Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides is a medicinal plant employed in the production of phytomedicines in Burkina Faso, including FACA®, which is used for the treatment of sickle cell disease. A chemometric spectral-prediction approach was applied to classify Z. zanthoxyloides organ powders according to organ type, including leaves, stem bark, and roots. The characteristic FTIR spectral profile of Z. zanthoxyloides powders revealed spectral bands of interest between 800 and 1750 cm-1, enabling discrimination among the analyzed powders. A Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model was constructed using spectral data from 75 powder samples representing three plant organs, collected from three sites in Burkina Faso. The PLS-DA model, validated through ANOVA and permutation tests, demonstrated excellent performance, achieving 93.33% overall classification accuracy and an ROC-AUC exceeding 0.90 across the three organ classes. This statistical model enabled the determination of the botanical affiliation of 33 new plant powders by accurately assigning them to their respective organ classes of Z. zanthoxyloides. Chemical characterization of powders using their FTIR spectral profiles represents a green analytical approach contributing to the standardization of botanical raw materials. Integrating chemometric and multivariate data-analysis tools into raw-material quality-control routines will enhance the safety and reliability of locally produced phytomedicines.

Several plants used by local communities have interesting nutritional values andtherapeutic properties, but they are not very well known. The aim of this study was todetermine the phytochemistry, mineral content, and acute toxicity of Daniellia oliveri and Cassia tora Linn., which are used for their nutritional and therapeutic benefits. The chemical components and mineral content of the aqueous extracts of Daniellia oliveri leaves and Cassia tora leaves and stems were determined using thin-layer chromatography and AOAC methods, respectively. Acute toxicity was evaluated at 2000 mg/kg body weight in female Wistar rats according to the guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The results showed the presence of potentially bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, sterols, and triterpenes. Cassia tora had higher levels of potassium (13.44 mg/g) and calcium (2.57 mg/g) compared to Daniellia oliveri (4.42 and 1.69 mg/g, respectively). Ironconcentrations were higher in Cassia tora (252.2 μg/g) than in Daniellia oliveri (137.86 μg/g), while the latter had a higher manganese content (47.92 μg/g versus 28.73 μg/g). These values are comparable to the best local food sources of iron inBurkina Faso. The acute oral toxicity test showed no toxic effects, and the LD50 is estimated to be over 2000 mg/kg body weight. The results could provide a scientific basis for developing improved traditional medicines and/or dietary supplements

Tropical medicinal plants constitute an important source of structurally diverse metabolites with potential value for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and biotechnological research. Conventional natural-product discovery pipelines, however, remain limited by slow metabolite identification, fragmented ethnobotanical information and restricted translation from screening to validated candidates. This review examines Bioprospecting 4.0 as an integrated framework that combines untargeted metabolomics, ethnobotanical databases, artificial intelligence, cheminformatics and systems biology for the prioritisation of bioactive molecules from tropical medicinal plants. Particular attention is given to LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics, molecular networking, NMR-supported structural elucidation, knowledge graphs and AI-assisted prediction of biological targets and ADMET properties. The review also considers the role of explainable artificial intelligence, uncertainty quantification and active learning in improving interpretability, reproducibility and confidence in candidate selection. In addition, the manuscript discusses multi-omics integration, systems pharmacology, synthetic biology and translational validation as complementary components of next-generation bioprospecting. Ethical governance, FAIR data principles, biodiversity conservation and Access and Benefit-Sharing frameworks are addressed as essential requirements for responsible research involving genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. Overall, the review highlights that Bioprospecting 4.0 can support a more systematic, transparent and ethically grounded exploration of tropical plant chemodiversity, while recognising the continuing challenges of data fragmentation, limited infrastructure, underrepresented biodiversity and predictive uncertainty.

In traditional medicine, the leaves of Capparis sepiaria and Maerua angolensis , known as kal-yanga and Zilogo respectively in the local Moore language, are used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed firstly to evaluate in vivo the ability of the extracts to reduce gastric acidity and secondly to determine the contents of bioactive compounds potentially responsible for this effect. The pylorus ligation model in rats was used to assess the plant extracts effect on gastric acidity. Total phenolics were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, while the flavonoid, condensed tannin, and hydrolysable tannin contents were determined by the aluminum trichloride, vanillin and sodium iodate method respectively. The best gastric acid-reducing activity equal to 32.88 milliequivalent of hydrogen ions per liter (mEq H+/L) was obtained with the Maerua angolensis leaves extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg.w.c., compared to the effect of the reference substance, omeprazole (24.88 mEq H+/L) used at 150 mg/kg.w.c. Quantification of the compounds potentially responsible for this activity showed high levels of total phenolic (637.80 mg GAE/g) and tannins (209.27 ± 45.94 mg CE/g; 175.08 ± 11.42 mg TAE/g) condensed and hydrolysable respectively for Capparis sepiaria , and a high level of total flavonoids (53.35 ± 3.10 mg QE/g) for Maerua angolensis . These two plants represent important sources for the development of new improved traditional medicines or nutraceuticals for the management of gastroduodenal ulcers.

Background: Neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, anxiety, and depression, represent a major public health burden in West Africa, where traditional medicine remains the primary therapeutic option for many patients. Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet (Malvaceae), commonly known as the red kapok or false kapok tree, is widely used in traditional West African pharmacopoeia for these conditions. Objective: This narrative review aimed to synthesize the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and preclinical pharmacological data on Bombax costatum and to evaluate its neuroprotective potential. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, AGORA, and Lotus Base, covering the period from 1964 to mai 2026. After removal of duplicates and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 86 distinct documents were selected and analyzed using thematic synthesis. Results: Bombax costatum is a multipurpose species with more than 86 documented traditional uses, mainly for epilepsy, anxiety, depression, and hepatic disorders. Major bioactive compounds identified include epicatechin (isolated from root bark), lupeol (stem bark), along with high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids. Preclinical studies demonstrated significant anticonvulsant effects (PTZ and MES models), antidepressant-like activity (chronic mild stress model), anxiolytic properties (elevated plus maze), and antioxidant activities, primarily through GABAergic modulation, monoaminergic enhancement, and reduction of oxidative stress. The plant also exhibited hepatoprotective effects with a good safety profile (LD₅₀ > 5,000 mg/kg). Conclusion: Bombax costatum shows promising neuroprotective potential that aligns with its traditional uses. However, current evidence is limited to preclinical studies. Future research should prioritize standardization of extracts, pharmacokinetic studies, and rigorous clinical trials to confirm efficacy and safety in humans. Keywords: Bombax costatum, neuroprotection, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, epicatechin, lupeol, traditional African medicine, oxidative stress, GABAergic

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Malaria is the most widespread of insect-borne diseases. It remained a public health concern worldwide and particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Every year, malaria causes several thousand deaths and millions of cases, most of them in children under 5 years. This study aimed to highlight the anti-plasmodial properties of &lt;i&gt;Combretum micranthum&lt;/i&gt; G.Don and &lt;i&gt;Combretum adenogonium&lt;/i&gt; Steud. ex A.Rich., extracts used as antimalarial traditionally. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A phytochemical study of the organic and aqueous extracts from leaves and stem bark powder was applied using colorimetric and spectrometric analysis. The antiplasmodial activity of extracts was assessed &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; using chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 and chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strains. The dose inducing 50% inhibition of parasite viability was calculated from the sigmoidal dose-response curve. The statistical significance threshold was set at 5%. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In 100 mg of extract, the phenolic content was decreased from 47.53 to 20.29 mg GAE, the flavonoid content was from 11.49 to 4.55 mg QE and the flavonol content was from 6.14 to 0.55 mg RE. Interestingly, the aqueous extracts of &lt;i&gt;C. adenogonium&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. micranthum&lt;/i&gt;, corresponding to the traditional mode of extraction, were effective against the CQ-sensitive strains 3D7 with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; <5 μg/mL and ineffective against the CQ-resistant strains Dd2. Their effects were correlated with phenolics, flavonoids and flavonol contents of extracts. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The use of &lt;i&gt;C. adenogonium&lt;/i&gt; as a substitute for &lt;i&gt;C. micranthum&lt;/i&gt; or a combination of the two plants, could reduce the overexploitation of &lt;i&gt;C. micranthum&lt;/i&gt; and promote the ecological management. These results could justify the traditional use of these plants to treat malarial fevers.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global health challenge, partly due to biofilm formation, which protects bacteria against drugs and the immune system. This study investigated the potential of essential oils from Lippia multiflora flowers to inhibit bacterial biofilms, offering a natural alternative to address bacterial resistance. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans was assessed using the agar diffusion method on Luria Bertani agar. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the serial liquid dilution process and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) by the bacterial growth assay on Luria Bertani agar. Biofilm inhibition was tested spectrophotometically at 590 nm using the crystal violet assay, antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH method, and phytochemical composition was determined by gaz chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The essential oils produced larger inhibition zones against S. aureus (28.38 ± 0.23 mm) and S. mutans (24.5 ± 0.25 mm) compared with standard antibiotics (gentamicin disc, 13.5 ± 0.07 mm for S. aureus; oleandomycin disc, 16.5 ± 0.05 mm for S. mutans). MIC was ranged from 0.10 ± 0.00% for both S. aureus and S. mutans, and MBC was not achieved within the tested range (≤ 0.10%). The essential oils inhibited biofilm formation more effectively than salicylic acid (p < 0.001), with inhibition rates of 59.97 ± 0.68% for S. aureus and 71.63 ± 0.15% for S. mutans. Essential oils showed stronger antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 value of 0.23 ± 0.02 µg/µL) compared with the ascorbic acid (DPPH IC50 value of 0.33 ± 0.01 µg/µL). GC-MS analysis identified 22 terpenes, including major components β-caryophyllene (43.55%), germacrene D (16.44%), elemol (10.33%) and eucalyptol (6.41%). These results demonstrated that the essential oils of L. multiflora flowers are a potent source of antibacterial compounds.

Background: Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide because of antibiotic resistance. Ageratum conyzoides is one of the antimicrobial medicinal plants that is being used to fight various multi-resistant pathogenic bacteria in Burkina Faso. Aim: The aim was to promote safe medicinal use of A. conyzoides by highlighting the anti-biofilm and anti-motility effects of its methanol extract. Setting: The study was conducted at the Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: The antibacterial activities of methanol extract were evaluated by evaluating swimming, swarming and twitching motilities performed in an agar medium. The anti-biofilm effect was conducted in microtiter plates using the crystal violet method. The antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyl; 2,2’-azino-bis (3-éthylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power and conducting lipoxygenase test. Results: From the study, 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL of extract presented significant inhibition of P. aeruginosa and E. coli swarming motility but did not exhibit a significant effect on P. aeruginosa swimming and E. coli twitching motilities. The extract was effective in reducing biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting bacterial growth. In addition, the extract showed some capabilities to inhibit lipoxygenase activity and exhibit antioxidant potential, which could contribute to the control of oxidative stress-related diseases. Conclusion: From this study the anti-biofilm and anti-motility potential of the A. conyzoides extract provided the experimental background for the further development of antibacterial drugs. Contribution: This study provided additional scientific evidence to support the use of A. conyzoides in traditional medicine against bacterial infections.

Prosopis africana is traditionally used in folk medicine in Burkina Faso for oral diseases. Leaves and stems are used in rural areas to treat dental caries, and the bark is used to treat green diarrhea in infants. In the context of a better understanding of Prosopis africana’s bioactivity and toxicity, the present study deals with the chemical profiling of the different botanical parts of P. Africana used in phytomedicine. The impact of herbal medicine on various factors contributing to oral infections and caries, specifically with its anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties have been little investigated. The anti-biofilm effect of methanolic extracts of leaves and stems of P. africana was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the crystal violet assay. The anti-quorum sensing effect on Chromobacterium CV026 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed spectrophotometrically by using the violacein, rhamnolipids and pyocyanin quantification assay. The cytotoxicity of the leaves and stems extracts was also evaluated by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. The chemical composition of the extracts was characterized by UPLC-UV/DAD-MS2/ESI-QTOF analysis. The extracts (100 µg/ml), without affecting cells viability, significantly reduced the biofilm formation of S. mutans with the best inhibition rates of 56.7

Background: Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotic therapy has become a global health crisis. Bacterial biofilm formation allows bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics and the host immune system. This study aims to contribute for fighting against bacterial resistance through the inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation by Lippia multiflora flowers essential oils. Methodology: The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans to the essential oils was measured on the Luria Bertani-Agar mediumby using the antibiotic susceptibility test. The anti-biofilm potential of the essential oil was evaluated by t he crystal violet method. The antioxidant potential of the essential oils was assessed by the DPPH method. The phytochemical profile was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Results: The essential oils showed higher growth inhibition diameters of S. aureus (28.38±0.23 mm) and S. mutans (24.5±0.25 mm) than reference antibiotics such as gentamicin 30 mg (13.5 ± 0.07 mm on S. aureus ) and Oleandomycin 10μg (16.5 ± 0.05 mm on S. mutans ).The essential oil was also more active in inhibiting biofilm formation than salicylic acid with inhibition percentages ranged from 60 ± 0.00% on S. aureus and 71.60 ± 0.70% on S. mutans . Moreover, the essential oils exhibited good antioxidant activity with anti-DPPH inhibitory concentration ranged from 0.23 ± 0.02 µg/ùL. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils led to the identification of 22 terpens compounds with 7 major compounds such as β-caryophyllene (43.55%), germacrene D (16.44%), elemol (10.33%), eucalyptol (6.41%), humulene (3.28%), α-phellandrene (2.68%) and β-ocimene (2.62%). Conclusion: These results showed that the essential oils of L. multiflora flowers are a promising candidate in the fight against bacterial resistance.

The widespread use of herbal preparations during childbirth and postnatal care in some developing countries is generating interest in scientific research about their standardized use. This study aims to compare the phytochemical profiles, the antioxidant properties, and the contractile effects of plants used to manage the childbirth of seven samples of plants (bark of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd, leaves and bark of Sclerocarya birrea, leaves of Lawsonia inermis L, whole plant of Sesamum alatum, whole plant of Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl. and brak of Ficus platyphylla). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was carried out using HPTLC and colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. Enzyme inhibition was performed on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX). The contractile effect of uterine smooth muscle in NMRI mice was assessed ex vivo. The screening revealed the presence of several phytoconstituents, such as tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, sterols, and triterpenes. The highest content of phenolic compounds and tannins, respectively 980.61 ± 0.60 and 764.80 ± 0.54 µg GAE/mg dE, were obtained with the ethanolic extract of bark of Sclerocarya birrea (eth‑Dn-e). The highest content of flavonoids (456.95 ± 0.89 µg QE/mg dE) was obtained with the ethanolic extract of Ceratotheca sesamoides (eth‑Y). The ethanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla bark (eth‑G) effectively reduced DPPH, with an IC50 of 1.46 ± 0.06 µg/mL. The highest ferric ion-reducing power was obtained with Sclerocarya birrea bark decoction (Da-Dn-e), (78.95 ± 5.74 mmol AAE/g). Ethanolic macerate of Acacia senegal bark (eth‑D) showed the lowest IC50 against 15-LOX at 32.18 µg/mL. The aqueous macerate of Ceratotheca sesamoides (Ma-Y) gave the highest percentage inhibition of LPO, at 62.07 ± 0.01 %. The highest uterine contraction at 10 mg/mL was 1.38 [A(cm)/uterus(cm)], obtained with ethanolic maceration of the whole plant of Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl. (eth‑Y). The traditional use of plants during childbirth could be linked to the antioxidant and/or uterotonic effects of phytoconstituents. These constitutes a scientific basis that could justify the use of these plants in the management of childbirth.

Aims: This study aimed to compare local variants of X. americana with optimal properties for production in the food and phytomedicine industry. Methodology: The plant material was collected from three sites in Burkina Faso, namely Gonsé, Saponé and Kokologho from May to June 2021. The oil yield was estimated and the physicochemical parameters were performed according to ISO standards. Phytochemical screening of polyphenols and flavonoids was carried out and the antioxidant activities of the oils from different trees were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS tests. Results: The average oil extraction yield for the three variants was 42.30 ± 14.34%.The estimated colour oil was yellow. The oil refraction index indicated that the Gonsé site (1.471 ± 0.002) has the highest value. The highest oil temperature value was obtained from Kokologho trees (30.60 ± 0.21°C) followed by the ones collected at Gonsé (22.63 ± 1.72°C) and Saponé (22.60 ± 0.41°C). The oil acid value of almonds from all three sites with an average value of 0.023 ± 0.013 mg KOH/g was lower than the international standard ISO 660-2020. The Saponé and Kokologho sites exhibited the highest oil peroxide values of 0.040 ± 0.000 mEq O2/kg on either side, while the lowest peroxide value was found at Gonsé (0.021 ± 0.000 mEq O2/kg). The highest saponification value is that of Kokologho with a value of 84.81 ± 4.18 mg KOH/g. The polyphenol and flavonoid content of almond oil vary within a site and between sites. Oil extracts have shown free radical scavenging capabilities (DPPH and ABTS) indicating substantial polyphenol and flavonoid content. Conclusion: The oil has very good quality and fulfills all standard requirements for use in the phytomedicine and food industry. A mass selection can be performed within the three sites for X. americana plantation in agroforestry systems.

Introduction: Fadogiella stigmatoloba, Hygrophylla auriculata, Hylodesmum repandum and Porphyrostemma chevalieri are used against malaria in traditional medicine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To evaluate their potential in the treatment of this disease, the in vitro antiplasmodial property of these four plants was evaluated. All experiments were conducted on methanolic extracts performed on selected organ parts of these plants. Methods: The methanolic extracts, obtained by maceration, were firstly screened in vitro against the chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (W2) Plasmodium falciparum strains by the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity, and on human keratinocytes (HaCat) cells by the MTT assay to determine their selectivity indices (SI). Secondly, the antioxidant activity of the same extracts was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Finally, the presence of specific phytochemical constituents was evaluated using standard methods and tentatively identified by GC-MS. Results: An optimum antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 3.4 +/- 0.7 mu g/mL, for 3D7, SI = 58.2; IC50 = 7 +/- 1.0 mu g/mL, for W2, SI = 28.3) was obtained with the leave extract of P. chevalieri. The leaves (for F. stigmatoloba and H. repandum), and the aerial part (for H. repandum) extracts showed promising and moderate antiplasmodial activities against respectively the 3D7 strain (IC50: <15 mu g/mL), and W2 strain (IC50:15-50 mu g/mL). All extracts presented a weak cytotoxic effect (IC50: >100 mu g/mL) on HaCat cells. For the antioxidant test, the most interesting activity was obtained with the leaf extract of P. chevalieri. The GC-MS analysis of these four plants species extracts revealed the presence of various compounds, such as Ethyl 2-nonenoate, 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3,5,6-trimethyl pyrazine, Palmitic Acid, Ethyl palmitate, Ethyl linolenate, and N-Acetyltyramine. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, P. chevalieri could be selected for further investigations or and for the management of malaria after standardization.

In traditional medicines of Burkina Faso, a variety of ailments are treated with Pandiaka angustifolia (Vahl) Hepper, a shrub from the Amaranthaceae family. Amaranthaceae is one of the families of plants that are frequently used to treat disease. This investigation was made to assess the lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potentials of hydroacetonic macerate and fractions of Pandiaka angustifolia, as well as the amount of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and other properties. The findings showed the Dichloromethane Fraction (DCMF) possess the best inhibitory activity of lipoxygenase, a key enzyme involved in inflammatory process with 83.84±1.89% of inhibition, as regards Xanthine Oxidase (XO) inhibiting percentage, n-hexane fraction (n-HF) exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition with 76.22 ± 4.78% at a concentration of 100µg/ml. Evaluation of the phenolic and flavonoid content of the fractions and hydroacetonic macerate revealed that the dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) had the highest phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively. This study demonstrated that P. angustifolia's apolar fractions are a viable natural source for the treatment of disorders associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.

The native tick Amblyomma variegatum remains one of the most important tick species affecting cattle in West Africa. This hinders animal production by negatively impacting the health and reproduction of animals infested with the tick. Given the negative consequences on production quality and environmental health, the use of chemical products for tick control is increasingly being discouraged. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the acaricidal activity of essential oils such as Ageratum conyzoïdes, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon giganteus, Lippia multiflora and Ocimum gratissimum against specimens of A. variegatum from Burkina Faso. A larval immersion test was performed to investigate the larvicidal activities of these essential oils. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical compositions of essential oils. The chemical composition was predominantly oxygenated monoterpenes in A. conyzoïdes (48.71 %), C. citratus (99.9 %) and C. giganteus (73.63 %), while hydrocarbon monoterpenes were the most abundant in O. gratissimum (63.7 %) and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes in L. multiflora (71.719 %). The recorded larvicidal activity, varied according to the species of plants and the dose applied. At a dose of 12.5 mg/mL, all essential oils studied, except L. multiflora (7.54 %), induced 100 % larval mortality. In this study, we highlight the promising larvicidal effects of local essential oils against A. variegatum. These essential oils can be used as bio-acaricides, which are effective and environmentally-friendly alternatives to chemical products. However, further investigations are required to determine the mechanisms of action of these essential oils for in vivo experimentation and their practical application in the control of A. variegatum ticks.

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus affects animal production economically by reducing weight gain and milk production and causing diseases, such as babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Using synthetic acaricides to reduce their incidence has caused the emergence of resistant tick populations. The present study aimed to assess the in vitro acaricidal activity of combinations of essential oils (EOs) from Ocimum americanum, Ocimum gratissimum, and Lippia multiflora against R. microplus larvae. In fact, numerous biological properties have been reported on EOs from these three plants, including acaricidal properties. Hence, a larval immersion test was performed using a population of R. microplus resistant to synthetic acaricides used in Burkina Faso. Results revealed that EO from O. gratissimum was the most effective on R. microplus larvae with LC50 and LC90 values at 10.36 and 15.51 mg/mL, respectively. For EO combinations, the most significant synergistic effect was obtained by combination 6 (1/3 O. americanum + 2/3 O. gratissimum +1/6 L. multiflora), with a combination index value of 0.44. All combinations presented dose reduction index >1, indicating a favorable dose reduction. According to the literature, this is the first study to determine the combination effect of EOs from the abovementioned plants in controlling R. microplus activity in vitro. Thus, the combination of these EOs is an alternative to control the resistant populations of invasive cattle ticks.