漆树育苗标准主要规定了"播种育苗"和"埋根育苗"2个核心技术内容,对播种育苗的种子品质、播种要求,埋根育苗的种根来源、采根时间、催芽、排根以及苗木分级等做了标准技术要求,有效解决漆树育苗盲目性大、性状不稳定、优良性差、生产力低等问题,对保护和发展漆树优良品系、漆树优质种质资源,发挥中国漆树资源的特色优势具有重大的意义.

目前所见,《中国制漆图谱》是古代唯一传世的漆文化图谱.它以绘图加注解的形式,系统展现了中国古代漆树种植、生漆采集、生漆及桐油精制加工、漆器制作等主要工序流程.图谱内容丰富,情节完整,人物形象活跃生动、饶有情趣.本文基于工坊实践,对《中国制漆图谱》进行解析,具有传播图谱记录工艺、普及工艺知识的价值.

秦汉时期是中国古代建筑装饰艺术发展的成长时期.在秦汉500年间,由于帝国一统,国力富强,髹漆艺术迎来黄金发展时期,在宫室建筑装饰上得到普遍运用.漆因美而髹,木因髹而美,秦汉时期的建筑因漆生姿,雕梁画栋,穷极奢华,至少集成运用了素髹、朱髹、青髹、金髹、黑髹、彩绘、雕绘、玉饰、嵌贝、夹纻等多种髹饰技法,与当时髹漆工艺的发展相适应,代表了当时建筑装饰艺术的最高成就.透过《史记》《汉书》《后汉书》《文选》等典籍记载留下的珍贵史料,结合考古发现,从阿房宫、未央宫、灵光殿、建章宫、昭阳殿等建筑装饰的描述中,可以窥见秦汉宫室建筑的装饰形制以及髹饰艺术踪影.

螺钿髹漆技法源于夏商,盛于西周,兴于唐宋,成于元明清.历代能工巧匠经过千年的传承,形成了中国有代表性的非物质文化遗产,稷山螺钿髹饰技艺就是其中之一.国家级非物质文化遗产稷山螺钿髹饰技艺的传承人代表李爱珍,坚持以天然材质为原料,苦心带徒,传承稷山螺钿的传统工艺,髹漆成器,形成了自己的特点,独具风采,展现了山西晋南地区特有的文化.

本文以现代生漆为基体,采用高温裂解、加速漆皮老化技术,模拟古代漆皮的老化过程.并利用傅里叶红外和热分析技术,比对分析模拟老化漆皮与湖南长沙成嘉湖等地出土的漆器漆皮的指纹图谱变化,来解析古代漆皮的结构特征.

生漆是中国特产资源,采自漆树,绿色环保,自然天成.人们利用生漆髹漆制器已经有近万年的历史,桼从远古走来,绵绵不绝一路走到今天,将人们的生活由粗糙而极致,形成了灿烂的生漆文化,既有历史的积淀,又有美之诱惑、人文精神之熔炼.生漆所具有得天独厚的品性以及美丽的光泽,使其能与自然界的美物相合,幻化出漆彩纷呈的奇异世界,珠玑玉骨,交相辉映.生漆的可塑性和开发力,又构成了漆艺文化的多元性,它造法自然,匠心运金,演绎极致,亘古永恒.

The paper primarily researched on the control conditions in the pilot process for refining raw lacquer,such as temperature,stirring rate,processing capacity etc.factors for optimization.The results showed that the moisture evaporation rate increased and the refined time was shortened with increasing in temperature and the stirring rate;the amount of moisture increased and the refined time was prolonged with increasing in processing capacity;after refining process the drying rate of the lacquer film was improved.

Saturated urushiol was prepared by using raw lacquer of catalytic hydrogenation,Raney Ni as catalyst. Preparation system was simple and preparation time was considerably reduced. It only took 2hours to catalyze 80g raw lacquer. Crude saturated urushiol yield increased to 87%.

The lacquer putty has diverse performance by adjust different filler and lacquer. The research demonstrate that plaster, BaSO4 as lacquer putty which posses better hardness and Plate bonding performance by mixing different and lacquer.

Through the condensation reaction of urushiol and formaldehyde, urushiol formaldehyde polymer was produced as the basic skeleton, and then inorganic boron was introduced into its molecular structure to generate B-O bond with higher bond energy. Compared with urushiol formaldehyde resin, urushiol organic boron product has a higher antioxidant capacity, heat resistance and transient high temperature performance. The mechanical properties of urushiol organic boron such as film adhesion, flexibility, hardness and impact strength are also significantly improved.

<正>人类对漆树的利用,除了采割生漆用来装饰器物的髹漆工艺外,还可以从漆树籽的果皮中提取漆蜡,在日本,漆蜡被称为木蜡。漆蜡结晶细密,其中含有的二元酸甘油酯可用于家具养护,具有一般家具蜡所没有的黏韧性、透明性和光泽温润的特性。

Toxicodendron verniciflua resources in China has a long history of cultivation,developing a peculiarly Chinese lacquer civilization of the Chinese nation.As the higher plants,raw lacquer has ecological functions and provides a large number of human biomass materials.Raw lacquer,as the main product of raw lacquer tree,keeps company with human history of 7000 years and has become a wonderful work in human history,science and technology,arts and crafts.With the development of technology,economy,cultural creativity and the increase in demand for material applications,resource development of Raw lacquer has reached diversification(或multi-type) and deeper level,from culture to the human economical society,involving art from painting,bio-based materials,paint Wax fine chemicals,petrochemicals,military products and so on.The applications of raw lacquer continue to expand.Raw lacquer is brilliant.

Toxicodendron verniciflua resources in China has a long history of cultivation, developing a peculiarly Chinese lacquer civilization of the Chinese nation. As the higher plants,raw lacquer has ecological functions and provides a large number of human biomass materials. Raw lacquer, as the main product of raw lacquer tree, keeps company with human history of 7000 years and has become a wonderful work in human history, science and technology,arts and crafts .With the development of technology,economy,cultural creativity and the increase in demand for material applications,resource development of Raw lacquer has reached diversification (或multi-type)and deeper level, from culture to the human economical society, involving art form painting,bio-based materials, paint Wax fine chemicals, petro-chemicals, military products and so on. The applications of raw lacquer continue to expand. Raw lacquer is brilliant.

漆树是中国特有的经济树种,在中国北纬19°～42°、东经97°～126°之间的山地、丘陵,几乎都有漆树生长,尤以秦岭、巴山、武当山、巫山、武陵山、大娄山、乌蒙山一带所构成的南北弧形地段,漆树群集度和常见度高,为中国乃至世界漆树分布中心.