate signs and on final signs were brought to normalized indices as a fraction of the maximum possible sum of points in the group. The dynamics of the normalized indicator for intermediate and final signs was considered. The results were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 (IBM Inc., USA). Results. The histological study of the mandible of rats from group I demonstrated that the destruction of the periodontal ligament in the absence of treatment leads to the widening of the periodontal gap, accompanied by inflammatory processes and thinning of collagen fibers due to the growth of edema, the appearance of resorption lacunae and, further, to the resorption of alveolar bone. At the same time, groups II and III showed a gradual decrease in the inflammatory reaction, formation of young collagen fibers, and, as a consequence, restoration of the periodontal space. In these groups, the histologic pattern corresponded to the norm in the case of three times carboxytherapy injection with a flow rate of 5 ml/min and already in the case of two times injection with a flow rate of 10 ml/min. Conclusion. The use of injectable carboxytherapy to treat periodontal ligament lesions not only restores its microarchitectonics, but also prevents further resorption of alveolar bone. This may have a positive effect in the treatment of periodontal disease.

The aim of the work was to study the morphological state of the dentition of persons with normal occlusion according to cephalometric X-ray using extraoral parameters. A method for assessing the state of the maxillofacial system using the PoN reference line, PL line, PLV extrafacial vertical line is proposed. Schemes for determining the parameters formed on their basis are presented as well. These parameters will allow diagnosing disorders of maxillofacial system in patients with malocclusions at a higher quality level. The average values of the proposed new parameters were determined and presented in tables using extraoral parameters in persons 7–15 years old with normal occlusion. A comparative analysis of the angular and linear indices of cephalometric images in persons 7–12 and 12–15 years old with normal occlusion showed that with age the tendency of their change is identical to traditional methods. The proposed and studied angular and linear indices of cephalometric images in persons 7–15 years old with normal occlusion using extraoral parameters (PL line and PLV vertical line) are recommended for use in the practical work of orthodontists.

Subject of study. Raman spectroscopy was used for spectral assessment of changes in enamel and dentin after inoffice whitening. Aim of study. ARaman-spectroscopic study of changes in the composition of enamel and dentin in human teeth after in-office whitening (using a chemical tooth whitening solution containing40% hydrogen peroxide) was conducted. Method. Raman spectroscopy was selected as the primary research method. The setup included a laser (LML-785.0RB-04), a spectrograph (Shamrock SR-303i) with a camera(ANDORDV-420A-OE, 60 degrees C), a Raman probe (PBL 785), and a laptop. Main results. The studies performed included the use of an extended logitregression spectral analysis to assess the enamel and dentin of teeth after the in-office whitening procedure. The main spectral changes in hard dental tissues after tooth whitening were measured. The spectral changes in dentin after whitening are insignificant, which indicates that the whitening method used does not affect internal dental tissue and leads to minor mineralization-related changes in tooth enamel composition. Practical significance. The results obtained in this paper enabled us to develop requirements for an express method for assessment of tooth enamel condition after in-office whitening in in-vitro studies. (c) 2023 Optica Publishing Group

В статье рассматривается актуальная на протяжении последних нескольких десятилетий проблема наличия и расположения зачатков третьих моляров и возможности их прорезывания без влияния на зубочелюстную систему. Отечественные и зарубежные специалисты изучают ее с применением различных методик диагностики. В данной статье проведен анализ наиболее доступного и наиболее часто применяемого рентгенологического метода диагностики – ортопантомографии (ОПТГ). Целью исследования являлось изучение прогноза прорезывания нижних третьих моляров в зависимости от их положения относительно «стресс-оси». Проанализировано 84 ОПТГ пациентов в возрасте 12–25 лет. Для расшифровки ОПТГ была применена методика Фищева с соавт. (2012), позволяющая определить положение третьих нижних моляров относительно «стресс-оси», а также модификация методики Demirjian (1973) для определения стадии их формирования. Полученные данные обработаны статистически. Результаты представлены в виде таблиц, диаграмм, а также корреляционных связей, проведено обсуждение их интерпретации. Полученные данные позволили сделать выводы о достоверном изменении только угла наклона и стадий формирования корней третьих моляров нижней челюсти, отсутствии изменения гониального угла и положения изученных зубов с возрастом. При этом выявлено, что расположение коронковой части третьих моляров ниже «стресс-оси» не ухудшает прогноз их прорезывания. The article discusses the issue of the important problem of the presence and location of the primordia of third molars and the possibility of their eruption without affecting the dentition. The problem is relevant and is being studied by domestic and foreign specialists from different angles and using various diagnostic techniques. This article is based on the analysis of the most accessible and most frequently used X-ray diagnostic method – panoramic X-ray. The purpose was to study the prognosis of eruption of the lower third molars, depending on their position relative to the "stress axis". 84 panoramic images of patients 12–25 years old were analyzed. To study the OPTG, the method of Fishchev et al. (2012) was applied, which determines the position of the third lower molars relative to the "stress axis", as well as a modification of the method by Demirjian (1973) to determine the stage of their formation. The data were processed statistically. The results are presented in tables and diagrams, as well as correlations, and a discussion of their interpretation is held. These data allowed us to draw conclusions about a significant change in only the angle of inclination and the stages of formation of the roots of the third molars of the lower jaw, the absence of changes in the gonial angle and the position of the studied teeth with age. At the same time, it was found that the location of the coronal part of the third molars below the "stress axis" does not worsen the prognosis of their eruption.

Выявление диагностических маркеров при оценке фаций слюны при хроническом генерализованном пародонтите для определения степени тяжести его течения. В исследование включены 44 пациента в возрасте от 20 до 50 лет с диагнозом «Хронический генерализованный пародонтит легкой и средней степени тяжести (обострение)» до лечения. Группу сравнения составили практически здоровые лица (n = 30) в возрасте 19–25 лет, без соматических заболеваний, с санированной полостью рта. Анализировали фации слюны, собранной утром (до 10:00 ч), до первого приема пищи. Изучение рисунка кристаллизации проводили не ранее чем через 24 часа при помощи исследовательского светового микроскопа и микровидеокамеры «LevenhukM800+», использовали увеличение ×25; ×40; ×100. Давали характеристику структур основных зон: центральной (солевой), промежуточной и краевой (белковой). В контрольной группе пациентов без заболеваний ротовой полости центральная зона занимала наибольшую площадь и была представлена «листьями папоротника», в единичных случаях – крестовидными структурами. Промежуточная зона характеризовалась выраженной вариабельностью. Наиболее ярким критерием, отличавшим фации слюны больных хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом, явилась линия пигментации в краевой зоне, которая наблюдалась в 100 % случаев как легкого течения, так и течения средней тяжести. В группе больных генерализованным хроническим пародонтитом средней степени тяжести эта линия была значимо ярче и составляла в среднем 64,13 ± 2,25 мкм, тогда как в группе с этой же патологией, но легким течением пигментированная, линия составляла 46,79 ± 3,21 мкм. Для генерализованного хронического пародонтита наиболее ярким диагностическим маркером при анализе фаций слюны является краевая линия пигментации, расширяющаяся в связи с тяжестью заболевания.

Aims . To analyse the impact of electromagnetic oscillations in the sound range on diffusion the 3.25 % solution of sodium hypochlorite in the dentine of the tooth root. Materials and methods . A pilot study on diffusion of 3.25% of solution of sodium hypochlorite with dye fuchsine red was executed on 100 extracted teeth of the person. The control group was made by 40 teeth, the introduction of an antiseptic was conducted without use of sound waves. The main group of 60 teeth was divided into 3 subgroups. For the purpose of intensifying of the penetration of an antiseptic in each subgroup, electromagnetic oscillations (frequency range around 20,000 Hz) were applied with exposition time respectively 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes. Results . Application of sound waves in the canal of a tooth root led to augmentation of penetration of an antiseptic in the system of dentinal canaliculus and microchannels of the tooth root dentine. Conclusions . This process took place most effectively in single-root teeth when exposed to sound vibrations, smaller efficiency is revealed in multirooted teeth that indicates the difference in physical properties of the tissues of the various groups of the teeth.

Цель исследования. Повысить эффективность диагностики анатомо-функционального состояния височно-нижнечелюстного сустава (ВНЧС) у пациентов в возрасте 12-17 лет с дистальной окклюзией с применением авторских методов. Объекты и методы исследования. Анатомо-функциональное состояние зубочелюстной системыу пациентов в возрасте 12-17 лет с дистальной окклюзией в сочетании с сагиттальной резцовой дизокклюзией с целью повышения эффективности диагностики функционального состояния височно-нижнечелюстного сустава. Обследованы 57 пациентов, которые были разделены на две возрастные группы: М1 – 12-15 лет и М2 – 15-17 лет; две группы: основная – 57 пациентов с дистальной окклюзией в сочетании с сагиттальной резцовой дизокклюзией, контрольная – 26 лиц с нормальной окклюзией и отсутствием симптомов дисфункции височно-нижнечелюстных суставов (ВНЧС). Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. С У обследованных пациентов в возрасте 12-17 лет с дистальной окклюзией в сочетании с сагиттальной резцовой дизокклюзией установлено: уменьшение амплитуды открывания рта и смещение нижней челюсти в сторону во фронтальной проекции при выполнении пробы максимального опускания и поднимания нижней челюсти с максимально возможным прямолинейным движением. В обеих возрастных группах пациентов с дистальной окклюзией в сочетании с сагиттальной резцовой дизокклюзией предполагает наличие подвывиха суставного диска ВНЧС, а также нарушение координации и симметричности в работе мышц, поднимающих нижнюю челюсть. Заключение. Результаты исследования методом кинезиографии нижней челюсти пациентов с дистальной окклюзией указывают на нарушение координации в работе мышц, поднимающих и опускающих нижнюю челюсть, а также на внутренние нарушения в области ВНЧС.

Цель исследования — проанализировать обусловленность изменения положения третьих моляров (ТМ) с возрастом. Проанализированы более 3000 ортопантомограмм (ОПТГ) челюстей пациентов в возрасте от 7 до 25 лет с различными аномалиями зубочелюстной системы: скученное положение зубов, сужение зубных рядов, мезиальная и дистальная окклюзия. Изучали стадии формирования ТМ, угол их наклона и их расположение относительно биссектрисы гониального угла и контрфорсов верхней и нижней челюсти. Контрфорсы на верхней челюсти располагаются вертикально и не препятствуют правильному прорезыванию зубов. При расстоянии от контрфорса до зачатка нижнего ТМ более 2,0 мм и угле наклона более 70° возможно его прорезывание, а при отсутствии расстояния и угле наклона менее 70° целесообразно удалять эти зубы (патент № 2778775, действ. с 28.12.2020). Расстояние от коронок нижних ТМ относительно биссектрисы гониального угла и угол наклона моляров с возрастом уменьшаются. Анализ корреляционных связей параметров ОТПГ челюстей показал значимую взаимосвязь таких показателей как возраст, положение и угол наклона ТМ, величина гониального угла и стадия формирования корней моляров. The aim of the study is to analyze the conditionality of changes in the position of the third molars (TM) with age. . More than 3000 orthopantomograms (OPTG) of the jaws of patients aged 7 to 25 years with various anomalies of the maxillary system were analyzed: crowded position of teeth, narrowing of dentition, mesial and distal occlusion. The stages of TM formation, their angle of inclination and their location relative to the bisector of the gonial angle and buttresses of the upper and lower jaws were studied. . Buttresses on the upper jaw are arranged vertically and do not prevent proper teething. If the distance from the buttress to the rudiment of the lower TM is more than 2.0 mm and the angle of inclination is more than 70°, its eruption is possible, and if there is no distance and the angle of inclination is less than 70°, it is advisable to remove these teeth (patent No. 2778775, effective from 12.28.2020). The distance from the crowns of the lower TM relative to the bisector of the gonial angle and the angle of inclination of the molars decrease with age. . The analysis of correlations between the OPTG parameters of the jaw showed a significant relationship between such indicators as age, the position of the third molars, the angle of inclination of the third molars, the value of the gonial angle and the stage of formation of molar roots.