Many sport-for-development and peace (SDP) organizations involve the use of pedagogical practices to achieve social aims, including educational outcomes. However, there have been consistent critiques of SDP organizations utilizing didactic pedagogical approaches combined with pre-packaged curriculum - sometimes developed by Global North actors - for implementation of programs. In more recent years, several studies have illustrated the importance of advancing critical pedagogy in SDP programs to prioritize local context and experiences of participants, induce collaboration between educators and learners, and build critical consciousness of the power dynamics within social, political and cultural realities in which SDP takes place in. Given that education is central to the achievement of social aims in SDP, further research is required to understand how organizations reflect the themes of Paulo Freire's critical pedagogy. The purpose of this study is to use Paulo Freire's critical pedagogy to analyze the pedagogical practice of an SDP organization, Instituto Fazer Acontecer (IFA) and their Sport 3 Methodology that is implemented in municipalities in Bahia, Brazil. 31 semi-structured interviews with IFA leadership, socioeducators (teachers of the Sport 3 Methodology) and youth participants were conducted. Data analysis resulted in the development of three themes: (1) socioeducators as facilitators of learning; (2) the Sport 3 Methodology as adaptable for problem-posing and dialogue; and (3) challenging existing norms of sport in Brazil. We discuss these findings in relation to existing literature to build on and advance research into critical pedagogy in SDP. Specifically, the organizational culture built by IFA and their partnerships with local municipalities enables deep prioritization of local context and conditions of people's lives in the design and delivery of the Sport 3 Methodology. Additionally, IFA's Sport 3 Methodology illustrates how critical pedagogy in SDP can prompt dialogue, problem posing and critical consciousness about dominant forms of sport.

The construction of safe space in the design of sport organizations and sport for development and peace (SDP) programs has been empirically investigated. Constructing safe spaces is critical for enhancing feelings of safety for historically marginalized populations, yet there remain few studies that specifically focus on safe space and Black and People of Color communities. The purpose of this study is to examine the strategies used by staff members to construct The V3 Center as a safe space and the experiences of individuals within this safe space. The V3 Center is a new health, sport, and community center in North Minneapolis serving a predominantly Black community. Utilizing the multidimensional concept of safe space that includes physical, psychological, sociocultural, political, and experimental dimensions and a participatory action research (PAR) approach, this study illustrates what strategies staff of The V3 Center use to construct safe space and the experiences of safe space by users of the facility. Data collection with 22 individuals took place using semi-structured interviews and photovoice. The findings of this study, organized around the five dimensions of safe space, illustrate how risk-taking underpins the four other dimensions of safe space and how The V3 Center ultimately seeks to produce a space that challenges systemic inequalities experienced by North Minneapolis residents, particularly Black and People of Color populations. Theoretically, this study points to the importance of the interconnections of the dimensions of safe space and risk-taking through utilizing sports that are non-traditional in certain communities.

Nigeria is an ethnically diverse nation regarded as the 'giant of Africa' which boasts one of the largest youth populations in the world and a rich sport history. Nigeria operates a complex sport system across its three levels of government (federal, state, and local). There remains a dearth of literature on Nigerian sport policy and analysis with available inquiries exploring the now phased out 2009 National Sport Policy (NSP). The formulation of the 2020 National Sport Industry Policy (NSIP) shifts sport's focus beyond recreational utility in Nigeria to industrialisation and leverage towards economic development. This country profile paper explores Nigeria's sport policy landscape, beginning with a historical overview of sport in Nigeria and the government's involvement in sport policy. Then, the paper provides an overview of the administrative structure of sport before discussing the funding channels for sports organisations. Following this, an exploration of the priority areas of the recent 2020 NSIP is conducted, with comparisons made to the previous 2009 National Sport Policy. The country profile concludes with a discussion of key trends in sport public policy research as it relates to the NSIP 2020.

This study aims to provide deeper understanding of the "grand narratives" surrounding the promise and potential that bicycles and entrepreneurship are assumed to have for women in the Global South. Decolonial feminism is used to contest Eurocentric narratives underlying bicycles and entrepreneurship and to provide nuanced insight into how women in Northern Uganda resist the oppression resulting from colonialism and patriarchy. Eighteen women from two communities shared their lived experiences of using bicycles received from a nongovernmental organization. The findings revealed that bicycles are used by women for income-generation and business activities that largely align with dominant Westernized narratives of entrepreneurship that reproduce capitalist modes of thinking. Histories of colonialism and coloniality influence gendered roles and identities that are reflected in the work women do. However, the self-organization of women has led to bicycles and "bicycle savings groups" being used by women to promote unity and advocacy that resist patriarchal oppression and may alter gender relations. This paper contributes to existing literature on gender, mobilities, and entrepreneurship, demonstrating the usefulness of decolonial feminism to reveal the threads of oppression experienced by women while at the same time centering subaltern women's agency. The findings unveiled the need to better account for heterogenous experiences of mobilities and entrepreneurship, particularly those of subaltern women who are framed as the beneficiaries of bicycles through grand narratives.

Within sport for development and peace (SDP), social entrepreneurship and innovation have been noted by scholars as important for navigating resource scarcity and adjusting to pressing social issues. However, most research remains focused on organizational-level innovation rather than at the individual level. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relevance of the concept of entrepreneurial mindset for the SDP field. Following a brief overview of social entrepreneurship and innovation in SDP, the foundations of an entrepreneurial mindset are outlined. Three aspects of an entrepreneurial mindset—cognitive, emotional, and behavioral—are discussed within the SDP context. Additionally, a set of research questions are presented to advance the existing body of knowledge. We argue that entrepreneurial mindset provides a meaningful framework for the identification of specific strategies for how SDP practitioners can create more transformative organizations through their recruitment, training, and support of staff members.

In the sport for development and peace (SDP) field, emotions play a key role. The purpose of this study was to examine how SDP practitioners in organizations serving refugees use emotion work and emotional labor strategies that seek to manage their own and other's emotions. The conceptual framework guiding this study brings together literature on emotion work and emotional labor. A qualitative research design was used, and 14 semi-structured interviews were undertaken from May to July 2023 with SDP practitioners (e.g. program directors, founders, project managers) from organizations located in North America, Africa, Europe, Asia, and South America. Data analysis led to the construction of three themes, including: (1) humanizing in storytelling; (2) controlling emotions in the management of SDP implementation; and (3) caring. Humanizing in storytelling sought to challenge people's assumptions about the refugee communities SDP organizations work with. Controlling emotions refers to the emotional labor and work that practitioners engage in to manage their own feelings when working with refugees. Caring for how refugees are represented and acknowledging emotions in SDP implementation underpins the first and second themes. This study advances a deeper understanding of the reflexive, purposeful work SDP practitioners undertake to ensure care for and of refugees. Theoretically, the study demonstrates how the emotional labor of individuals connects with and plays a role in emotion work carried out at an organizational level. SDP practitioners should consider both staff and program participant's emotions and include training in emotional regulation for programs.

Digital technologies have been recognised as a promising social innovation strategy and are exercised in various ways to assist sport-for-development (SDP) programmes to better achieve their desired social change missions. Research on technology in SDP remain scarce, with some exceptions focused on their positive impact and outcomes. However, social innovations may not always exert positive outcomes and/or challenge the status quo. Hence, this study used the Behavioural Reasoning Theory to explore the beliefs, values, reasons and motives influencing a failed adoption of a digital app in an SDP program, by examining users' experiences across three pilot cities (Thessaloniki, Vilnius and Ghent). Fifty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with cause champions, on-site practitioners, and youth and/or sport organisations. These findings revealed resistance toward the technology and highlight the value of examining failures to advance both theoretical understanding of SDP social innovations and make critical programmatic suggestions for SDP programmes to consider from the on-set.

Despite the growth of the sport-for-development and peace (SDP) field, the sector remains heavily resource-constrained whereby organizations have limited resources but also operate in resource-scarce environments. Given this, we draw on the theoretical concept of bricolage to explore how such resource constraints are overcome. In this study, an organization implementing SDP for refugees and throughout their existence have been confronted with resource constraints is examined. Across the organization's start-up phase and growth stage, multiple forms of bricolage are identified, which enabled the organization to address the social needs of refugees through SDP. We discuss these findings in relation to existing literature on bricolage as well as social entrepreneurship in SDP, emphasizing the way in which the recombination of resources offers opportunities for organizations and practitioners to effectively manage a scarce resource base.

In this chapter, we explore how queer theory and Sport for Development (SfD) programs focused on gender-based violence (GBV) prevention might work towards challenging heteronormative approaches to sport that reinforce binary categories of gender. To do so, we consider how queer theory and GBV are positioned in and through SfD. Despite efforts made by SfD programs to promote GBV prevention, gendered and heteronormative violence still permeate in sporting spaces. In a partial effort to address such concerns, this chapter critically examines how SfD perpetuates heteronormative narratives of gender and how this may (re)produce exclusion and violence for queer-identifying participants. Hence, incorporating perspectives of queer theory into SfD programs may promote access to sporting spaces for queer people. Drawing on two SfD program examples, we critically explore new potential directions for SfD researchers and practitioners that may dismantle heteronormativity GBV in sporting spaces.

Research question: While there is a growing body of scholarship on institutional work in sport, less is known about the role of emotions by which institutions are affected. This study aims to explore the role of emotions in sport-for-development and peace (SDP)-related institutional work to challenge conditions of social inequality for refugees in Kampala, Uganda. Two core research questions are: (1) How do emotions related to forced displacement inform the institutional work of an SDP organization ? (2) What emotions are mobilized by refugees and an SDP organization to challenge the institution of social inequality ? Research methods: Guided by a participatory action research approach, fieldwork was undertaken with a refugee-led organization in Kampala. Data collection included semi-structured interviews, photovoice, and photocollaging. Ethical consent was obtained from all individuals participating in the research and for the display of images. Results and Findings: The findings demonstrate that a variety of emotions experienced as positive (e.g. love of sport) or negative (e.g. stress) stimulate SDP-related work to change relations between host communities and refugees. The findings also illustrate that emotions experienced positively (e.g. nostalgia, happiness) were generated via SDP activities, including creation of sport groups related to homelands and conflict resolution among refugees and host communities. Three mechanisms diverting, bonding, peacemaking - are identified that enabled SDP-related practices to transform refugees ' emotions. The resulting positive emotional state helped to undermine the institution of social inequality between the host community and refugees. Implications: This study advances theoretical development of institutional theory in sport management by accounting for the lived experience and emotions that play a role in SDP-related institutional work.

The colonising tendencies of Western research - in which Indigenous and racialised bodies are deliberately misrepresented - has justified the exploitation and violence towards these communities. Within the field of qualitative sport research, there is a need for research methodologies that relinquish power from the researcher, into the hands of the research communities . This paper aims to demonstrate the utility of a decolonial feminist participatory action research (PAR) approach to arts-based methods for sport research through an exploration of fieldwork with a Toronto-based bicycle organisation. A combination of data collection methods were used, including: 1) arts-based methods; 2) semi-structured interviews; and 3) reflexive journal notes. The results of this project demonstrated that a decolonial feminist PAR approach to arts-based methods can: 1) illuminate the non-human actors within art and bicycling; 2) help research colleagues critique systems of oppression; and 3) facilitate research colleague agency. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the importance of co-creating knowledge within sport scholarship to illuminate the diverse knowledges of those vulnerable to systemic oppression and erasure. This is a novel direction for challenging power relations within sport research and within sociological research more broadly.

Applying the concept of diaspora, this paper examines an organization in Kampala, Uganda that utilizes sport to foster cultural belonging and increase livelihood opportunities for refugees. A participatory action research approach was implemented with multiple forms of data collection including semistructured interviews, photovoice, and photocollaging. Findings highlight how sport and livelihoods are used by refugees to resist exclusion and other inequalities in Kampala and to express diaspora space and consciousness. Discussion highlights the usefulness of the concept of diaspora for understanding the intersections of sport, refugees, livelihoods, and, more importantly, to stimulate a homing desire for refugees forcibly displaced.

Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) continues to grow, both in research and practice. Recently, researchers have considered the merits of unstructured sport as a way of realizing sport's benefits while circumnavigating its perceived problematic elements. This article reports findings from research on 'Bicycles for Development' (BFD) - a movement that trades on bicycle access as a way of achieving development objectives. We draw from interviews and fieldwork with BFD stakeholders, with the aim of examining BFD in relation to the SDP field - and de-sportization especially. Three research findings are relevant along these lines: (1) bicycles as beneficial due to their inherent multi-functionality; (2) the merits of unstructured physical activity; and (3) factors that impact negatively on bicycle access and thus might hinder BFD's transformational potential. We conclude with reflections on BFD's potential in subverting both common notions of sport in SDP and the neoliberal model of SDP provision.

Practice, policy, and research related to entrepreneurship and sport for development and peace (SDP) continues to grow. As most SDP actors operate with resource-constraints and must navigate complex institutional environments, entrepreneurship may present unique ways for organisations, staff, and communities involved in the sector to succeed and ensure sustainability of SDP programs. In this chapter, we (1) provide a brief overview of entrepreneurship and discuss its influence on the SDP sector, particularly in regard to entrepreneurial orientation (EO); and (2) highlight the possibilities of and challenges that entrepreneurship may face in SDP. More specifically, we discuss how nonprofit organisations may exhibit entrepreneurship in ways that contrast with the entrepreneurial behaviour of actors in the private sector, and highlight the application of EO in SDP by both individuals and organisations. We conclude by discussing the ways in which EO may benefit the SDP field and suggest areas for future research.

Social entrepreneurship has garnered increased attention from scholars in a number of disciplines, especially international development and to a growing degree, sport management. Responding to recent calls within institutional theory and sport management, in this study, the lens of institutional work is employed to explore how a refugee-led organization in Uganda and its members utilize sport-related social entrepreneurship to create, maintain, and disrupt institutions. Data analysis revealed three overarching themes related to the purposeful, intentional work of actors, including: the use of sport microfinance savings groups to fill institutional voids; social entrepreneurship work by refugees to build social and economic value; and experimentation work to disrupt gender norms. Findings underscore the way in which both organizations and individuals engage in sport-related social entrepreneurial activities to create, maintain, and contest interrelated institutions, in particular institutionalized poverty and gender. Discussion is presented which expands theoretical and practical knowledge on the institutional work and practices of individuals and organizations acting innovatively to contest institutional arrangements and the poverty of refugees.

There are a variety of important methodological considerations for collaborations between global North researchers and local community-based researchers undertaking empirical investigation in the field of sport for development and peace (SDP) in the global South. To explore these, we outline the participatory action research methodology adopted in this study and the use of visual and digital methods to explore the use of bicycles to achieve international development goals - as part of what we call the 'bicycles for development' (BFD) movement - in Uganda. We describe (1) the preparation involved in such an approach; (2) the collaborative processes of visual and digital methods utilised for the research; and (3) key elements of our participatory approach, including mutual learning, understanding expectations of the international partnership, and interpreting the nuances involved in conducting cross-cultural research. We conclude the paper by discussing the methodological implications these three elements have for future SDP and BFD research and the importance of critically considering team-based, participatory action research.