Introduction: Fructosamine is a stable ketoamine, formed by the reaction between glucose and the amino group of proteins (mainly albumin, but also globulins and lipoproteins). It indicates average blood glucose concentrations of 2 to 3 weeks for monitoring and controlling diabetes. However, studies on fructosamine based on the characteristics of Burkinabè are still rarely documented. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to investigate the fructosamine profile in regular blood donors from the town of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Material and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with a collection period from 10 August 2024 to 10 September 2024. The study population consisted of fasting adult regular blood donors from Burkina Faso residing in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso, collected at the Bobo-Dioulasso Regional Blood Transfusion Centre. Fructosamine was determined by the colorimetric method using the Cobas® 6000 analyser. The data were analysed using R studio 4.3.3 software so that medians were calculated and reference values were determined at the 2.5 thand 97.5 thpercentile. Results-discussion: A total of 60 regular blood donors, equally distributed by gender, were selected. The mean age of the regular blood donors was 28.28±7.72 years (min = 19 years and max=52 years) while the mean number of donations was 6.97±8.50 (min=2 and max=61). Median fructosamine values were 272.5 µmol/L while the 2.5 thand 97.5 thpercentiles were 247.9 µmol/L and 314.77 µmol/L. The fructosamine ranges in our study population were higher than the reference values proposed by the reagent kit manufacturer and those proposed in the literature. There was no significant difference between the mean fructosamine concentrations according to sex, according to the age groups 19 to 36 and 37 to 55 and according to BMI (normal, overweight, obese). Conclusion: In a context of limited resources, this study contributes to providing reference ranges with a view to improving the control and monitoring of diabetes mellitus in Burkinabe subjects.

The "Colibri Sud" care centre was set up to improve access to care for psychoactive substance users in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. The purpose of this study was to describe the profile of psychoactive substance users who attended the "Colibri Sud" Medical Centre after 13 months of activity. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study based on data collected from March 1(st), 2022, to March 31, 2023. The variables collected included sex, age, occupation, and the type of substance used. Data analysis was performed using STATA 16 software. A Fisher's exact test with a 5% significance level was considered significant. A total of 116 patients were included in the study. The most commonly used substances were cannabis (75.86%), benzodiazepines (25%), opiates (11.2%), barbiturates (6.9%), and cocaine (3.44%). Poly-drug users accounted for 15.50% of the sample. Patients under 30 years of age were the most represented (67.24%), as well as workers in the informal sector (40.52%) and students (31.03%). The centre is frequented predominantly by a young male population and cannabis remains the most commonly used substance. However, the use of benzodiazepines, opiates, and poly-drug use, which was previously rare, is now significant. Given the profiles observed, access to chromatographic tests for detecting and quantifying these psychoactive substances is crucial for better management. Additionally, actions undertaken should particularly target students.

Introduction: Ampelocissus africana is a medicinal plant used to treat several diseases, including those affecting the prostate. This study investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of rhizomes from Ampelocissus africana (AAA) on a testosterone propionate (TP)-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) model. Methods: The effect of the extract at 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg on BPH in male rats was assessed using daily subcutaneous injections of 3 mg/kg TP for four consecutive weeks. After the induction schedule, physical parameters, prostate index (PI), serum biochemical parameters, homogenate antioxidant, enzyme parameters, and prostates histopathological studies were carried out. Triterpenes and sterols were also assessed. Results: Treatment with AAA reduced the PI level in a dose-dependent manner (up to 75.91% at the dose of 300 mg/kg). The inflammatory marker measured in the present study, namely C-reactive protein, increased significantly in the BPH group and improved with the treatments. In addition, AAA reduced oxidative stress by decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increasing the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in comparison to the positive control group. A histopathological examination corroborated the result of the analysis of the physical and biochemical parameters. The study also showed interesting levels of triterpenes (119.5 ± 4.5 mg UAE/g) and sterols (104.6 ± 3.06 mg CE/g). Conclusion: These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Ampelocissus africana could be used as a natural herbal therapy to treat BPH.

Biological monitoring is an essential part of the management of HIV infection. The aim of this study was to assess serum amylase activity during follow-up of children living with HIV-1 (CLHIV-1) at the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG). This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Patients under 15 years of age who were being monitored for HIV-1 at CHUP-CDG and who had undergone a serum amylase assay during the study period were included. A total of 746 patients have been included, with a M/F sex ratio of 0.91 and a mean age of 8.52±4.08 years. Among CLHIV-1, 88.05% had a TCD4 lymphocyte count > 500/mm3 and 60.32% an undetectable plasma viral load (PVL). The incidence of hyperamylasemia in the study population was 57.64%. Hyperamylasemia was significantly more frequent in children aged 0-2 years (p<0.00001), in patients with a high PVL (p=0.0016) and in those on the protocol combining two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with a protease inhibitor. Several abnormalities in serum amylase activity were detected in CLHIV-1 during the course of the study. Clinical correlation and adequate follow-up of these abnormalities are essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic damage in people living with HIV.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease represents a major public health burden worldwide. Research and management of risk factors contribute to the prevention of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the biochemistry unit of the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG) in Ouagadougou. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Patients of all ages who performed a lipid panel in the CHUP-CDG biochemistry unit during the study period have been included. Results: A total of 2872 patients have been included. The mean age of the study population was 27.72 ± 19.51 years and the M/F sex ratio was 0.81. Among the patients, 22.84% had at least one dyslipidemia. The prevalences of hypercholesterolemia, hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia were 11.57%, 49.19% and 57.50% respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia were present in 9.04% and 2.08% of patients. Hypercholesterolemia was significantly more frequent in the female sex (p = 0.0077); hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (p = 0.0255) and mixed hyperlipidemia (p < 0.00001) in patients over 45 years of age. Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study indicates a worrying situation. It would therefore appear essential to extend the search for risk factors nationwide, particularly those that can be modified, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality linked to cardiovascular disease.

RÉSUMÉ Introduction. L’anémie de la maladie rénale chronique peut-être observée dès que le débit de filtration glomérulaire devient inférieur à 60 ml/min/1,73m2. Elle constitue une complication fréquente chez les hémodialysés chroniques. Méthodes. Il s'est agi d’une étude transversale descriptive réalisée en février 2018 qui a inclus tous les hémodialysés chronique du centre hospitalier universitaire Sourô SANOU (CHUSS). Elle était préliminaire à une utilisation d’agent stimulant l'érythropoïèse (ASE). Notre objectif était de déterminer la prévalence de l’anémie et de la carence martiale chez les hémodialysés chroniques du CHUSS. Résultats. Nous avons inclus 42 hémodialysés chronique dont 28 hommes (66,67%) et 14 femmes (33,33%). L’âge moyen était de 40,45 ± 10,87 ans. La durée moyenne en dialyse était de 16,17 ± 19,76 mois. La durée en hémodialyse était inférieure à un an chez 25 patients soit 59,5%. L’anémie était présente chez 40 hémodialysés soit une prévalence à 95,24%. Le taux d’hémoglobine moyen était à 7,24 ± 1,52 g/dL. Sept hémodialysés soit 17,50% avaient une anémie microcytaire et hypochrome. L’anémie était normochrome normocytaire chez 23 hémodialysés soit 57,50%. Le fer sérique était inferieur 10 umol/L chez 16 hémodialysés soit 39,02%. Le coefficient de saturation de la transferrine (CST) était inférieur à 20% dans 12 cas (29,27%). Il était supérieur à 40% dans 5 cas (12,2%). Conclusion. L’anémie et la carence martiale était très fréquente et souvent sévère chez nos hémodialysés chronique. L’utilisation des ASE et le fer injectable pourrait améliorer la qualité de vie des hémodialysés. ABSTRACT Introduction. Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) can occur as soon as glomerular filtration rate falls below 60 ml/min/1.73m2. It is one of the most frequent complications in chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in February 2018 and included all chronic hemodialysis patients at CHUSS. It was preliminary to an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) use. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of anemia and martial deficiency in chronic hemodialysis patients at CHUSS. Results. We included 42 chronic hemodialysis patients, 28 men (66.67%) and 14 women (33.33%). Mean age was 40.45 ± 10.87 years. Mean duration of dialysis was 16.17 ± 19.76 months. Hemodialysis duration was less than one year in 25 patients (59.5%). Anemia was present in 40 hemodialysis patients (95.24%). The mean hemoglobin level was 7.24 ± 1.52 g/dL. Seven (7) hemodialysis patients (17.50%) had microcytic and hypochromic anemia. Anemia was normocytic normochromic in 23 hemodialysis patients (57.50%). Serum iron was less than 10 umol/L in 16 hemodialysis patients (39.02%). The transferrin saturation coefficient (TSC) was below 20% in 12 cases (29.27%). It was above 40% in 5 cases (12.2%). Conclusion. Anemia and martial deficiency were very frequent and often severe in our chronic hemodialysis patients. The use of ESAs and injectable iron could improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients.

L’éfavirenz est un inhibiteur sélectif non nucléosidique de la transcriptase inverse du virus de l’immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) se caractérisant par un index thérapeutique étroit et une forte variabilité inter-individuelle dans ses paramètres pharmacocinétiques. L’objectif de ce travail était de développer et valider une méthode rapide et simple de dosage plasmatique de l’éfavirenz par chromatographie liquide haute performance. Le développement a été effectué en utilisant une colonne C8 (100 x 4,6 mm, 5 μm) et une phase mobile constituée d’un mélange acétonitrile-eau, (55-45 v/v). Le débit et la longueur d’onde de détection étaient respectivement de 1 mL/min et 246 nm. Le temps de rétention de l’éfavirenz était de 6,2 minutes. Aucun étalon interne n’a été utilisé dans cette méthode. L’étude de validation a montré que la méthode mise au point était spécifique, linéaire, exacte et précise dans l’intervalle de concentration de 0,5 à 10 mg/L. La méthode ainsi développée et validée pourrait être utilisée pour déterminer la concentration plasmatique de l’éfavirenz dans le cadre d’un suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique des patients sous antirétroviraux. Efavirenz is an anti-viral agent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor category used for the treatment of infections of human immune deficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). It is characterized by a narrow therapeutic window and a high variability in its pharmacokinetic parameters. The objective of this work consisted of developing and validating a rapid and simple method for determination of efavirenz in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography. The method was developed using a C8 column (100 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water 55/45, v/v. A flow rate of 1 mL/min and a wavelength of 246 nm was used. The retention time of efavirenz was 6.2 min. No internal standard was employed. The validation study showed that the developed method was selective, linear, accurate et precise over the concentration range of 0.5-10 mg/L. The developed and validated method could be used for the therapeutic and pharmacokinetic monitoring of efavirenz.

Introduction: A higher risk of death is associated with wasting in children if it is not treated properly. The objective of this study was to investigate the ionic disorders observed in infants suffering from severe wasting at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YO-TH) and at Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital (CDG-PTH) in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods: This was a retrospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim over the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Results: It concerned infants aged 6 to 24 months hospitalized at YO-TH and at CDG-PTH from Ouagadougou. We included 271 infants. The mean age of the infants was 14.48 ± 5.44 months with 42.07% which was in the age range of [12 - 18] months. On admission to the hospital, the children had an average weight, height and BMI of 6.22 ± 1.32 kg, 0.73 ± 0.07 m and 11.67 ± 1.53 kg/m2. In urban areas 56.46% of children and the main reasons for consultation were fever (88.19%), vomiting (52.80%) and diarrhea (50.20%). Electrolyte disturbances in emaciated infants affected all 8 parameters of the blood ionogram. However, the major disorders were 65.68% hyponatremia, 55.35% hypobicarbonatemia, 41.33% hypoprotidemia and 32.47% hypokalemia in infants aged 6 to 24 months. We found an association between diarrhea and residence with hypokalemia (p = 0.0000) and hypochloremia (p = 0.010), respectively. Conclusion: Severe acute wasting in infants 6 to 24 months of age remains a concern in the hospital setting. The frequency of biochemical disturbances is also high.

L’alcool éthylique est une substance psychoactive dont la consommation excessive est associée au risque d’accident routier. L’objectif de cette étude a été de déterminer la concentration en alcool éthylique sur du plasma humain. Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale sur des victimes d’accident de la voie publique admises aux urgences chirurgicales. La détermination de la concentration en alcool éthylique et des activités catalytiques de la gammaglutamyltransférase et des transaminases ont été réalisées à l’aide de méthode enzymatique. Une concentration en alcool éthylique inférieure à 0,2 g/L a été considérée normale selon la législation en vigueur au Burkina Faso. Au total, 45 victimes d’accident de la voie publique ayant un âge médian de 32 ans (minimum-maximum : 18 – 71 ans) ont constitué la population d’étude. Une concentration élevée en alcool éthylique a été retrouvée chez 26,67% (12/45) des victimes avec une valeur médiane de 1,01 g/L (minimum-maximum : 0,2 - 3,00 g/L). Ces résultats démontrent bien une forte imprégnation alcoolique des victimes d’accident de la voie publique. D’où l’intérêt d’un dépistage systématique de l’alcoolémie en urgence chirurgicale. English title: Determination of blood alcohol concentration in traffic crash victims admitted to the surgical emergency department at the Sanou Sourô University Hospital, Burkina FasoEthanol is a psychoactive substance associated in road traffic crashes. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of ethanol in human plasma. This was a cross-sectional study on road traffic crash victims admitted to the surgical emergency department. Determination of the ethanol concentration and catalytic activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase and transaminases were carried out using enzymatic methods. An ethanol concentration lower than 0.2 g/L was considered normal according to the laws in Burkina Faso. A total of 45 traffic crash victims with a median age of 32 years (minimum-maximum: 18 - 71 years) constituted the study population. A high ethanol concentration was found in 26.67% (12/45) of the victims with a median value of 1.01 g/L (minimum-maximum: 0.2 - 3.00 g/L). These results clearly demonstrate a high alcohol impregnation in road traffic crash victims. Hence the interest of a systematic screening for blood alcohol content in surgical emergencies.

Hyperhomocysteinemia, currently a public health problem, has been associated with the onset of critical diseases among elderly persons. Our aim in this study was to determine homocysteinemia levels in retired people. A cross sectional study was carried out among retired people in Bobo Dioulasso. Sociodemographic and clinico-biological variables were collected. Quantitative determination of total homocysteinemia in serum was carried out by a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Three homocysteinemia levels were considered: moderate (16-30 µmol/L), intermediate (31-100 µmol/L), and severe (>100 µmol/L). Fisher's exact test was used to examine the significance of the association with a p-value of 0.05. We included a total of 71 retired people, with a median age of 64 years [minimum - maximum: 45 - 92 years], Hyperhomocysteinemia between [16-30 µmol/L [was observed in 16.90% (12/71) with a median homocysteinemia value equal to 18.71 µmol/L [minimum - maximum = 16.57 - 26.60 µmol/L]. Hyperhomocysteinemia was not significantly associated with increased blood pressure (p = 0.817), age group (p = 0.958), sex (p = 0.106), body mass index (0.053), estimated GFR (p = 0.590). A low frequency of moderate hyperhomocysteinemia was recorded in retired persons in Bobo-Dioulasso. An investigation of genetic polymorphisms associated with hyperhomocysteinemia could be considered.

Cholinesterase activity monitoring during the organophosphorus pesticides poisoning is still a challenge in the remote areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Test-mate Model 400 EQM® for the determination of cholinesterase. This is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted with two different levels of quality control sera (QCs) and 40 sera of different cholinesterase concentrations from patients samples. The coefficient of variation obtained for repeatability was compared to the supplier's values. Spearman's coefficient and kappa coefficient (ĸ) were used to examine correlation and assess agreement between measurements obtained with the handheld device and the INDIKO analyzer, used as a reference test. For repeatability of EQM Test-mate ChE®, coefficients of variation was 5.5% and 6% for the normal and pathological control sera respectively, that is lower than 7.5% as recommended by the supplier. A Spearman correlation coefficient of r=0.7451 (p<0.0001) was obtained and a good agreement between the measurements ( ĸ=0.7253 (95%CI: 0.655- 0.841)). This handheld device is repeatable and showed a good correlation and agreement with the INDIKO® analyzer. It would therefore be suitable for determining cholinesterase activity in remote areas in case of organophosphate poisoning.

Patients living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of cardiovascular events. Our aim in this study was to assess the cut-off value for lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) in CKD patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This was a cross-sectional study. Variables including age, sex, history of CVD, body mass index and CKD stage, were collected during CKD patient’s first admission in the nephrology dialysis department. Blood samples were collected for quantitative determination of Lp(a) by immunoturbidimetric method. They were divided into two groups: CKD patients without history of CVD and CKD patients with history of CVD. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess associations with a significance level of 0.05%. Area under the curve (AUC) and new cut-off value for Lp(a) were identified by drawing Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of seventy CKD patients with median age of 43 years [minimum-maximum = 15 - 78 years] were included. Patients with history of CVD were 65.71% (46/70). New Lp(a) cut-off point in CKD patients with history of CVD was 66.50 nmol/L [sensitivity, 87.00%; specificity, 58.30%; AUC = 0.727; p = 0.000]. ROC curve demonstrated good performance of Lp(a) to screen CKD patients with history of CVD. Further research is needed to determine an LPA gene polymorphism’s contribution to increasing risk for CVD at each kidney disease stage.

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker for bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid procalcitonin (CSF PCT) as tools for detecting bacterial meningitis. This was a prospective and descriptive study conducted at Sourô Sanou University Hospital from May to August 2022. Random sampling was carried out, including patients with suspected bacterial meningitis. Quantitative procalcitonin was determined on CSF supernatants by electrochemiluminescence. Direct real-time PCR (rt-PCR) was applied from the specimen, for species diagnosis of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Fisher's exact test was used to assess associations with a significance level of 0.05%. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess diagnostic performance. A total of 52 patients with a median age of 18.00 years (minimum-maximum: 0.030-87 years) were included. PCR analysis was positive in 13.46% CSF samples (7/52). A new CSF PCT cut-off value equal to 0.106 ng/mL was determined, with a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100.0% [IC95%=59.0-100.0] and 40.0% [IC95%= 25.7-55.7]. The area under the curve (AUC) for CSF PCT obtained was equal to 0.597 [CI95%=0.439-0.754]. So, we can assume CSF PCT to be a fairly good tool for detecting bacterial meningitis in suspected meningitis. Further research is needed to better determine CSF PCT's diagnostic contribution in patients with tropical diseases.

La consommation de cannabis peut entraîner la survenue de troubles psychiatriques ou aggraver des troubles psychiatriques préexistants. L’objectif de cette étude était de dépister une consommation récente du cannabis chez les patients schizophréniques. Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale menée du 15 mai au 15 septembre 2021. Les patients schizophréniques du Centre Notre Dame de l’Espérance (CNDE) de BoboDioulasso ont été inclus. Le sérum obtenu à partir du sang total a été utilisé pour la détermination qualitative in vitro des cannabinoïdes. Le principe du test reposait sur l'interaction cinétique de microparticules en solution (KIMS). Au total, 91 patients schizophréniques ont constitué la population d’étude. Les hommes constituaient 62,63% des patients. L’âge médian des patients était de 39 ans [minimum – maximum: 14 – 73 ans]. Le dépistage des cannabinoïdes a été positif chez 18,68% (17/91) des patients. L’absorbance médiane des échantillons positifs était de 9 mabs avec des extrêmes de 0 mabs à 251 mabs. L’intégration d’un dépistage biologique systématique du cannabis permettrait sans doute une meilleure prise en charge des patients atteints de troubles mentaux. English title: Biological screening of recent cannabis use among schizophrenic patients at the Centre Notre Dame de l'Espérance in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Cannabis abuse may lead to the onset of psychiatric disorders or exacerbate pre-existing psychiatric disorders. The objective of this study was to screen for recent cannabis use in patients with schizophrenia. This was a cross-sectional study performed from 15 May to 15 September 2021. Schizophrenic patients at the Centre Notre Dame de l'Espérance (CNDE) in Bobo-Dioulasso were included. Serum obtained from whole blood was used for the in vitro qualitative determination of cannabinoids based on the kinetic interaction of microparticles in solution (KIMS). A total of 91 schizophrenic patients were included in the study population. Men constituted 62.63% of the patients. The Median age of the patients was 39 years [minimum – maximum: 14 – 73 years]. Cannabinoid screening was positive in 18.68% (17/91) patients. Median absorbance of positive samples was 9 mabs with extremes from 0 mabs to 251 mabs. Systematic biological screening for canabinoid would allow a better management of patients with mental disorders.

This study aimed to list the medicinal plants used as an appetite suppressant in Hauts-Bassins areas of Burkina Faso. An ethnobotanical survey was undertaken from September to November 2021 using a semi-structured questionnaire. To determine well-known families and species, some indices such as Family Importance Value (FIV) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) were calculated respectively. Sixty-seven traditional healers (41 men and 26 women) have been interviewed. The age group from 41 to 60 years old was more represented (47.76%). Fifty-eight (58) plant species belonging to 29 families and 53 genera were recorded to have appetite suppressant properties. Fabaceae family (25%) was the most mentioned followed by Combretaceae (12%). The most mentioned species were Guierasenegalensis (7.64%), Parkiabiglobosa (6.18%), Annona senegalensis and Gardenia erubescens (5.35% for both). Leaves and fruits had the highest frequencies of use with 41% and 25% respectively. The decoction (49.62%) was the main preparation method. The oral route was the only mode of drug administration. These results would contribute to strengthening the database on the medicinal plants used as an appetite suppressant by the traditional healers in Burkina Faso.