Introduction: Adolescence is a critical stage of the life cycle in one's life. The presence of malnutrition during this stage of the life cycle can seriously hamper one growth and development and may deprive the nation of its demographic dividend.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 300 adolescent residing in the rural field practise area of SMIMS.Results: The study found that 21.7% of adolescent had thinness while 13% were overweight/ obese.The odds of thinness were found to be higher among females, and those who were SC by caste.It was seen that socioeconomic status (middle class and below), and social problems in the family are strong predictors for thinness.Adolescent belonging to early adolescent age group (10-14 years), males and those who were OBC by caste had higher odds of being overweight/obese.It was seen that poor lifestyle habits such as inadequate physical activity, increase consumption of junk food and higher screen time daily are strong predictors for overweight and obesity. Conclusion:The study finds that adolescent study participant in the field practice area of SMIMS suffers from the dual burden of malnutrition.Females and Socioeconomic determinants are important ecological factors for thinness while poor lifestyle habits are an important predictor for the development of obesity and overweight among the study population.

Introduction:Recently combination of diagnostic endoscopy and systematic understanding of the lateral nasal wall with CT in the coronal plane has become the corner stone in the evaluation of the PNS disease.This is the basis for the concept of FESS.Material and Method: Patients attending ENT OPD in RIMS, Ranchi with any sino-nasal complains lasting for more than 4 weeks and not responding to medical line of management.Patients are selected by random sampling method.Results: The most common co-morbidity found among the patients is chronic Rhinosinusitis in 31 cases (62%).Middle meatal purulent secretions are the most obvious finding in DNE evaluation seen in 31 (62%) cases.Anterior ethmoidal sinus haziness is seen in 37(74%) cases on CT scan with majority of cases showing associated sinus involvement.Conclusion: Sino nasal pathology has a higher preponderance in male patients and is commonly seen in the age group of 20 to 40 years.CT scan has got a better advantage compared to DNE in detecting the anatomical variants as well as to know the condition of sinus cavity and the extent of disease in sinuses.DNE can prove to be a better diagnostic modality compared to CT scan when conditions like middle meatal secretions, condition of mucosa, polyps are looked for.Thereby indicating that in all patients with Sino nasal disease both CT scan and DNE has to be done, to know the exact pathology and to plan for further management.Both CT scan and DNE are complimentary to each other.

Exosomes are membranous vesicles secreted from almost all types of cells, carry proteins and nucleic acids and function as vehicles for intercellular communication. Cells infected with HIV-1 or expressing the viral Nef protein secrete more exosomes than uninfected cells or those not expressing this protein. We used stably transfected, Nef-expressing U937 human monocytic cells and exosomes purified from these cells to study their effects on HIV-1 infected and uninfected CD4+ T-cells. The Nef exosomes inhibited virus production from HIV-1 infected CD4+ T-cells, but caused activation induced cell death in uninfected bystander cells. Mutations in its conserved Arginine residues and in the secretion-modification-region failed to secrete Nef into exosomes. Cell lines expressing these mutant Nef proteins did not deliver it to the target CD4+ T-cells, and exosomes prepared from these mutant Nef-expressing cells also did not inhibit virus production. Nef exosomes inhibited virus production by inducing the assembly of stress granules in HIV-1 infected cells, which sequestered increased amounts of gag mRNA. This is a novel mechanism wherein we show the effects of exosomes on the assembly of stress granules and viral translational repression.

Investment in pension schemes s is effected by the attitude of the investors. The objectives of the study are to identify the investor's attitude on pension schemes and to analyze the factors affecting investor's attitude towards pension scheme. The study aims at finding out the attitude of the investors towards investment in pension schemes in Kanpur. By adopting random sampling for 100 respondents, Simple statistical tools are used for analyzing the data whatsoever collected in this study. The present investigation outlined that the investors have positive approach towards investing in pension schemes. The investors opt to pension scheme for old age safety and investors collect the information from expert advisors then only invest the money. Mainly investors select the different types of market linked schemes for their investment in pension schemes.

A double perovskite oxide gadolinium nickel zirconate, Gd2NiZrO6 is synthesized by a solid-state reaction technique. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample at room temperature shows a monoclinic phase. The frequency-dependent dielectric dispersion of the sample is investigated in the frequency range 100 Hz-1 MHz and in a temperature range 303 K-673 K. An analysis of the complex electric modulus (M' and M '') with frequency is performed. A peak is observed in the frequency dependence of imaginary part of electric modulus (M ''(omega)) at all temperatures indicating a dielectric relaxation. The complex modulus spectrum of the sample shows the poly dispersive nature of dielectric relaxation. The frequency dependence of imaginary part of electric modulus is found to obey an Arrhenius law with the activation energy of 0.95 eV. The scaling behavior of the imaginary part of electric modulus suggests that relaxation describes the same mechanism at various temperatures.

Exosomes are small (30-100nm) vesicles that are generated intracellularly through the inward invagination of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and released from cells when MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane. The exosomes contain mRNAs, miRNAs, proteins and various other signaling molecules. These fuse with other cells, release their contents in the recipient cells, where the mRNAs, miRNA and other exosome contents exert their functional effect. The molecular contents of exosomes depend on the patho-pyhysiological status of the cells and this property, nowadays, is utilized in the discovery of novel biomarkers of diseases.

The factors influencing a person to collect wealth can be immense. It basically depends on the need of the person who has to accomplish the set targets and goals of his life. Accumulation of wealth assures the person that he would not have to face any adversity at the old age. There are many issues that drive the investors to get involved in the investment planning such as life expectancy, requirement of income and possible expenditures, policies related to taxation etc. are also important that affect planning retirement policy to meet the future requirement. This paper presents a review of different types of pension system and theories exist worldwide. Total 56 papers and study examined to define the different types of pension structure used worldwide.

In recent years, microfluidic chips have proven ideal tools for biochemical analysis, which, however, demands a unique and compatible plasma separation scheme. Various research groups have established continuous flow separation methods in microfluidic devices; however, they have worked with relatively small dimension microchannels (similar to the blood cell diameter). The present work demonstrates separation of plasma by utilizing the hydrodynamic separation techniques in microchannels with size of the order of mm. The separation process exploits the phenomenon, which is very similar to that of plasma skimming explained under Zweifach-Fung bifurcation law. The present experiments demonstrates for, the first time, that applicability of the Zweifach-Fung bifurcation law can be extended to dimensions much higher than the suspended particle size. The T-microchannel device (comprising perpendicularly connected blood and plasma channels) were micro-fabricated using conventional PDMS micro-molding techniques. Three variables (feed hematocrit, main channel width, and flow rate distributions) were identified as the important parameters which define the device’s efficiency for the blood plasma separation. A plasma separation efficiency of 99.7 % was achieved at a high flow ratio. Novel concepts of 2-stage or multiple plasma channel designs are also proposed to yield high separation efficiency with undiluted blood. The possible underlying principle causing plasma separation (viz. aggregation and shear thinning) are investigated in detail as part of this work. The results are significant because they show nearly 100 % separations in microchannels which are much easier to fabricate than previously designed devices.

The complex perovskite oxide samarium nickel titanate, Sm(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3 (SNT) is synthesized by solid-state reaction technique. The x-ray diffraction pattern of the sample at room temperature shows monoclinic phase. The microstructure analysis of the sample is performed using scanning electron microscope. Alternating current impedance spectroscopy is used to investigate the electrical properties of SNT in a temperature range from 313 K to 673 K and in a frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. A peak is observed in the frequency dependence of imaginary part of electric modulus (M″(ω)) indicating a non-Debye type of relaxation. The relaxation peak of M″(ω) moves towards higher frequencies with the increase of temperature showing the thermally activated nature of the relaxation time. The relaxation times for M″(ω) at different temperatures are found to obey Arrhenius law with an activation energy of 0.57 eV. The scaling behaviour of M″(ω) shows that the relaxation describes the same mechanism at various temperatures. The complex impedance plane plots show that the relaxation mechanism in SNT is purely a bulk effect arising from the semiconductive grains of the sample. The frequency dependent conductivity is found to obey the power law.

The complex perovskite oxide Holmium nickel zirconate, Ho(Ni1/2Zr1/2)O-3 (HNZ) is synthesized by solid-state reaction technique. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample at room temperature shows a monoclinic phase. The microstructure analysis is done by scanning electron microscope. Alternating current impedance spectroscopy is applied to investigate the electrical properties of HNZ in a temperature range from 313 K to 723 K and in a frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The complex impedance plane plots show that the relaxation mechanism in HNZ is due to grain boundary effect. Scaling behavior of imaginary part of impedance indicates that relaxation in HNZ describes the same mechanism at various temperatures. The frequency dependent conductivity data are fitted to the universal power law. The frequency dependent electrical data are also analyzed in the framework of electric modulus formalism. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

With the advent of point-of-care diagnostics systems, investigation into properties of blood at micron scales is gaining fundamental importance. Past research has shown that blood displays significantly different properties at small scales than at conventional scales. This study investigates properties of blood flow in small non-circular passages (hydraulic diameter: 95-960 μm) under pulsatile condition. The observations are compared with flow of water under otherwise similar conditions. Prominent observation includes a more stable response to abrupt mass flow rate fluctuations as compared to water, which is attributed to the presence of deformable cells in blood. The study also reveals that, the pressure drop for blood flow with pulsations is less than for steady condition with the difference increasing with a reduction in microchannel size and flow rate. Such a comparative study facilitates development of models for blood flow at micro-scales, and will eventually aid in the design of future micro-Total ...

The Nd(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3 ceramic is synthesized by the solid-state reaction technique. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample at room temperature shows monoclinic phase. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the sample is used to assign the stretching and bending modes. The frequency-dependent dielectric properties of the sample are investigated in the temperature range from 303K to 673K. The Cole–Cole model is used to study the dielectric relaxation of the sample. The dielectric relaxation frequencies at different temperatures are found to obey the Arrhenius law with activation energy of 0.365eV. The frequency dependent conductivity spectra follow the power law.

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibroosseous lesion characterised by the replacement of normal bone by excessive proliferation of cellular fibrous connective tissue which is slowly replaced by bone, osteoid, or cementum-like material. It causes bone pain, deformities, and pathological fractures. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a sporadic benign skeletal disorder that can affect one bone (monostotic form) or multiple bones (polyostotic form). In this paper, we present case of a monostotic fibrous dysplasia on the hard palate of 14-year-old girl and a tabular review of common palatal swellings.

The double perovskite oxide holmium copper zirconate, Ho2CuZrO6 (HCZ), was synthesized by a solid-state reaction technique. The crystal structure of HCZ shows a monoclinic phase. The dielectric relaxation of HCZ was investigated in the frequency range 44 Hz-1 MHz and in the temperature range 40-360 degrees C by using impedance spectroscopy. The complex impedance data were analysed by the Cole-Cole model. The ac conductivity follows the power law. The value of activation energy obtained from the temperature dependence of the dc conductivity plot indicates a hopping-type conduction mechanism. The scaling behaviour of the imaginary part of impedance indicates that relaxation in HCZ describes the same mechanism at various temperatures.

The Gd(Ni1/2Zr1/2)O-3 (GNZ) ceramic is synthesized by the solid-state reaction technique. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample shows monoclinic phase at room temperature. The dielectric dispersion of the material is investigated in the temperature range from 303 K to 673 K and in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The relaxation peak is observed in the frequency dependence of the loss tangent. The relaxation time at different temperatures is found to obey Arrhenius law having activation energy of 1.1 eV which indicates the hopping of ions at the lattice site and may be responsible for the dielectric relaxation of GNZ. The scaling behaviour of loss tangent suggests that the relaxation mechanism is temperature independent. The frequency dependent conductivity spectra follow the power law. In the impedance formalism, the Cole-Cole model is used to study the relaxation mechanism of GNZ. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The complex perovskite oxide Samarium nickel titenate, Sm(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O-3 (SNT) is synthesized by a solid-state reaction technique. The X-ray diffraction of the sample at room temperature shows a monoclinic phase. The scanning micrograph of the sample shows the average grain size approximate to 0.6 mu m The field dependence of dielectric response and the loss tangent of the sample are measured in a frequency range from 100Hz to 1MHz and in a temperature range from 313 K to 673 K. An analysis of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity with frequency is performed, assuming a distribution of relaxation times as confirmed by Cole-Cole plots. The frequency dependent electrical data are analyzed in the framework of conductivity formalism. The frequency dependent conductivity data are fitted to the universal power law. All these formalisms provided for qualitative similarities in the relaxation times.

Complex perovskite oxide samarium nickel zirconate, Sm(Ni1/2Zr1/2)O3 (SNZ), is synthesized by a solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction of the sample at room temperature shows a monoclinic phase. Impedance spectroscopy is used to study the electrical behaviour of this material in the frequency range 400 Hz–1 MHz and in the temperature range 303–633 K. The frequency dependence of loss peaks is found to obey an Arrhenius law with the activation energy of 0.8 eV. Frequency-dependent conductivity spectra follow a power law. Relaxation mechanism of the sample in the framework of electric modulus formalism is modelled by the Cole–Cole equation. The scaling behaviour of the imaginary part of electric modulus suggests that relaxation describes the same mechanism at various temperatures. Complex impedance plane plot shows two semicircular arcs, indicating the grain and grain-boundary contributions of dielectric relaxation in this material.