The global demand for energy is rising, prompting researchers to develop energy systems to meet the continuous energy requirements. To enhance the supercapacitor properties, perovskite nanomaterial was proven to be an efficient electrode material. The hydrothermal technique is useful for producing Ba-doped SrSnS3 nanomaterial and a pure SrSnS3 material. To analyze the crystal structure, surface area and texture of the materials being studied, scanning electron microscopy, Brunner–Emmet–Teller analysis, and X-ray diffraction were employed. The dopant (Ba-doped SrSnS3) nanomaterial exhibits a remarkable surface area with a value of 107 m2/g, while the pristine material has a value of 73.1 m2/g. Additionally, material tested through electrochemical characterizations in 3.0 M KOH, and the doped material demonstrated high specific capacitance of 1265 F/g (5 mV/s) and 1418 F/g (1 A/g) along with the power and energy density values were recorded 235 W/kg and 43 Wh/kg. Therefore, the dopant material Less resistance (Rs = 0.53 Ω) as observed from impedance measurements, suggesting the enhanced conductivity compared to the undoped material which boosted the ion movement and quick charge-storage technique demonstrated by the Ba-doped SrSnS3 nanomaterial indicated that the Ba-doped SrSnS3 could potentially be used in the forthcoming energy storage devices.

Advanced multifunctional nanomaterials are emerging as versatile platforms for addressing interconnected energy and environmental challenges through tunable composition, high surface area, engineered interfaces, and nanoscale reactivity. This review critically examines the design, synthesis, functionalization, and application of metal, metal oxide, carbon-based, polymeric, porous, two-dimensional, and hybrid nanomaterials. Particular emphasis is placed on green synthesis, renewable precursors, low-impact fabrication, waste-derived feedstocks, scalability, and life-cycle sustainability. The role of surface functionalization, heteroatom doping, defect engineering, heterostructure formation, and interfacial charge transfer in controlling catalytic, optical, electrochemical, and adsorption properties is systematically discussed. Applications in heterogeneous catalysis, photocatalytic hydrogen production, carbon dioxide conversion, pollutant degradation, rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and emerging flexible storage devices are evaluated using structure–property–performance relationships. The review also explores nanomaterial-enabled water purification, membrane separation, antimicrobial treatment, and chemical, electrochemical, optical, and gas sensing, including integrated remediation–sensing platforms for real-time monitoring. Current barriers involving toxicity, agglomeration, instability, poor selectivity, recovery, reproducibility, standardization, and industrial scale-up are identified. Finally, future directions highlight artificial-intelligence-guided discovery, operando characterization, circular material design, self-healing systems, and safe, economical deployment, establishing a unified roadmap for sustainable multifunctional nanotechnology across energy conversion, storage, environmental remediation, and chemical detection under realistic operating conditions and across diverse environmental matrices worldwide.

The growing need for renewable energy storage technologies has prompted researchers to create electrode materials with exceptional performance. Supercapacitors have drawn considerable interest as energy storage technology because of their distinctive characteristics. Developing portable smart devices that could ensure worldwide energy security was their main objective. The Ba-doped ZnCr2O4 spinel (Ba-ZnCr2O4) was produced by the hydrothermal technique. The purpose of the study was to examine the potential of doped electrode material for supercapacitor (SCs). When evaluated at 1 A/g, the Ba-doped ZnCr2O4 demonstrates the best charge–discharge behavior, with an excellent specific capacitance (Cs) value of roughly 983.18 F/g. Furthermore, the Ba-doped ZnCr2O4 achieved a power density of 1200 W/kg. The promising outcomes for improving energy-efficient and affordable supercapacitor electrodes (SCs) for innovative energy storage systems and portable electronics are highlighted by these encouraging characteristics, which include high capacitance and exceptional stability.

The progress of an actual, economical and maintainable material for energy storage applications is essential in today's technological era. The developed nanohybrid sample, SrBiO3/rGO, was designed to enhance storage energy capabilities and catalytic performance. In the current work, a hydrothermal method was used to prepare a SrBiO3/rGO nanohybrid. Electrochemical properties were conducted to compare the behaviour of SrBiO3 and SrBiO3/rGO electrodes to assess their capacitive properties for supercapacitor characteristics. The SrBiO3/rGO nanohybrid displayed remarkable hybrid characteristics, delivering a specific capacitance (898.48 F/g) at 1 A/g and reserved 78.67

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) facilitated by electrocatalytic water splitting is crucial in generation of green and clean hydrogen. The present research reports the synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride and strontium zirconate (SrZrO3/gCN) composite by a straightforward hydrothermal process. The characterizations encompass various physical and electrochemical studies to evaluate efficacy of the developed material in context of HER. The SrZrO3/gCN composite demonstrates a -131mV value of overpotential (-10 mA/cm2), which is notably lower than − 201 mV observed for pure SrZrO3 nanoparticles. It exhibited a considerable electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) value of 562.5 cm², in contrast to pure SrZrO3’s 282.5 cm². Consequently, SrZrO3 decorated sheet-like gCN demonstrates the potential for HER in a basic KOH electrolyte. The current study presents a new way of investigating a highly efficient composite electrocatalyst that integrates transition metals with carbon materials to enhance HER performance.

The increasing interest in spinel ferrites due to their notable characteristics including elevated electrochemical stability, redox states and pseudocapacitive activity which make them suitable for application in supercapacitors. The present research involves synthesis of NiFe2O4@g-CN electrode material using hydrothermal route. The various characterization techniques including, electrochemical and physical were used for NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4@g-CN nanocomposite. The fabricated NiFe2O4@g-CN nanosheet showed exceptional specific capacitance of 740 F/g energy and power density were 38 Wh/Kg and 305 W/Kg respectively at 1 A/g determined from galvanostatic charge discharge plot. The charge transfer resistance (Rct) value of NFO@g-CN (0.23 Ω) exhibited lower value than NFO (0.35 Ω) and g-CN (0.27 Ω). The electrochemical stability test revealed that after 5000th cycle NiFe2O4@g-CN material maintains a very stable structure. Therefore, improvements in electrochemical efficiency of NiFe2O4 because of inclusion of graphitic carbon nitride which provided larger surface area, synergistic interaction and large number of active sites. These finding indicates that electrodes materials have potential material for energy storage device and it can further used in toward water splitting and various energy storage equipment’s.

The extreme dependence on fossil fuels leads to several challenges and there has been considerable focus on the utilization of efficient electrocatalyst materials due to their notable ability to enhance electrocatalytic activity. The behavior of transition metal oxide (TMOs) can be improved by including carbon-based oxides to boost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. The production of strontium cobalt oxide (SrCoO3) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was accomplished utilizing a hydrothermal procedure. SrCoO3/rGO has demonstrated notable enhancement in active spots, better electrical conductivity and enhanced durability for OER in an alkaline media. The electrocatalyst SrCoO3/rGO shows eta (190 mV) with Tafel slope (37 mV/dec) for its OER performance at C-d (10 mA/cm(2)). Moreover, the remarkably least solution resistance (R-s = 1.56 Omega) and the impressive stability (50h) indicate that this SrCoO3/rGO nanohybrid demonstrates exceptional efficacy and sustainability as electrocatalyst for energy conversion procedures in future applications.

Sustainable and cost-effective generation of green energy is essential for a green fuel and clean environment. For this purpose, efficient energy conversion harnessing cost-effective materials is particularly a sustainable solution to a viable green future. This study explores the production of covalently trapped nanostructured zinc-aluminum bimetallic sulfides in nitrogen-doped mesoporous graphitic carbon (Zn0.5Al0.55@N-MC) as a cost-effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Various analytical techniques confirm the structural and morphological properties of the fabricated materials. To reach 10 mA cm−2 current density, electrochemical OER performance in 1.0 M KOH displays a lower overpotential of 340 mV and reduced Tafel slope of 23 mV dec−1. Zn0.5Al0.5S@N-MC nanocomposite exhibits good conductivity, with a charge transfer resistance of 2.43 Ω, and exceptional electrochemical stability for 50 h. The covalent bond between Zn0.5Al0.5S nanosheets and N-MC enhances OER catalytic performance over monometallic counterparts. Furthermore, the composite facilitates electron and mass transfer, suggesting potential for improved energy conversion systems. These findings offer insight into the development of porous carbon-enclosed bimetallic sulfides for enhanced electrocatalytic applications.

The quick decline of fossil fuels caused by high consumption levels has boosted the creation of sustainable energy conversion systems, resulting in a growing energy crisis. The ongoing energy requirement drives the exploration of innovative options for water splitting. It is critical to develop an exceptionally efficient electrocatalyst that can enhance the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). BiFeO3 and Sm-doped BiFeO3 were manufactured via sol–gel technique and investigated as a catalyst for OER in a 1.00 M KOH. The morphology and crystalline phases were resolved by utilizing a different analytical technique. The Sm-doped BiFeO3 displayed efficient OER performance having overpotential (η = 186 mV) at 10 mA /cm2 and Tafel value (32 mV/dec) and solution resistance (Rs) of 0.83 Ω. In addition, the electrocatalytic efficiency of Sm-doped BiFeO3 catalyst for OER exhibits exceptional sustainability for 40 h and an increased electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 897.5 cm2. The better performance of the Sm-doped BiFeO3 catalyst may be linked to several factors, including its distinctive interrelated morphology, strong synergistic interactions between Sm, Bi and Fe and effective OH− ions adsorption. The results indicate that Sm-doped BiFeO3 has potential as an electrocatalyst in practical applications.

Researchers are exploring alternative energy resources due to decline of fossil fuels and the ensuing challenges they pose to both humanity and environment. Nonetheless, supercapacitors (SCs) represent promising energy storage approaches owed to their effective mechanisms, enhanced power delivery and outstanding cyclic lifespan. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) have been recognized to be exceptional electrode substances for high-performance supercapacitors owing to impressive conductivity and numerous active species. Still, the material’s lower energy density and insufficient rate performance pose limitations. In this work, the ZnO@ZnMnO3 composite was prepared using a simple hydrothermal route. This unique ZnO@ZnMnO3 composite exhibits specific capacitance (Csp) of 1132 F g− 1 at 1 A g− 1, showcasing its exceptional rate performance. It also displays noteworthy energy density (Ed) of 52 W h kg− 1 when operated at power density (Pd) of 289 W kg− 1. In addition, synthesized material exhibits lower impedance (Rct = 0.16) with extraordinary stability of 50 h. This effort shows valuable insights into the production of TMOs nanoparticles that exhibit outstanding performance in supercapacitor applications.

An important concern in present research is the enhancement of an electrochemical water oxidation mechanism that can produce clean energy in a more cost-effective, efficient and reliable manner. A key aspect of this study is the generation of electrocatalysts that are both affordable and long-lasting. Cost-effective metal oxides are more advantageous than other media for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in basic electrolytes. Due to their impressive electrical properties and the potential for enhanced performance, perovskite-based composites have become highly valuable for the water oxidation reaction. In this report, we described the synthesis of rGO@NdCoO3 using a sonication process employed toward the OER process. Furthermore, the rGO@NdCoO3 composite demonstrated a very favorable overpotential (eta) of 216 mV at current density (Cd) of 10 mA/cm2 and decreased Tafel slope (39 mV/dec). It remains durable for 35 h and even after going through 2000th cycles. The composite of rGO@NdCoO3 demonstrated various advantageous effects, such as decreased overpotential, enhanced catalytic Cd, improved charge transfer kinetics and increased ECSA value of 581.25 cm2. Based on the research, it is evident that the fabricated material demonstrated exceptional efficiency and durability as an electrocatalyst in energy conversion systems.