Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted global health systems, and vaccination remains a critical strategy to mitigate its effects. However, vaccination rates among pregnant women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, remain understudied. This study aimed to identify factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women in the Thies health district, Senegal. Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved 736 pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities in Thies. They were then exhaustively recruited. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using R software. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with vaccination. Results: Participants had a mean age of 28.36 ±6.7 years, with most being married (88.0%), educated (79.1%), and lacking income-generating activities (66.1%). Awareness of COVID-19 vaccination was reported by 67.0%, yet only 28.5% expressed confidence in the vaccines. While 76.4% believed in the importance and usefulness of vaccination, 58.0% perceived it as risky. Vaccine coverage was 54.2%. Factors significantly associated with vaccination included advanced age, decision-making autonomy (AOR=4.24), knowledge of vaccines (AOR=15.3), and perceptions of the vaccine’s importance (AOR=3.26) and usefulness (AOR=2.98). However, perceived risk of vaccination was also associated with uptake (AOR=4.50). Conclusion: Improving COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women requires tailored interventions addressing knowledge gaps, decision-making autonomy, and risk perceptions. These findings highlight the importance of context-specific strategies to enhance vaccine acceptance and coverage in similar settings.

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects of tetanus. Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study based on the records of patients hospitalized for tetanus in the infectious diseases and tropical department of the University Hospital of Fann and collected from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022. Results: Over an 8-year period, 517 cases of tetanus were selected, with an average age of 30.9 ± 21.7 years. The median age was 24 years, with extremes of 2 and 90 years. The distribution of cases according to sex revealed a clear male predominance, with a sex ratio of 4.94. The profession was not specified for 47% of patients. The population most affected was represented by students (20.9%) and manual workers (18.8%). In terms of origin, 65.6% of the cases recorded came from suburban areas. The classic signs of tetanus were found: trismus (99.2%), dysphagia (84.5%) and tonic paroxysms (61.01%). The absence of a vaccination record was noted in 99.4% of cases. The main the portal of entry, for tetanus was integumentary in 397 cases (76.8%), with tetanus presenting mainly in the generalized form in 98.1% of cases. The incubation period was greater than or equal to 7 days in 63.06% of cases, and the invasion period was greater than or equal to 48 hours in 39.8% of cases. With regard to serotherapy, 89.2% of cases were treated intrathecally, and the main complications were cardiovascular (19.5%), infectious (14.1%) and respiratory (10.3%). 19.9% of cases were fatal. Conclusion: Although tetanus has become an exception in developed countries, it continues to pose a real public health problem in countries with limited resources, despite the existence of a vaccine that is now accessible, effective and completely safe. In Senegal, despite the efforts of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation, the incidence of tetanus in hospitals remains high, hence the importance of booster vaccinations and raising public awareness, especially among young people and manual workers.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of health care-associated infections (HAIs) at Fann Hospital, describe the profile of patients with HAI, and identify the causative pathogens. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of the records of patients hospitalized in eight departments of the Fann University Hospital for a microbiologically confirmed HAI from January 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024. Data were collected using an HAI surveillance form and analyzed using R software version 4.4.0. Results: Over a 3-month period, 62 cases of HAI were recorded out of a total of 1725 patients, giving a hospital attack rate of 3.5%. The median age of the patients was 59 years (interquartile range: 68-47). Males predominated (54.8%). Hospitalized patients came directly from their homes (40.3%) or from other university hospitals (35.5%). Arterial hypertension (29%) and diabetes mellitus (19.3%) were the main comorbidities. A history of previous surgery was found in 8% of the cases. Fever was the most common clinical manifestation (71%), followed by respiratory symptoms (29%). The medical devices used were venous (100%) and urinary catheters (54.5%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Pseudomonas spp (23.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (21.8%), and Escherichia coli (21.8%). In terms of the resistance phenotype, 43.6% and 21.8% of patients had extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, respectively. During hospitalization, 45 patients received nonspecific antibiotic therapy at the time of HAI. Death occurred in 11 patients, representing a fatality rate of 17.7%. Conclusions: The quarterly prevalence of HAIs was high in our hospital. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the factors associated with their occurrence.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the main infections and opportunistic infections in hospitalized patients living with HIV and to determine the hospital lethality rate. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study of patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the University Hospital of Fann over a 02-year period from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2022. Results: We recorded 308 cases, 296 of which were patients living with HIV, out of a total of 1208 patients admitted to the department, a hospital prevalence rate of 24.5%. The average age of the patients was 43.3 ± 13.3 years, with a sex ratio of 0.7. One hundred and thirty-one patients (44.26%) were married. 22.97% had no occupation and 35.5% of patients came from home. The average diagnostic period was 3.9 days ± 4.78 days. Two hundred and five patients (69.26%) were at WHO stage 4. Tuberculosis was the most common bacterial infection, with 114 cases (38.5%), followed by common bacterial pneumonia (7.77%) and septicemia (4.72%). With regard to viral infections, the prevalence of viral hepatitis B was 6.76%, followed by herpes (1.68%). Among parasitic infections, toxoplasmosis was noted in 6.41% and cryptosporidiosis in 2.02%. Candidiasis was the most common fungal opportunistic infection, affecting forty-three patients (14.52%), followed by pneumocystis (7.09%) and cryptococcosis (2.36%). More than a third of our patients (37.84%) had severe anaemia, with haemoglobin levels below 8g/dl. Nearly a quarter of patients (21.28%) had impaired kidney function. Conclusion: HIV infection occurs in young adults at a late stage. Mortality remains high due to opportunistic infection. It is essential to carry out early screening, but above all to make available diagnostic tools and certain molecules for treatment of opportunistic infections.

Introduction: COVID-19, like most viral respiratory diseases, can be associated with bacterial infections requiring antibiotic prescription. However, the prescription of antibiotics must be based on clinical and biological arguments, with clear recommendations. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with antibiotic prescription in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study including patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Epidemic Treatment Center of Fann Hospital from July 31, 2021 to March 31, 2022. Data were collected using a form and entered using Excel software. Analysis was performed using R software version 4.2.2. Factors associated with antibiotic prescribing were investigated using logistic regression. Results: A total of 248 patients were included. The median age was 65 years [53, 73], with a male predominance (sex ratio M/F 2.25). Comorbidities were mainly hypertension (35.88%), cardiovascular disease (23.38%) and diabetes (21.77%). The main clinical signs were cough (60.17%), fever (40.41%) and dyspnea (22.56%). On imaging, a ground-glass appearance was found in the majority of cases (84.52%), with severe lung involvement in 31.25%. Almost all patients were treated with anticoagulation (96%) and corticosteroids (95%). Azithromycin was the most prescribed antibiotic (56.38%), and 77% of patients were on oxygen. Case fatality was 21%. In bivariate analysis, antibiotic prescription was associated with heart disease (81.25% vs. 47.83%, p=0.01), smoking (81.82% vs. 48.51%, p=0.03), signs of lung consolidation (55, 43% vs 34.43%, p=0.004), oxygen therapy (55.97% vs 36.84%, p=0.03) and the existence of a complication (62.24% vs 41.73%, p=0.002). In multivariate analysis, only smoking (OR: 5.78 [1.30-42]), fever (OR: 1.82 [1.04-3.24]) and signs of lung consolidation (OR: 2.52 [1.30-5.05]) were associated with antibiotic prescription. Conclusion: In patients infected with COVID-19, antibiotic prescription is indicated in those with clinically or biologically documented bacterial infection.

Introduction: Pulmonary involvement during chickenpox is one of the most serious complications. However, it can be difficult to distinguish between varicella pneumonia, bacterial superinfection and an acute chest syndrome. We report a case of varicella complicated by pneumonia in a young adult with sickle cell disease. Observation: It was a 24-year-old woman with sickle cell disease. Examination on admission revealed generalized skin lesions of varying ages, associated with scratching lesions. On day 3 of hospitalization, she presented an acute respiratory distress associated with fever (40°C). Thoracic CT angiography revealed diffuse pulmonary nodules and micronodules in both lung fields. Blood culture isolated Staphylococcus spp. The patient was put on oxygen therapy combined with antiviral treatment and antibiotic therapy. The course was marked by symptoms regression, with disappearance of respiratory distress on day 2 and apyrexia on day 3 of treatment. The follow-up chest CT scan carried out at month 4, came back normal. Conclusion: Although pneumonia is one of the most common complications of varicella, it can be difficult to diagnose in patients with sickle cell disease, considering the frequency of pulmonary involvement of various etiologies

Introduction: bacteremia remains a public health problem worldwide. Unfortunately, none of the studies carried out on this subject in our context has looked at how bacteremia is managed. We therefore undertook this study to assess the management practices of bacteremia at the infectious and Tropical diseases department. Methods: this was a retrospective and descriptive study based on the analysis of records of patients hospitalized at Infectious and Tropical diseases department of Fann national university hospital in Dakar, Senegal. This study covered a five-year period, extending from January 1st 2018, to December 31 2022. Results: During our study period, 213 patients were enrolled. The sex ratio was 1.13. The average age was 45.6 ± 17.5 years. Most patients (63.4%) had at least one comorbidity. Thirty-two percent (32%) had a history of recent hospitalization, and 25% had received recent antibiotic therapy. During the study period, 231 bacterial strains were isolated. Gram-positive cocci accounted for 68%, and Gram-negative bacilli for 32%. The main bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (30.3%). Empiric antibiotic therapy had been initiated in 81% of patients. Following antibiotic susceptibility testing, 61% of patients had their antibiotic therapy readjusted. In 61% of cases, the therapeutic protocol was deemed unsuitable, in line with the recommendations of Senegal's national antibiotic guide and international recommendations. Conclusion: Bacteremias are common infections with significant morbidity and mortality that require a thorough understanding to improve management strategies and reduce AMR. In our context of low-income countries, following treatment guidelines is key to reducing AMR.

Aims: To describe the epidemiological, clinico-biological and radiological aspects of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection at the Fann Epidemics Treatment Center (ETC). Methodology: Cross-sectional study in Fann hospital, between July 2021 and March 2022. We included all patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection on the basis of epidemiological, clinical and CT scanographic evidence associated with a positive RT-PCR or Ag RDT. The data were entered into Excel and analysed using R software. Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Quantitative variables were described by the average accompanied by its standard deviation or the median associated with the extremes according to their distribution. Results: A total of 248 patients were enrolled during the study period. The average age was 61.7 ±15.2 years. Of the 248 patients, 110 were women (44.4%). High blood pressure was the most frequent comorbidity and was found in 89 patients (35.89%), followed by diabetes (21.7%) and obesity (7.26%) respectively. Three quarters (76.6%) of our patients had not been vaccinated against COVID-19. Dyspnoea was the most frequently encountered clinical symptoms (77%). More than a third of patients (39%) had extra-respiratory symptoms. A total of 109 patients underwent d-dimer testing, of whom 80 (73.4%) had levels ≥ 500ng/ml. One hundred and eighty-two patients (73.4%) had undergone thoracic CT or CT angio. And among them, 71.9% had ground-glass lesions, and half (50%) had severe to critical lesions. In our study, 52 patients died, representing a case-fatality rate of 21%. Conclusion: Our study population consisted mainly of elderly subjects, most of whom had not been vaccinated against COVID-19 and had one or more comorbidities, the most representative of which were high blood pressure, diabetes and heart diseases. In this population, the mortality rate of COVID-19 was significant, approximately one in four patients.

Senegal is one of the African countries where tetanus in children and adults remains a concern.Until now, there have been few studies on tetanus in elderly people.The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of tetanus in elderly people.This was a descriptive and analytical retrospective study of the records of patients hospitalized at the Infectious Diseases Department of Fann National University Hospital in Dakar for tetanus in person aged 60 years and older, from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2019.Data were collected from medical records.Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate potential risk factors of death.We included 962 cases of tetanus of all ages.Among the cases, 98 were elderly persons, representing a proportional morbidity of 10.10%.A male predominance was noted with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.45.Fifty-seven patients (58.17%) had at least one comorbidity and they were dominated by hypertension (32 cases) and diabetes (13 cases).More than half of the patients (63.3%) were unaware of their vaccination status and only 03 patients were up to date.The portal of entry was mainly integumentary (72.45%).The incubation period was ≥ 7 Days in 88.78% of cases, and the invasion period ≥ 48 hours in 60.20% of patients.The generalized clinical form represented 95% of cases.The evolution was marked by complications in 78.60% of cases.Complications were dominated by bacterial infections (45.90%).The average length of hospitalization was 13.5 ± 2.9 days [1 -49 days].Forty-eight (48) patients died during hospitalization, representing a hospital case fatality of 48.97%.In multivariate analysis, only a duration of invasion < 48 hours (p=0.032) and the occurrence of complications were significantly associated with death (p=0.004).Our study reveals once again the seriousness of tetanus in elderly.Moreover, our data confirms the need to update prognostic classifications by introducing certain factors that have been identified in numerous studies as being associated with patient death, such as advanced age, presence of comorbidities and occurrence of a complication.

Recent trends show a clear increase in cases of bacterial dermohypodermatitis (BDH) worldwide. According to some authors, this upsurge is linked to an increase in risk factors, particularly depigmentation. In Senegal, all data relating to BDH come from dermatology departments. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics, management, and outcomes of dermohypodermatitis at the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department (SMIT) of Fann hospital. This was a retrospective study conducted at the SMIT. The study population consisted of all patients hospitalized in the department for BDH from 2016 to 2020. We recorded 54 cases of BDH, representing a hospital frequency of 1.29%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.42. The median age was 46.5 years [17-85 years]. The most factor of BDH, was depigmentation (31.48%). BDH was localized to the lower limbs in 81.48%. Pain (96.30%), inflammatory swelling (92.59%), and erythematous placard (85.19%) were the main physical symptoms. Blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Cytobacteriological examinations of fluid from ruptured phlyctens isolated Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp, Escherichia Coli, and Acinetobacter Spp. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was found in 4 patients (13.79%). Complications were present in 18 patients (33.33%). We recorded 5 deaths, representing a lethality rate of 9.26%. Depigmentation has become a major risk factor. Women need to be educated about the harmful effects associated with this practice.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and outcome aspects of severe malaria and to determine the risk factors for death. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study of patients treated for severe malaria at the infectious and tropical diseases department of the University Hospital center of Fann between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for death Results: During our study, 138 patients were hospitalized for severe malaria over a period of 3 years, with a peak in the months of october and november. They were mostly from urban areas (68.11%). The average consultation time was 6.7 days ± 7.1 days. There was a clear male predominance, with a sex ratio of 3.18. The average age of patients was 33.96 ± 17 years. The main signs of clinical severity were coma (44.2%), prostration (36.95%) and jaundice (61.5%). Biological signs included anaemia (14.49%) and renal failure (9.42%). Severe malaria was associated with SARS Cov 2 infection in 4 patients. All patients were treated with injectable artesunate. The average length of hospitalization was 6 ± 6 days. Case fatality was 10.7. In multivariate analysis, coma (ORa =12.29 IC95%: 2.0 - 73.22 P=0.006) and severe anaemia (ORa=27.16 IC95%: 3.4 - 217.18 P=0.006) were risk factors associated with death. Conclusion: Early recognition of the signs of seriousness and their early management thanks to improved technical facilities in intensive care units can improve the prognosis of patients.

Tetanus is an infection caused by Clostridium tetani. The disease has been described from the earliest medical literature. Despite this old knowledge, the existence of a vaccine, and the progress made in pathophysiology and treatment, tetanus remains a real public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Tetanus in children and adults is still a frequent cause of hospitalization in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department (SMIT) of the Fann National University Hospital (CHNU). We conducted this study with the main objective of carrying out a situational analysis of tetanus at SMIT from 2010 to 2017. We recorded 706 cases of tetanus in a total of 8123 hospitalized patients. The median age of the patients was 23 years [1 - 90 years]. The sex ratio (M/F) was 4/1. More than half (58.78%) came from suburban areas. The population was most frequently made up of students (24%) or manual workers (22.1%). At least one comorbidity was present in 107 patients (15.15%). The absence of a vaccination record was found in 99.56%. The main portal of entry was integumentary (83.3%), post-circumcision (5.7%) and otogenous (4%). Tetanus was generalized in 93.9% of cases. The main signs of tetanus found were trismus and dysphagia. Patients were most frequently classified as stage II (78.7%). Antibiotic therapy was based on metronidazole (51.41%). Anti-tetanus serotherapy was carried out by sub-occipital administration in 97.6%. Tracheostomy was performed in 48 patients. Complications occurred in 226 patients (32.01%). The main complications were respiratory (53.98%), infectious (45.13%) and cardiovascular (41.59%). The average delay in hospitalization was 3.6 ± 3.4 days. The mean length of hospital stay was 11.9 ± 8.2 days. The hospital case-lethality rate was 18.98%. Despite the decline in cases over the years in our country, tetanus remains a public health problem because of its prevalence, severity, and lethality.

Background: Among patients treated for tuberculosis, 2% to 5% have a Central Nervous System (CNS) lesion, and its frequency rises to 10% in HIV-infected patients. Neuro-meningeal tuberculosis (NMT) is responsible for death and severe permanent neurological damage. This poor prognosis requires early diagnosis and rapid initiation of specific treatment. Unfortunately, the great clinical polymorphism and the lack of specificity of radiological and biological signs are frequently responsible for a delay in diagnosis and management. Senegal is one of the African countries where tuberculosis has remained a concern until now. And there are no studies carried out on this subject. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the profile and outcome of Neuro-meningeal tuberculosis (NMT) cases diagnosed at the infectious diseases department (SMIT) of Fann University Hospital in Dakar, (referral service for management of tuberculosis). Methods: We carried out a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, reviewing medical records of adults diagnosed with NMT at the SMIT of Fann Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020. Results: We collected 55 cases of NMT. The median age was 38 years [range 16 - 77 years]. The sex ratio (M/F) was 3.23. HIV patients represented 41.82% of cases. A history of tuberculosis was found in 25.5% of cases. The delay in consultation was greater than one month in 60% of patients. Headaches were the most constant reason for consultation (94.55%). Meningeal signs were present in 94.55% of patients, and consciousness disorders and intracranial hypertension were present in 63.64% and 56.36% respectively. Nerve palsy was found in 38.18%. CSF was clear in 81.64%. GeneXpert MTB/RIF in CSF was performed in 33 patients and was positive in 4 patients. Brain CT was abnormal in 72.09% of cases. Tuberculoma, hydrocephalus and meningeal contrast enhancement were the main lesions. The neuro-meningeal localization was associated with a pulmonary form in 32.7%. The lethality rate was 21.8%; higher in women (46.2% vs 14.3%; p = 0.01), in patients with a delay in consultation > 1 month (p = 0.03), and in patients who presented with consciousness disorders (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Despite the availability of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF, diagnosis of NMT remains difficult. Because of its variable clinical expression and the low sensitivity of the GeneXpert MTB/rif in the CSF, it exposes patients to serious complications. Among the factors associated with death, we found consciousness disorders, a long delay in diagnosis.

Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread from China to the rest of the world. Africa seems less impacted with lower number of cases and deaths than other continents. Senegal recorded its first case on March 2, 2020. We present here data collected from March 2 to October 31, 2020 in Senegal. Methods Socio-demographic, epidemiological, clinical and virological information were collected on suspected cases. To determine factors associated with diagnosed infection, symptomatic disease and death, multivariable binary logistic regression and log binomial models were used. Epidemiological parameters such as the reproduction number and growth rate were estimated. Results 67,608 suspected cases were tested by the IPD laboratories (13,031 positive and 54,577 negative). All age categories were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also patients having diabetes or hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases. With diagnosed infection, patients over 65 years and those with hypertension and cardiovascular disease and diabetes were highly associated with death. Patients with co-morbidities were associated with symptomatic disease, but only the under 15 years were not associated with. Among infected, 27.67% were asymptomatic (40.9% when contacts were systematically tested; 12.11% when only symptomatic or high-risk contacts were tested). Less than 15 years-old were mostly asymptomatic (63.2%). Dakar accounted for 81.4% of confirmed cases. The estimated mean serial interval was 5.57 (± 5.14) days. The average reproduction number was estimated at 1.161 (95%CI: 1.159–1.162), the growth rate was 0.031 (95%CI: 0.028–0.034) per day. Conclusions Our findings indicated that factors associated with symptomatic COVID-19 and death are advanced age (over 65 years-old) and comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: Tetanus portals of entry are numerous. Amongst these, the carerelated portals of entry are rarely reported. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and outcome aspects and identify the factors associated with death from care-related tetanus. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of descriptive and analytical purposes. Data were collected from the medical records of patients admitted to the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department of the National University Hospital Center (CHNU) of Fann in Dakar for care-related tetanus during the period ranging from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2016. Care-related tetanus was defined as any case of tetanus occurring after a surgical procedure, including circumcisions performed even outside a health facility. Results: In eight years, 50 cases of care-related tetanus were recorded. Care-related tetanus accounted for 6.7% of hospitalized tetanus cases. The mean age of patients was 21 ± 22 years, with a male predominance (sex ratio: 6.14). The procedure had been performed in most cases, either in a health facility in 22 patients (44%) or at home in 16 patients (32%), and occurred after circumcision. In 62% of cases the portal of entry was urological, followed by orthopedic surgery (14%) and visceral surgery (10%). The procedures performed were dominated by circumcision (31 cases), limb amputation (3 cases) and inguinal hernia repair (2 cases). Tetanus was immediately generalized on admission in all patients. Eighty-four percent (84%) of patients were admitted with Mollaret stage II. Cardiovascular (11 cases), infectious (10 cases) and respiratory (9 cases) complications were the most frequent. The hospital case fatality rate was 24%. Factors associated with death were female gender (p = 0.03), age between 15 - 60 years (p = 0.02), incubation time < 7 days (p = 0.003), presence of complication (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Care-related tetanus remains a concern in poor income countries, particularly in Senegal. The drop of these cases will require better immunization coverage of the population. It is also appropriate to raise the awareness of health care providers and surgeons and to promote capacity building for better prevention of cases through sero-immunization of patients at risk before the procedure and rigorous asepsis.

As of today, little data is available on COVID-19 in African countries, where the case management relied mainly on a treatment by association between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZM). This study aimed to understand the main clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Senegal from March to October 20202. We described the clinical characteristics of patients and analysed clinical status (alive and discharged versus hospitalized or died) at 15 days after Isolation and Treatment Centres (ITC) admission among adult patients who received HCQ plus AZM and those who did not receive this combination. A total of 926 patients were included in this analysis. Six hundred seventy-four (674) (72.8%) patients received a combination of HCQ and AZM. Results showed that the proportion of patient discharge at D15 was significantly higher for patients receiving HCQ plus AZM (OR: 1.63, IC 95% (1.09–2.43)). Factors associated with a lower proportion of patients discharged alive were: age ≥ 60 years (OR: 0.55, IC 95% (0.36–0.83)), having of at least one pre-existing disorder (OR: 0.61, IC 95% (0.42–0.90)), and a high clinical risk at admission following NEWS score (OR: 0.49, IC 95% (0.28–0.83)). Few side effects were reported including 2 cases of cardiac rhythmic disorders in the HCQ and AZM group versus 13 in without HCQ + AZM. An improvement of clinical status at 15 days was found for patients exposed to HCQ plus AZM combination.

Introduction-Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide.The predictors of mortality due to TB are rarely evaluated in Senegal.The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with related TB death in two treatment centers in Dakar, Senegal.Method: We conducted a prospective descriptive-analytical study dealing with TB patients followed in the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at FANN Teaching Hospital and Dakar Principal Hospital and in the Department of Pulmonology at Dakar Principal Hospital from March 1 st , 2019 to February 29 th , 2020.Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the associated factors of death.Results: Two hundred eighty-two patients in the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at FANN teaching hospital (57%), in the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at Dakar Principal Hospital (31%), and in the Department of Pulmonology at Dakar Principal Hospital ( 12%) were included in the study.The mean age was 39 ± 16 years and the male to female ratio was 2.2.Isolated pulmonary TB, isolated extrapulmonary TB, and both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB were present in 33.3%, 30.5% and 36.2% of cases, respectively.Twenty-two patients died, corresponding to a mortality rate of 7.8%.Factors independently associated with death were age ≥ 60 years (26.2 [3.6 -191.2])compared to 16 -40 years' age group, HIV infection (7.2 [1.4 -36.9]), neurological localization of ), and hemoglobin level < 10 g/dl (5.5 [1.3 -23.9]).Conclusion: Tuberculosis remains a fatal

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 began later in Africa than in Asia and Europe. Senegal confirmed its first case of coronavirus disease on March 2, 2020. By March 4, a total of 4 cases had been confirmed, all in patients who traveled from Europe.

The aim of our study was to describe the socio-demographic, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of patients admitted to tuberculosis re-treatment and managed at the The Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department (SMIT) screening and tuberculosis treatment center (TTC), to determine the factors associated with unfavourable outcome.