The Alas Mentaok was a forest dominated by the mentaok tree (Wrightia javanica) that once existed in Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia. This forest has cultural and historical value, as it is believed to be the first location to establish the Mataram Islam Kingdom in Java in 1582 AD. This study utilized species distribution models (SDMs) to investigate the species distribution pattern and assess its latest conservation status in Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. The methodology used involved collecting occurrence and environmental data of W. javanica, conducting species distribution modeling using the maximum entropy algorithm, evaluating the model's accuracy, and performing an independent assessment of the area of occupancy (AOO) and extensive occurrence (EOO) using the geospatial conservation assessment tool (GeoCAT). While the number of suitable habitat areas for W. javanica in Yogyakarta is projected to decrease by 2100, the islands of Sumba and Timor are anticipated to experience an increase in the suitable habitat areas for the species during the same year. The analysis of BIOCLIM 34 indicates the mean moisture index of the warmest quarter plays a vital role in the current and future projections. AOO calculation in GeoCAT places this species in the endangered (EN) category, particularly within our regions of interest in Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Overall, a full assessment combining a habitat suitability model with current conservation status information would provide a more comprehensive understanding of mentaok's habitat preferences and current conservation status in Indonesia.

Indonesia, known for its high biodiversity, is threatened due to alien plants that invade local plant species in forest areas. West Bali National Park is overgrown with invasive exotic plants, such as Lantana camara L., known locally as the kembang telek. The research aims to predict the distribution of L. camara using species distribution models (SDMs) and analysis variable contribution in the model featured in the biodiversity climate change virtual laboratory (BCCVL) application. L. camara distribution prediction model in Bali used the Bioclim data input by identifying areas of low, medium, and high habitat suitability. Central mountainous regions, including parts of Buleleng, Jembrana, Bangli, Karangasem, and Tabanan, show the highest suitability. Response curves demonstrated the correlation between climate variables and occurrence probability, highlighting the specific condition of rainfall and temperature ranges favoring Lantana's growth. The model showed a reliable AUC value of 0.89, indicating realibility. Potential improvements through additional environmental parameters were suggested. While L. camara has some potential benefits as a medicinal plant in Balinese culture, its invasive nature poses significant threats to native ecosystems. The predictive map offers valuable insights for authorities to implement initiative-taking strategies for preventing and controlling Lantanas spread in vulnerable areas of Bali.

The Mutis-Timau Forest Complex,located on Timor Island,Indonesia,is a mountainous tropical forest area that gradually decreases due to deforestation and forest degradation.Previous modelling studies based on patterns indicate that deforestation primarily occurs at lower elevations and near the boundaries of forests and settlements,often associated with shifting cultivation by local farmers.This study adopts a process-based modelling approach,specifically the agent-based model,to simulate land changes,particularly farmers'expansion of agricultural land around the Mutis mountain forest.The underlying concept of this agent-based approach is the interaction between the human and environmental systems.Farmers,representing the human system,interact with the land,which represents the environmental system,through land use decision-making mechanisms.The research was conducted in the Community Forest of the Timor Tengah Utara District,one of the sites within the Mutis-Timau Forest Complex with the highest deforestation rate.Land use change simulations were performed using agent-based modelling from 1999 to 2030,considering the socio-economic conditions of farmers,spatial preferences,land use decisions,and natural transitions.The results revealed that the agricultural area increased by 14％under the Business as Usual scenario and 5％under the Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation scenario,compared to the initial agricultural area of 245 hectares.The probability of farmers deciding to extend agricultural activities was positively associated with the number of livestock maintained by farmers and the size of the village area.Conversely,the likelihood of farmers opting for agricultural extensification decreased with an increase in the area of private land and the farmer's age.These findings are crucial for the managers of the Mutis-Timau Forest Complex and other relevant stakeholders,as they aid in arranging actions to combat deforestation,designing proper forest-related policies,and providing support for initiatives such as reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation programs or further incentive schemes.

The infestation of Anisakis spp. in Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) may have significant health and socioeconomic implications. Understanding the spatio-seasonal occurrence of Anisakis spp. in its host, S. japonicus, is crucial ecologically and for effective management. This research aimed to develop a predictive map (spatial-seasonal patterns) for Anisakis’s infestation in S. japonicus using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm. Anisakis spp. and S. japonicus occurrences were obtained through a comprehensive Bibliographic analysis of the Scopus database (2017-2022) and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) database to collect the necessary data. Environmental predictors were sourced from the Global Marine Environment Data. The resulting model demonstrated a reliable performance, as indicated by an Area Under Curve (AUC) value on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) chart exceeding 0.8. The findings of this study revealed that the infestation of Anisakis spp. in S. japonicus is projected to be more prevalent during the fourth quarter of each year. Furthermore, the environmental factors influencing the infestation were identified as diffuse attenuation, water depth, and distance from the coast. These research outcomes can be a foundational reference for developing an effective control system for inspecting fresh or frozen fish within the quarantine department. By utilizing the spatial-seasonal patterns and environmental predictors identified in this study, authorities can implement targeted measures to prevent and mitigate the infestation of Anisakis spp. in S. japonicus, safeguarding public health and maintaining the quality of fish products.

Pada saat ini, ada kecenderungan back to nature mulai berkembang pesat dalam masyarakat yang menggunakan produk-produk herbal alami untuk pengobatan. Akar kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.) telah diketahui sebagai tumbuhan hutan yang memiliki banyak manfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui opini masyarakat desa di sekitar Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Samboja terhadap pengembangan akar kuning sebagai minuman kesehatan. Adapun aspek yang diteliti adalah opini terhadap penggunaan tumbuhan hutan sebagai obat, pengetahuan masyarakat desa tentang manfaat akar kuning, penilaian terhadap variasi minuman seduh akar kuning, serta kesediaan membeli dan kesediaan membayar dari masyarakat terhadap produk hasil pengembangan akar kuning. Data didapatkan dari wawancara dan uji organoleptik pada 50 responden di sekitar KHDTK Samboja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden sebanyak 60% setuju, 38% sangat setuju, dan 2% cukup setuju terhadap penggunaan tumbuhan hutan sebagai obat. Masyarakat desa juga pada dasarnya memiliki pengetahuan tentang manfaat dari akar kuning. Di antara manfaat akar kuning yang diketahui oleh masyarakat adalah sebagai obat malaria, obat diabetes, obat lelah, penurun demam, dan untuk mengobati tifus. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa varian minuman serbuk simplisia akar kuning dengan campuran daun stevia kering dan teh melati merupakan formula yang paling disukai secara warna, rasa, dan aroma.

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17,000 islands of varying sizes and elevations, from lowlands to very high mountains, stretching more than 5000 km eastward from Sabang in Aceh to Merauke in Papua. Although occupying only 1.3% of the world's land area, Indonesia possesses the third-largest rainforest and the second-highest level of biodiversity, with very high species diversity and endemism. However, during the last two decades, Indonesia has been known as a country with a high level of deforestation, a producer of smoke from burning forests and land, and a producer of carbon emissions. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental history and the long process of Indonesian forest management towards achieving environmental sustainability and community welfare. To do this, we analyze the milestones of Indonesian forest management history, present and future challenges, and provide strategic recommendations toward a viable Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) system. Our review showed that the history of forestry management in Indonesia has evolved through a long process, especially related to contestation over the control of natural resources and supporting policies and regulations. During the process, many efforts have been applied to reduce the deforestation rate, such as a moratorium on permitting primary natural forest and peat land, land rehabilitation and soil conservation, environmental protection, and other significant regulations. Therefore, these efforts should be maintained and improved continuously in the future due to their significant positive impacts on a variety of forest areas toward the achievement of viable SFM. Finally, we conclude that the Indonesian government has struggled to formulate sustainable forest management policies that balance economic, ecological, and social needs, among others, through developing and implementing social forestry instruments, developing and implementing human resource capacity, increasing community literacy, strengthening forest governance by eliminating ambiguity and overlapping regulations, simplification of bureaucracy, revitalization of traditional wisdom, and fair law enforcement.

Importance of the work:The sustainability of coral reefs in the Maluku Waters, Indonesia is threatened by future coastal pollution and climate change.Thus, it is crucial to develop a mapping projection model as a baseline for conservation policies.Objectives: To develop a habitat suitability prediction model for coral reefs in 2050, considering climate change scenarios and the cumulative impacts of water pollution. Materials & Methods:The model utilized the habitat data of Acropora spp.from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System database and projected them using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt) based on environmental factors (temperature, salinity, current, chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon, particulate inorganic carbon, nitrate, phosphate and ultraviolet penetration). Results:The study revealed a significant decline in spatial areas with high habitat suitability, decreasing from approximately 3,661 km² to only 64-226 km² in 2050 under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios 2.6, 6.0 and 8.5 Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change AR5 projections.Chlorophyll concentration, an indicator of coastal pollution, had the highest correspondence with optimal coral habitat, followed by temperature and salinity.Main finding: Besides contributing to international carbon emission reduction efforts, reducing coastal water pollution runoff is crucial for supporting the long-term sustainability of coral reefs, as indicated by the model's findings.This is due to the destructive effects of water pollution and future climate change.Policy adjustments and local wisdom are essential for conserving coral reef ecosystems.

Regarding plant protection in agriculture, it has been known that the cause of leaf blight is the bacteria named Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. This paper aims to conduct a species distribution model of leaf blight-causing bacteria in rice plants and elaborates on its habitat suitability throughout Indonesia within the climate change context. The occurrences data was extracted from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), whereas the climate data was obtained from the Worldclim data set. The Species Distribution Model used the Maximum entropy method available on the Ecocommons website. The result shows that the bacteria occurrences positively correlate with several climatic variables and spread throughout the archipelago presented into five classes. Main islands such as Java, Bali, and Sumatra share areas with the highest suitability values. While Kalimantan and Sulawesi only share small areas with high suitability area. Papua has a less suitable location for the bacteria to spread. Rice cultivation is inseparable from the threat of pests and diseases. It can cause losses in the form of decreased production to crop failure. Therefore, The Species Distribution Model needed to identify areas where the vector is likely to occur. This way, mitigation or even prevention efforts could be made effectively.

Scircpophaga incertulas is a caterpillar that lives in rice stalks and can damage rice crops from seedling to maturity. One factor that influences this pest’s presence is the climatic factor. This study aimed to map the future potential distribution of Scircpophaga incertulas (2100). The method utilized in this study was the Species Distribution Model (SDM) from the web-based modeling platform Ecocommons by using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). For current and climatic projections (the year 2100), the open-source climatic data from CliMond were used. The ANN result shows the climatic factors contributing to this species distribution are annual precipitation amount by more than 80%, followed by the mean monthly precipitation amount (the warmest quarter by precisely 80% and the coldest quarter by 62%). The SDM analysis indicates that around 23.07% of Indonesia’s archipelago is highly suitable for Scircpophaga incertulas in 2100, while in the current situation, 33.03% is suitable. This study deduces that the highest suitability for this pest distribution will cover 80% of the Java Island area in the future. In contrast, this species’ potential distribution in Papua will decline from 46.86% to 21.29% in 2100.

Excess anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere above urban areas can create an isolated heat island closely related to dense cities. Adding more green spaces may be strenuous because of the lack of public spaces. The upgrowth of the human population, along with anthropogenic activities, is the critical factor that escalates the effect of the urban heat island. However, they could be the most prominent resources to decrease it by utilizing community gardens or their private land as a functional green space. This paper is a literature study to determine the importance of urban gardening for heat island mitigation. We also conducted a spatial analysis to measure land surface temperature to understand the benefit of urban gardens for dense cities. Based on the previous studies, promoting urban gardening to the citizens can be an effective strategy to increase the green space proportion to meet the requirement for a healthy urban environment. Urban gardens help reduce the heat island effect by creating thermal comfort, reducing flood risk and water runoff, and conserving energy for building architects. This paper also recommends strategic plans for policymakers to achieve practical urban gardening as an urban heat island mitigation strategy.

Abstract Environmental ethics is a reflection of the moral principle between human beings and the natural environment. Ecocentrism, one of the environmental ethics, supports long-term environmental sustainability. This study aimed to determine the roles of ecocentrism toward the level of environmental awareness for sustainable use of natural resources. This descriptive research is to determine the association between the level of environmental awareness and environmental ethics. The study involved 30 students in Biology Education Department. Data were primarily collected using researcher-developed questionnaires. The level of environmental awareness was measured by using the Likert scale (1-5), based on the students’ positive contribution to their local environment in daily life. The problem-based interview was also added to determine which environmental ethics the students stood for (Ecocentrism or Anthropocentrism). The result showed 19 out of 30 students were dominated by anthropocentrism rather than ecocentrism toward the environment. Chi-Square analysis showed that there is no significant association between the level of environmental awareness and environmental ethics. People can have the same level of environmental awareness, but different environmental ethics. Ecocentrism needs to be promoted more in academics for sustainable use of natural resources not only for the present generation but also for the future generation.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the global agenda, agreed by world leaders in the United Nations. They are aimed at reducingpoverty, fighting inequality, and stopping the effects of climate change on the global environment. This paper discusses the concept of SDGs, consisted of 17 goals from the perspective of Islam Indonesia as the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. This literatures study used descriptive qualitative method. It is found that, the concepts of Islam are in line with the SDGs. Islam also has a way to fight poverty by doing zakat (charity), fasting, and a simple and healthy lifestyle, promoting fair rights between women and men and assurring equivalent positions between both, and instructing human beings to manage the environment wisely and to maintain the balance of nature. Moving ‘Muslim Power’ to achieve SDGs as a form of their ‘taqwa’ to their God is the challenge for the government, civil society organizations, and scholars in promoting SDGs or Sustainable Science to society and to higher education especially in the Islamic Universities (PTKI). Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Berwawasan Lingkungan atau Sustainable Development Goals merupakan skema program kebijakan yang disepakati para pemimpin dunia untuk mengurangi kemiskinan, kesenjangan, dan mengakhiri dampak perubahan iklim global. Artikel ini, mendiskusikan konsep SDGs yang terdiri dari 17 goal dalam perspektif Islam Indonesia sebagai negara dengan populasi muslim terbesar di dunia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian literatur ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa konsep Islam searah/berkelanjutan dengan tujuan SDGs. Islam juga memiliki cara untuk memerangi kemiskinan dengan zakat, puasa, dan pola hidup yang sederhana, memberikan hak-hak secara adil antara perempuan dan laki-laki dan menegaskan tidak ada posisi yang ekuivalen di antara keduanya; dan memerintahkan manusia untuk mengelola lingkungan secara bijak dan menjaga keseimbangan alam. Menggerakkan massa Islam untuk membantu dalam pencapaian SDGs sebagai wujud ketaqwaan mereka kepada Allah SWT menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah, organisasi masyarakat, maupun akademisi dalam mensosialisasikan SDGs serta Sustainable Science ke masyarakat maupun ke pendidikan tinggi khususnya perguruan tinggi keagamaan Islam (PTKI).

This study was conducted in Banjar Regency, in the areas of Keraton, Keramat Baru, Tungkaran, Akar Baru and Sungai Tabuk villages, South Kalimantan, from April-July 2009. The purpose of the study was to estimate the amount of carbon storage in water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) at freshwater swamps. The information obtained through this study is expected to provide benefits for the swampland management. The swamplands observed were the ones with water lettuce growing in the swamps. The sampling was carried out using purposive sampling technique with the consideration of grouping water lettuce’s distribution. The carbon storage measurement was performed by measuring biomass, organic carbon percentage in water lettuce, and total carbon storage in m2. The organic carbon was analyzed using Walkey & Black's Method. There were also analyses of crude fiber and ash in water lettuce. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical clusters. The carbon storage in water lettuce at freshwater swamps in Banjar Regency ranged between 64.07 – 237.75 g/m2. The average crude fiber ranged between 19.89 - 24.94 % and ash between 20.91 - 28.69%.

Green open space planning in Indonesia is mostly based on its quantity requirement, not its effectivity to cool down the heated island cities. This study aimed to build a priority assessment method in determining green open space location based on characteristics of Banjarbaru City. GIS-based mapping analysis was executed from satellite imagery to determine land cover types, vegetation density (NDVI), and temperature humidity index (THI) as indicators. They were overlaid together with population density and land price. Scoring analysis was used to select the highest priority area to build new green open space. This method is also applicable to other tropical cities.