Background Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PCH) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The components and activity are important for simultaneous quality evaluation in PCH.Objective This study aimed to establish an accurate, rapid, and comprehensive quality evaluation method by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for forecasting the total polysaccharides content (TPsC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA) in PCH.Methods PCH samples were used to establish a model of TPsC, TFC, and AA in PCH by NIR combined with partial least-squares regression (PLS). To enhance the accuracy of the models and remove non-essential variables, we used multiple spectral preprocessing methods and multiple chemometrics to analyze the processed full spectrum, such as competitive adaptive reweighted sampling partial least-squares regression (CARS-PLS), moving-window partial least-squares regression (MW-PLS), and interval random frog partial least squares regression (iRF-PLS). The remaining samples were used to complete external validation.Results Satisfactory prediction results of PLS models combined with chemometrics were obtained. The optimal chemometric of TPsC, TFC, and AA selected 157, 105, and 134 variables, respectively. For the TPsC, TFC, and AA models, which incorporated optimal spectral preprocessing and chemometrics, the root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC, %) values were 0.743, 0.069, and 0.136, while the R2 values were above 0.95. The root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP, %) for these models were 1.00, 0.074, and 0.153, while R2 values were above 0.90. The remaining 20 samples were used to complete external validation, which confirmed the preeminent comparability and ability of the proposed method.Conclusion NIR combined with chemometrics provides an effective, fast, and nondestructive approach for evaluating quality via multiple indicators of PCH and provides a meaningful reference for evaluation of herbal medicine quality.Highlights NIR combined with chemometrics offers an effective, quick, nondestructive way to evaluate herbal medicine quality with multiple indicators.

In this work, we synthesized blue-fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) via a facile, economical, and environmentally friendly one-pot synthesis, using citric acid as the carbon source and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the nitrogen dopant. The as-prepared N-CQDs exhibited uniform size distribution, with an average diameter of approximately 3 nm and a quantum yield of up to 23.6%. Based on the mechanism of HClO-triggered static fluorescence quenching and oxidation of surface amine groups on the N-CQDs, we established a quantitative detection platform for hypochlorous acid (HClO). The proposed method demonstrated a linear response over the concentration range of 0–40 μmol/L, with a detection limit as low as 0.17 μmol/L. It also featured a rapid response time (within 2 min), high selectivity, and strong anti-interference capability against various common species, including Cl−, H2O2, NO2−, NO3−, TBHP, TBO•, Br−, I−, S2−, F−, O2− and HO•. Furthermore, the probe was successfully applied to detect HClO in real-world samples such as river water and beer. Owing to its outstanding photostability and low toxicity, it proved highly effective for monitoring intracellular HClO in living cells.

To evaluate the immune-enhancing effects of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides in vivo, an immunodeficiency zebrafish model was established by microinjecting vinorelbine tartrate into the caudal vein. Effects of the polysaccharides (500, 1000 and 2000 μg/mL) on neutrophil counts were assessed in Tg (mpx:GFP) zebrafish. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of the polysaccharides. The results revealed a dose-dependent increase in neutrophil counts following treatment with the polysaccharides. Transcriptomic profiling identified 1286 DEGs across the three comparison groups. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the polysaccharides could modulate immune-related pathways in the zebrafish model. Two enriched KEGG pathways, including the MAPK signaling and the mTOR signaling pathway, were utilized to analyze immune-related gene expression. To validate RNA-seq data, qRT-PCR was performed on selected DEGs, including il1b, crk, fgf10b, atp6v1aa, and eif4e1c. The results confirmed that the expression patterns of these genes were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Within the tested concentrations (500, 1000 and 2000 μg/mL), the polysaccharides exhibited a dose-dependent immunostimulatory effect, with the highest immunostimulatory response observed at 2000 μg/mL. The molecular level primarily involves the enhancement of neutrophil function through the modulation of multiple immune-related pathways. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides as a natural immunomodulatory agent.

BackgroundAndrogen from the testis is critical for maintaining immune environmental homeostasis and male spermatogenesis. Z. mioga Roscoe flower buds (ZM-FB) are edible plants belonging to the ginger family and popular among consumers for their high nutritional and medicinal value. However, the antiandrogen effect of ZM-FB and, subsequently, the reproductive outcome has not been evaluated.AimThis study aimed to explore the effect of ZM-FB on the reproductive health of male mice and its potential mechanism.MethodsThe body weight, sperm concentration, testosterone level in serum, abundance of androgen synthesis-related genes, and testicular transcriptome were detected in mice from the control and experimental groups, which were fed 125 or 250 mg/kg fresh or frozen ZM-FB powder daily for 3-5 weeks.ResultsCompared with the control group, mice fed 125 or 250 mg/kg fresh ZM-FB for 5 weeks exhibited no significant alterations in reproductive and immune indices. In contrast, administration of 250 mg/kg frozen ZM-FB powder for 3 weeks significantly reduced the testis/body weight ratio and sperm concentration and markedly altered the testicular transcriptomic profile in mice. Additionally, RNA-Seq analysis identified 480 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mouse testicular tissue, which were mainly enriched in pathways related to androgen synthesis and immune function. These DEGs included notably downregulated genes (Scd1, Star, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A1 [Cyp11a1], Hsd3b6, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b3, luteinizing hormone receptor [Lhcgr]) and upregulated MHC class II marker genes. These transcriptomic findings were further validated by qRT-PCR.ConlusionZM-FB is a typical medicinal and edible ingredient. Fresh ZM-FB has no impact on male animal spermatogenesis and androgen synthesis, while frozen ZM-FB exerts adverse effects on spermatogenesis. This study provides reliable theoretical guidance for the rational dietary application of ZM-FB.

In this study, fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with a high quantum yield of 16.84% were synthesized by utilizing silk tree flowers the as carbon precursor and applied as fluorescent probes for Iron (III) ions (Fe3+) detection. The CQDs probe exhibited rapid response to Fe3+ (within 2 min) and stable performance across a pH range of 3-10 as well as in high concentration of NaCl solution. Under optimized conditions, the linear range of the probes was from 0 to 35 mu mol/L for Fe3+ with an ultra-low detection limit of 15 nmol/L and high selectivity against interfering ions. Furthermore, the sensitivity and reliability of the CQDs probe were demonstrated by the determination of Fe3+ in complex matrices, including tap water, mineral water, river water, and iron-fortified food products (rice flour, noodles, and biscuits). Owing to its sustainable synthesis and robust analytical performance, the developed probe holds considerable practical potential for the determination of metal ions in environmental and food samples.

A neutral polysaccharide (NDHP-2-1) was isolated from Dendrobium huoshanense C. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng (D. huoshanense). Structure characterization revealed that the weight-average molecular weight of NDHP-2-1 was 20.42 kDa, mainly composed of glucose (95.46 %) and mannose (4.54 %). The backbone of NDHP-2-1 consisted of-*6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-*,-*4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-*, and-*3,4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-*. The T-alpha-D-Glcp was regarded as the branches attached to the O-4 position of-*3,4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-* in the backbone. In vitro experiments indicated that NDHP-2-1 exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity. The RAW264.7 cell assay results showed that NDHP-2-1 effectively inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-10 (IL-10) from LPS-stimulated macrophages. In general, the newly isolated polysaccharide of NDHP-2-1 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, suggesting its potential as an effective natural therapeutic agent for managing inflammatory diseases.

Androgen from the testis is critical for maintaining immune environmental homeostasis and male spermatogenesis. Zingiber mioga (Z. mioga) is an edible vegetable belonging to the ginger family that has shown antimicrobial activity. Previous research has reported that the ginger species showed potential treatment effects in androgen-driven disease to enhance the immune system by inhibiting androgen synthesis and function. However, the anti-androgen effect of the ginger family and subsequently reproductive outcome has not been evaluated. In this study, the testis development and sperm generation were evaluated in control and feeding Z. mioga mice. The global gene expression pattern was examined in testis by RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR. The results showed that testis/body weight significantly decreased from 32.5%±0.01 to 25%±0.01 and sperm concentration reduced from 7.6*106/ml±0.6 to 4.9*106/ml±0.6 after feeding Z. mioga. RNA-Seq data revealed that 480 transcripts were differentially expressed between control and treatment groups, with 300 upregulated genes and 180 downregulated genes in the treatment group compared with the control. Further analysis revealed that differential transcripts were associated with androgen synthesis and immunity function, including downregulated Scd1, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b6, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b3, Lhcgr and upregulated MHC II+ marker genes. The results of gene expression difference were confirmed by qRT-PCR. This study demonstrated the important effects of Z. mioga intake on the process of spermatogenesis and revealed the potential anti-androgen action mechanism of ginger species regulating androgen synthesis and improving immunity homeostasis.

To investigate the impact of Poa alpigena Lindm on rhizosphere and bulk soil microorganisms in Haixin Mountain, Qinghai Lake, this study employed metagenomics technology to analyze the microbial communities of the samples. Results showed that 65 phyla, 139 classes, 278 orders, 596 families, 2376 genera, and 5545 species of soil microorganisms were identified from rhizosphere and bulk soil samples. Additionally, a microbial gene library specific to Poa alpigena Lindm was established for Qinghai Lake. Through α-diversity analysis, the richness and diversity of bulk microorganisms both significantly had a higher value than that in rhizosphere soil. The indicator microorganisms of rhizosphere and bulk soil at class level were Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that Carotenoid biosynthesis, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Bacterial chemotaxis, MAPK signaling pathway, Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and vancomycin resistance were the key differential metabolic pathways of rhizosphere soil microorganisms; in contrast, in bulk soil, the key differential metabolic were Benzoate degradation, Glycolysis gluconeogenesis, Aminobenzoate degradation, ABC transporters, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, Degradation of aromatic compounds, Methane metabolism, Pyruvate metabolism and Microbial metabolism diverse environments. Our results indicated that Poa alpigena Lindm rhizosphere soil possessed selectivity for microorganisms in Qinghai Lake Haixin Mountain, and the rhizosphere soil also provided a suitable survival environment for microorganisms.

PLATZ (plant A/T-rich protein and zinc-binding protein) transcription factors are essential for plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. The regulatory role of PLATZ genes in the environmental adaptation of D. huoshanense is inadequately comprehended. The genome-wide identification of D. huoshanense elucidates the functions and regulatory processes of the gene family. Our investigation encompassed the examination of PLATZ gene structures and chromosome distribution, the construction of the phylogenetic tree with its relatives, and the analysis of the cis-acting elements and expression profiles potentially implicated in growth and stress responses. Eleven DhPLATZs were classified into three clades (I, II, and III) according to their evolutionary homology. The distribution of these genes over six chromosomes indicated that both whole genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication events have contributed to the expansion of this gene family. The Ka/Ks analysis revealed a pattern of purifying selection after duplication occurrences, suggesting little alterations in functional divergence. The collinearity and microsynteny results revealed that the three DhPLATZ genes shared the same conserved domains as the paralogs from D. huoshanense and D. chrysotoxum. Expression profiling and quantitative analysis demonstrated that DhPLATZ genes had unique expression patterns in response to phytohormones and cold stress. Subcellular localization indicated that three DhPLATZ genes were expressed in the nucleus, suggesting their role as transcription factors. These findings enhance our understanding of PLATZ genes’ involvement in D. huoshanense species and underscore their significance as important areas for further research.

Introduction: DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factors (TFs) are a unique family of TFs found in higher plants that regulate plant responses to light, hormones, and abiotic stresses. The specific involvement of Dof genes in the response to environmental stresses remains unknown in D. huoshanense.Methods: A total of 22 Dof family genes were identified from the D. huoshanense genome.Results: Chromosome location analysis showed that DhDof genes were distributed on 12 chromosomes, with the largest number of Dof genes located on chromosome 8. The phylogenetic tree revealed that DhDofs could be categorized into 11 distinct subgroups. In addition to the common groups, DhDof4, DhDof5, DhDof17, and the AtDof1.4 ortholog were clustered into the B3 subgroup. Group E was a newly identified branch, among which DhDof6, DhDof7, DhDof8, and DhDof9 were in an independent branch. The conserved motifs and gene structure revealed the differences in motif number and composition of DhDofs. The dof domain near the N-terminus was highly conserved and contained a C2-C2-type zinc finger structure linked with four cysteines. Microsynteny and interspecies collinearity revealed gene duplication events and phylogenetic tree among DhDofs. Large-scale gene duplication had not occurred among the DhDofs genes and only in one pair of genes on chromosome 13. Synteny blocks were found more often between D. huoshanense and its relatives and less often between Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana. Selection pressure analysis indicated that DhDof genes were subject to purifying selection. Expression profiles and correlation analyses revealed that the Dof gene under hormone treatments showed several different expression patterns. DhDof20 and DhDof21 had the highest expression levels and were co-expressed under MeJA induction. The cis-acting element analysis revealed that each DhDof had several regulatory elements involved in plant growth as well as abiotic stresses. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that DhDof2 was the main ABA-responsive gene and DhDof7 was the main cold stress-related gene. IAA suppressed the expression of some Dof candidates, and SA inhibited most of the candidate genes.Discussion: Our results may provide new insights for the further investigation of the Dof genes and the screening of the core stress-resistance genes.

Environmental hypoxia adversely affects reproductive health in humans and animals at high altitudes. Therefore, how to alleviate the follicle development disorder caused by hypoxia exposure and to improve the competence of fertility in plateau non-habituated female animals are important problems to be solved urgently. In this study, a hypobaric hypoxic chamber was used for 4 weeks to simulate hypoxic conditions in female mice, and the effects of hypoxia on follicle development, proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in MII oocyte and 2-cell rate were evaluated. At the same time, the alleviating effect of melatonin on hypoxic exposure-induced oogenesis damage was evaluated by feeding appropriate amounts of melatonin daily under hypoxia for 4 weeks. The results showed that hypoxia exposure significantly increased the proportion of antral follicles in the ovary, the number of proliferation and apoptosis granulosa cells in the follicle, and the level of ROS in MII oocytes, eventually led to the decline of oocyte quality. However, these defects were alleviated when melatonin was fed under hypoxia conditions. Together, these findings suggest that hypoxia exposure impaired follicular development and reduced oocyte quality, and that melatonin supplementation alleviated the fertility reduction induced by hypoxia exposure.

A new bibenzyl together with four known compounds were isolated from the medicinal plant Dendrobium huoshanense. The chemical structures of all the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HR-ESI-MS.

课程组基于原有兽医微生物学实验教学中存在的不足和对用人单位岗位技能需求的调研结果,对兽医微生物学实验教学进行改革.首先,通过调整优化实验内容,既强化学生对基础实验技能的掌握又更加注重综合应用能力培养;其次,改变原有单一灌输式教学方式,运用互联网移动端和雨课堂辅助教学平台,实现线上线下混合课堂、翻转课堂等多种教学方法融合教学;最后,优化考核评价方法,构建教学过程多元素评价体系,让学生由被动参与者转变为实验的主导者.经过 3 年多的教学实践,相较以往实验教学,提高了学生参与实验的主动性和学习兴趣,学习效果明显,提升了学生的应用和创新能力.

Artemisia argyi is a traditional Chinese herb with antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. The essential oil of Artemisia argyi was extracted using the steam distillation method in this study. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Agar disc diffusion and double-broth dilution assays were used to detect the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil. Subsequently, the antimicrobial mechanisms were explored through cytomembrane permeability assay and electron microscopy. Based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, 25 compounds were detected, including 13.76

Animal medicine is a traditional major in agronomy,which mainly trains ranch veterinarians.However,in recent years,with the rapid growth of China's economy,more and more pets are raised in families,pet medical industry emerges at the historic moment and becomes a rapidly developing emerging industry,so there is a strong demand for pet veterinary talents.In this new form of business,in order to meet the strong demand for pet veterinary talents in China,the animal medicine major of West Anhui University has established a talent training goal focusing on training pet veterinary doctors,and has formulated a talent training program focusing on training students'excellent clinical diagnosis and treatment ability of pet veterinarians.For this reason,the teaching and research team has carried out teaching reform from four aspects:dual-ability teaching staff,practical teaching platform inside and outside the school,practical teaching curriculum system and practical teaching quality assurance,constructed a practical teaching system with the training of pet veterinarians as the talent training goal.Through the teaching practice and exploration,good teaching effect has been achieved and the expected goal of talent training has been achieved.

目的 测定大别山栽培白及不同部位总酚含量,并研究其抗氧化活性.方法 单因素试验、正交试验优化白及总酚提取工艺,分光光度法测定总酚含量及其抗氧化活性.结果 最佳条件为乙醇体积分数60％,液料比40:1,提取温度80℃,提取时间2 h,提取1次,须根总酚含量为(1.34±0.023)％,块茎总酚含量为(0.35±0.015)％,茎总酚含量为(0.86±0.021)％,叶总酚含量为(3.22±0.031)％.相同质量浓度下须根总酚清除DPPH·的能力低于或接近维生素C,清除ABTS+·、还原Fe3+的能力高于维生素C.结论 白及总酚能作为天然抗氧化活性物质,以须根作用最强.

为探索霍山石斛抗急性炎症的有效部位,采用足肿胀急性炎症模型筛选霍山石斛抗急性炎症有效部位,以足肿胀度为判断指标,分别进行了霍山石斛水提物与乙醇提取物、霍山石斛水提醇沉物与醇溶物、霍山石斛水提醇沉物与多糖抗炎作用比较研究,以及有效部位抗炎作用研究.结果发现霍山石斛多糖降低模型小鼠足肿胀度优于霍山石斛其他提取部位,霍山石斛多糖高、中剂量组能显著抑制COX-2活性,降低炎症因子PGE2、IL-1β、TNF-α水平.表明霍山石斛多糖是霍山石斛的主要抗急性炎症有效部位.

本文建立了一种快速预测蕨菜总多糖含量的方法.采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定140份蕨菜总多糖含量作为参比值,采集140份蕨菜样品的傅里叶变换中红外光谱图,结合偏最小二乘法,建立蕨菜总多糖定量分析模型.通过比较多元散射校正法、标准正态变换法、一阶导数法、二阶导数法、多元散射校正+一阶导数法、标准正态变换+一阶导数法、多元散射校正+二阶导数法以及标准正态变换+二阶导数法共8种不同的光谱预处理方法,运用多糖类化合物的中红外光谱学特征吸收筛选建模波段,对蕨菜多糖含量预测模型进行优化.结果表明:采用标准正态变换法作为光谱数据预处理方法,以 1 750～1 600、1 500～1 400、1 350～1 290、1 160～1 070、1 060～970、930～800 cm-1作为建模波段,获得校正集相关性系数R2为0.930 8,校正均方差(RMSEC)为0.374％,检验集相关性系数R2为0.914 5,预测均方差(RMSEP)为0.418％,20组样品进行完全外部验证误差为:-0.35％～0.31％,相对误差值为:-0.83％～5.24％,所构建定量模型可用于蕨菜总多糖含量预测.

目的 比较蘘荷不同提取物对慢传输型便秘小鼠的作用,筛选其最佳有效部位.方法 分别提取蘘荷水提物、醇溶物、醇沉物,灌胃给予小鼠14 d,观察蘘荷不同提取物对慢传输型便秘小鼠首次排便时间、排便粒数及重量、小肠推进率、水通道蛋白3(AQP3)表达及肠道菌群的影响.结果 各给药组能缩短模型小鼠首次排便时间、提高排便粒数及重量、小肠推进率;蘘荷水提物组小鼠结肠AQP3表达降低、肠道菌群的丰富度及多样性升高;蘘荷醇溶物组肠道菌群的丰富度及多样性无差异;醇沉物组能提高AQP3表达,肠道菌群的丰富度及多样性低于水提物组.结论 蘘荷水提物是抗慢传输型便秘的最佳有效部位.

The integration of production and education is an important channel for deepening school-enterprise cooperation and cultivating applied talents. How can the agricultural majors of local colleges rely on the integration base of production and education to carry out practical teaching reform and cultivate agricultural science talents around the regional agriculture-related industrial chain? This is an important topic. On the basis of analysis of the relationship between the integration of industry and education and the cultivation of agricultural talents in local colleges, the problems of the practical teaching system of agricultural majors and the role of the integration base in the practical teaching reform of agricultural majors, six initiatives for the reform of the practical teaching of agricultural majors in local colleges are proposed based on the example of Dendrobium huoshanense industry and education integration base. It provides a reference for the cultivation of applied talents in agriculture majors in local colleges and universities in the context of industry-education integration.