Micro-organisms are the causes of many diseases, so we find a lot of research in the field of studying the biological efficacy of compounds on various types of pathogenic bacteria.Nowadays there are increasing numbers of infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to most of the antibacterial treatments currently available, for this causes we prepared series tetrazole derivative from different heterocyclic compounds like (tetrazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole, oxazole, imidazole, triazole, thiazole .General studies have been steered for the derivatives to conclude their chemical configurations via spectroscopic performances (FT.IR, H.NMR, Mass)-spectra, also Biotic Evaluation, Nano-study and other laboratory measurements.Some cyclic compounds are used as antimicrobials, and this is what we have proven in our research, as it has been proven that they are compounds that kill microorganisms or stop their growth.Antimicrobial drugs can be divided according to the microorganisms that they can work against.For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria and antifungals are used against fungi.

Wastewater contains many bacteria that cause many diseases. For example, one gram of body output (sweat, urine or feces) contains 10 million viruses and a million bacteria. For example, salmonella bacteria that lead to typhoid fever and gastroenteritis. Shigella bacteria cause diarrheal diseases, and Escherichia coli causes vomiting and diarrhea and may lead to dehydration, especially in children. Leptospira bacteria cause inflammatory liver, kidneys, and central nervous system diseases, while Vibrio bacteria cause cholera. These types of bacteria and others cause various diseases due to dealing with water contaminated with sewage, whether by drinking, bathing, or even eating fish caught from this water instead of staying near contaminated water bodies. It can be referred to diseases such as polio, yellow fever, scabies and malaria. Keywords: Bacteria, Disease, Environment, Microbial, contamination.

Sulfazan (Macrocyclic Sulfazan and Linear Sulfazan)-Compounds were created for the first time as a class of organic chemistry in 2019 globally for the first time by Prof. Dr. Nagham Aljamali, then she developed via several studies by using various types conditions and different basic medium like (Pipridine, Triethyl amine, Pyridine, 5 % Sodium hydroxide, etc.) while same researcher prepared chain of these innovated compounds and studied by many applications created and invented Sulfazan compounds as a pharmaceutical studies, anti-bio compounds, and since the references are few on Sulfazan, so we have prepared a series of them and studied their applications in various kinds fields to enrich this topic with references.Several spectroscopic studies have been used to prove their chemical structures which gave clear evidence of its chemical structures via many technical instruments like (FT IR-Spectra, 1 H.NMR-Spectra, 13 C.NMR-Spectra), other studies as anticancer-cancer breast.

This review involved Dendrimer in pharmaceutical applications. Dendrimers are the most important medical nano-polymers in the fields of chemistry and pharmacology, which have been used in many pharmaceutical applications. Many technical applications of many biological elements such as proteins, viruses, or bacteria, including applications of chromatography, optical information technology, sensors, stimulation and drug delivery, require immobilization or immobilization of these biologicals. Here, carbon nanotubes, gold particles and synthetic polymers can be used for such purposes. Here we note that this immobilization process can be achieved mostly through adsorption or chemical bonding or to a lesser extent by incorporating these elements as guests in the host matrices. We also note that in the case of guest and host systems, an optimal method for immobilizing the bio-elements as well as incorporating them into a serial structure based on the nanoscale must be established to facilitate the interactions of the bio-nano-elements within their own environment. This is due to the large number of synthetic or natural polymers available and the advanced and developed methods for processing such systems for nanofibers, rods or tubes etc., this makes the polymers a good base for immobilizing different biomaterials.

Chemical pollution and bacterial contamination have a significant impact on increasing the spread of cancer cells in the body., Volatile organic compounds are one of the most important outdoor air pollutants, and they are often divided into two categories: methane compounds and non-methane compounds. The methane in methane compounds is one of the greenhouse gases that causes global warming, and non-methane volatile organic compounds cause leukemia. during prolonged exposure. While some other chemical compounds are used as a treatment for cancer by using them as anti-tumors.

The design and development of new pharmaceutical compounds and the manufacture and development of new chemical compounds to suit therapeutic uses is a topic of great importance in the sense of increasing their therapeutic effect and reducing side effects by determining the type of disease and the appropriate treatment for the disease. For this, many chemical and technical techniques are used, as well as new computer chemistry applications. To study the drugs used and their biological effects, the most important of these techniques are: the structure-effect relationship (SAR) and the structure-effect relationship (QESAR). The compounds that are used as medicines are usually organic compounds, which are divided into small organic molecules such as atorvastatin and clopidogrel, and biological substances such as infliximab and insulin. Specifically, pharmaceutical chemistry focuses on small organic molecules, some aspects of natural products, biochemistry, and enzymology, and aims to discover and develop drugs in these areas.

The type and nature of food affect the increase or decrease in the risk of developing cancerous tumors and the speed of their spread, as the type of food has a significant impact on increasing the risk of cancer.About a third of deaths from cancer are attributed to tobacco use, high body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and lack of physical activity. Cancer-causing infections, such as hepatitis and HPV, are responsible for 30% of cancer cases in low- and lower-middle-income countries. It is common for late-stage cancer symptoms to be unavailable for diagnosis and treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Universal treatment is reported to be available in more than 90% of high-income countries, but only less than 15% of low-income countries. In 2019, only 1 in 3 countries reported high-quality data on cancer rates. Cancer is a general term that includes a wide range of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumors and neoplasms. A hallmark of cancer is the rapid generation of abnormal cells that grow outside their usual boundaries and can then invade neighboring parts of the body and spread to other parts of the body. The last operation is called metastasis, and metastases are the most important cause of death from cancer. Currently, between 30% and 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by avoiding disease risk factors and implementing existing, evidence-based strategies for prevention. The burden of cancer can also be reduced by detecting the disease early and providing patients with adequate treatment and care, knowing that the chances of recovery from many types of cancer increase if they are diagnosed early and treated appropriately.

The current informational review or survey addresses the risk factors for increasing the risk of developing malignance, tumors have several causes that lead to the occurrence of a tumor. There are a group of interrelated factors, including the genetic factor, the hormonal factor, environmental factors, social biology, and physiology of organs, which can affect its development, in addition to other risk factors, such as: disorders of breast proliferation that are related to the development of Breast malignance, especially if the biopsy shows A typical hyperplasia. However, 70% of malignance patients cannot identify risk factors. Advanced-stage malignance s can erode the skin to cause open sores (ulcers), but they are not necessarily painful. Women with non-healing wounds in the breast should have a biopsy. Breast malignance may spread to other places in the body and lead to other symptoms. The most common first site of spread is often the lymph nodes under the arm, although malignance -carrying lymph nodes may be imperceptible. Over time, malignance cells may spread to other organs, including the lungs, liver, brain and bones. Once in these places, new symptoms related to the malignance, such as bone pain or headaches, may develop.

Nagham Mahmood Aljamali* Author Affiliations Organic Chemistry, Synthetic Chemistry Field, Iraq Received: January 21, 2022 | Published: February 01, 2022 Corresponding author: Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Organic Chemistry, Synthetic Chemistry Field, Iraq DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2022.41.006616

Macrocyclic Sulfazan and Macrocyclic Formazan were created and developed globally for the first time by researcher Dr. Nagham Aljamali in April 2021, while same researcher created and innovated Sulfazan compounds as the first time in 2019., Therefore, these compounds considered one of the developed and modern compounds which have a lack of references or scarcity of books and researches.Therefore, the researcher, Dr. Nagham prepared and created a chain of these innovated compounds and studied by numerous applications, containing biological, pharmaceutical studies, also as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer agents, and here in this research, also cyclic sulfazan and cyclic formazan were studied a several applications.A numeral of practical spectroscopic studies has been used to exhibit their chemical structures which provided strong evidence of their chemical structures through various technical devices like (FT IR-Spectra, 1H.NMR-Spectra, Mass-Spectra)., Melting points, other studies represented by evolution them as bio-compounds by scanning them as anticancer compounds.

Sulfazan and Triazan Compounds were created for the first time as a class of organic chemistry in 2019 globallyfor the first time, then developed by researcher Dr. Nagham Aljamali in April 2021, while same researchercreated and invented Sulfazan compounds as a nano-compounds, anti-bio compounds .,and since the referencesare few on Sulfazan, so we have prepared a many of them and studied their applications in various fields to enrichthis topic with references. A numeral of practical spectroscopic studies have been used to exhibit their chemicalstructures which provided strong evidences of their chemical structures through various technical devices like(FT IR-Spectra, 1H.NMR-Spectra, Mass-Spectra)., Melting points, other studies exemplified by evolution themas a Nano-compounds by Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).

The effect of global warming on the generation of electricity and electronic devices is the effect resulting from the generation of electric power as a result of global warming, although it contributes as power plants to cause severe damage to the environment due to the burning of raw materials such as coal, fuel, and oil. These materials are extracted from the ground in general, and this happens when materials are burned, and a gas containing toxic materials such as carbon dioxide is produced. Some of these gases resulting from the combustion of raw materials cause global warming, which directly contributes to the increase in global warming. This combustion also causes great pollution to the air that humans and other organisms inhale, which puts their health at risk. Also, this air in the atmosphere is not the only one we inhale, as there are plants and animals, all of which are directly affected. Fuel is burned and electricity is used very heavily in developed countries relative to developing countries, some of which is caused by global warming, but since the environmental damage does not only harm us but harms everyone, society must cooperate and maintain a clean environment.

In this work 1,2,4-Triazole and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized from [4-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl naphthyl) diazenyl] benzoic acid [M1], which were converted to [4-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl naphthyl)diazenyl] benzoate [M2]. Benzoate derivative reacted with hydrazine afforded [M3] which cyclized by carbon disulfide to give compound [M4]. In addition, cyclization of compound [M3] was accomplished by sodium hydroxide and thiosemicarbazide to give triazole- thiol [M5]. Hybrid polymers [M6 and M7] were synthesized by grafted 1,3,4-oxadiazole [M4], and 1,2,4-triazole [M5] onto the polyvinyl chloride in the presence of pyridine and tetrahydrofuran. These compounds were characterized by the following techniques: FT-IR, and H-1, C-13 NMR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis C,H,N,S. The biological activity study, IC50 value was significantly decreased in M6 (IC50=25.76 mu M/ml) and M7 (IC50=21.41 mu M/ml). In addition, the biological activity for final products achieved with good results.

Pyridine is one of the natural compounds that it builds upon in the formation of other chemical compounds in a number of applied industrial fields such as agricultural chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry. Pyridine is used in industry as a chemical solvent and reagent; And also in DNA synthesis in the laboratory. Historically, pyridine was obtained from coal tar and as a by-product of the coal gasification process; However, the increased demand for it has led to the development of synthetic reactions of simple compounds such as acetaldehyde and ammonia. Annually, more than 20 thousand tons of the compound are produced worldwide. Series of Pyridine –heterocyclic derivatives were prepared via cyclization reaction and condensation reaction, then identification all prepared new compounds via several techniques (FT.IR, H.NMR, Mass)– spectrophotometric, other physical and chemical properties, with microbial studying for all new prepared pyridyl derivatives.

The importance of research lies in the treatment of cancerous tumors due to the spread of cancerous tumors in recent decades, so researchers have to insist on finding alternative and more treatments safe from chemotherapy and radiation, which are derivatives of some amino acids, which we attended in our current research. Also, some research showed that taking tryptophan for 3 days before exercise can improve energy and efficiency during exercise, but other preliminary research shows that taking tryptophan during exercise does not improve endurance during cycling exercises. For a few days before exercise to notice any benefit. In this research, we prepared derivatives of cyclic tryptophan and studied their efficacy as anti-tumors, and they gave good results in reducing the size of cancerous tumors and reducing their spread in the body., then sympathy all synthesized new cyclic-tryptophan compounds by numerous techniques (FT.IR ,H.NMR)–spectrophotometric, other physical and chemical properties ,with studying for one of new prepared derivatives as anti breast cancer.

Electroactive polymers are a polymer that demonstrate a change in the size or shape when roused by an electric field. The most common applications for this type of material are actuators and sensors. One of the distinctive engineering properties of electroactive polymers is that no matter how much crushing force they are subjected to, they will maintain large engineering forces and last for long periods of time. The older mechanical actuators are made of piezoelectric ceramic materials. These materials are able to resist large forces and these forces will only deform a small percentage of them. It was demonstrated in the late 1990s that some EAPs can withstand stresses up to (80%), which is far greater than the tolerance of any ceramic-engineered mechanical actuator. One of the most shared applications of electrically active engineering polymers is in the field of robotics and the artificial muscle development and therefore electrically active polymers are frequently referred to as artificial muscle.

Effect of chemical and physical dyes on the efficiency of solar cells Gretzel cells are a class of low-cost solar cells belonging to the group of thin-film solar cells. It rests on a plate of semiconductors placed between a light-sensitive anode and an electrolyte. This cell was invented by Michael Gretzel and Brian O'Regan in 1991, and in 2010 Gretzel received the Millennium Technology Prize for it. Since it is made of low-cost materials and does not require precise hardware to manufacture, this cell has become technically attractive. Likewise, they can be less expensive to manufacture than older solid-cell designs. It can also be designed in the form of flexible panels and is mechanically strong, and thus does not require a system to protect against minor accidents such as tree strikes. Although their conversion efficiency is lower than the best thin-film cells, in theory, their price/performance ratio is high enough to allow them to compete with fossil fuels for electricity generation by achieving grid parity. It is now expected to spread its commercial applications.

Formazans are known to be characterized by containing very effective functional groups that have an effecton the possession of any compound with a pharmaceutical and biological characteristic as antimicrobialsfor many microbes, as these compounds have proven high resistance to the spread of cancerous tumors andthe spread of bacteria and fungi. Series of formazan derivatives were synthesized in this study from metaphenylene diamine via imination reaction then coupling reaction to yield new five derivatives. The formattedformazan derivatives have been investigated through various instrumental -spectral techniques representedby (I.R- Infrared spectra ,H. NMR -Proton magnetic resonance , Mass -Spectra )– as a spectrophotometricmeasurements ,then bio- studying via various bio- experiments in this field like cytotoxicity, resistance ofanti-bacteria.

The engineering effects of light pollution and electric glow, which differs in its electrical effect on living organisms from one organism to another, as it ranges from the ability of predatory species to see their prey, and their direct death, as happens to moths when they are attracted to flame or fire and die due to heat. The effects of electrical light pollution resulting from ineffective or unnecessary use of artificial light. Specific categories of light pollution include light trespassing, over-illumination, glare, optical turbulence, and celestial flare. The offending light source often falls into more than one of these categories. For example, humans make use of artificial light to increase work and play hours, but this light causes an imbalance in the body's biological clock, leading to psychological stress that is harmful to health. The geometry of the environment of living organisms is affected by the different effects of light on individual species. For example, some types of spiders avoid lighted places, while others build their webs on a lamppost. These changes in the numbers of living organisms may result in unintended consequences because the interaction of living species with each other is affected, and thus changes in the food web occur. For example, changes in the activity of nocturnal insects can affect the survival rates of night-blooming plants, which themselves provide food and shelter for diurnal animals.

Nagham Mahmood Aljamali* Author Affiliations Organic Chemistry, Synthetic Chemistry Field, Iraq Received: December 01, 2021 | Published: December 09, 2021 Corresponding author: Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Professor, Ph. D, Organic Chemistry, Synthetic Chemistry Field, Iraq DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.40.006453