This short paper, draws on 40 years of research and advisory work, rather than a single, short-term, finite research project. It examines recent and current examples of urban housing policies, programmes and projects in a wide range of countries in both the Global North and South in its aim order to meet its aim to stimulate and contribute to the search for strategic approaches to the production, maintenance and management of urban low-income group housing; it examines the historical, geographic, cultural/political and economic contexts within which they are set, laying some emphasis on the prevailing existential threats to humanity caused by: (1) global heating, and (2) the pandemic pervasiveness of viral pathogen transmissions and their social, economic and legislative impact on physical settlement planning and management. Emphasis is given to distinguishing between ‘public housing’, for which all governing decisions are unilaterally made by relevant state agencies and institutions, and ‘social housing’, in which non-governmental beneficiary households and enterprises, communities and organisations are engaged in risk- and benefit-sharing partnership with responsible state agencies at all levels of the governance and management of affordable and accessible urban housing. The paper concludes by drawing attention to the urgency of need to build the capability of the extensive range of actors and stake-holders, worldwide and calling for the initiation and dissemination of successful policy approaches and their administration.

This book proposes operational approaches to public sector support to community-led development of urban low-income group social housing in the prevailing and medium-term. Within the context of mitigating and redressing the existential threats of climate change and global pathogenic transmission, building on current concerns of global heating and the lessons learnt from the 2020-22 COVID-19 pandemic, the book closely examines recent examples from a wide international range of countries and cities from the Sri Lanka experience to Arab States of the Middle East and the Andes. Topics include maintenance and management of public sector housing, poverty alleviation objectives, climate change mitigation, housing density, local land management and planning, land rights, affordable housing markets, and international governance and administration, ultimately pointing to the universal need for institutional, organisational and human skills development and the compilation and dissemination of operationally successful examples of participatory partnerships for affordable social housing. The book will be of interest to researchers, instructors, practitioners, and students of urban development, housing, environmental design, land-use planning, public administration and environmental health engineering.

ciency or ecological sustainability in the cities analysed in their case study. On the contrary, as these cities have experienced growth, there has been an accompanying rise in resource consumption which inevitably leads to depletion of natural resources and degradation of ecosystem services within their surrounding areas. This confirms previous assertions made in scholarly literature regarding the importance of avoiding the fallacy associated with physical and technological determinism (Sharifi, 2016). Cities are complex systems and reductionist approaches based on isolated physical and technological solutions have limited capacity to address societal challenges. Achieving increased density can generate numerous advantages for socio-economic and environmental sustainability (Batty, 2009). However, it is important to note that these benefits can only be realised if certain optimal thresholds are upheld. Moreover, it is crucial to consider density as a component of broader compact city initiatives which take into account various other critical factors such as connectivity, land use mix, job– housing proximity, housing affordability and public transportation accessibility. Only such integrated approaches can lead to sustainable and resilient urban forms (Sharifi, 2019). It is also crucial for policymakers and urban planners to embrace more inclusive approaches when devising large-scale smart city projects. This entails actively involving stakeholders from diverse backgrounds and integrating their viewpoints into the decision-making procedures. Overall, this book raises thoughtprovoking issues and provides a solid foundation for further discussions and analysis regarding the future of cities in the Anthropocene. It is a worthwhile read for anyone interested in cities and their future. ORCID iD

This paper briefly reviews recent and current approaches to the formulation and implementation of urban housing policies in towns and cities in the global South, with emphasis on local government-community participation and partnerships. It looks ahead into the implications of the lasting impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic and tenets of climate change that will constitute the ‘New Normal’.

Vivienda en el desarrollo urbano examina la gama de políticas estratégicas alternativas que han sido empleadas por las agencias de vivienda estatales para este fin. Estas van desde la entrada del sector público en el mercado de la vivienda urbana a través de la construcción directa de “vivienda pública” (“convencional”) que se arrienda o transfiere a beneficiarios de bajos ingresos a tasas inferiores a las del mercado, hasta la provisión de apoyo financiero (subsidios) e incentivos no financieros para productores y consumidores del sector privado de viviendas urbanas, y para la administración de programas (“no convencionales”) de apoyos sociales, técnicos y legislativos que permitan la producción, mantenimiento y gestión de viviendas socialmente aceptables a precios y costos que sean asequibles para familias y comunidades urbanas de bajos ingresos. Se concluye con una breve revisión de la dirección que las políticas de vivienda pública han tomado durante el comienzo del siglo xxi y una reflexión sobre “adónde ir ahora”, haciendo una distinción entre las estrategias de “vivienda pública” y “vivienda social” y cómo pueden ser combinadas en un paradigma de “asociación” para el siglo XXI.

Urban housing policies, in the opening decades of the 21st Century are in disarray. The objectives and targets set for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015–30 and the United Nations New Urban Agenda call for comprehensive urban housing policies, based on inclusion and participation. This paper argues for housing policies and implementation strategies that go beyond participation and are governed and managed by inclusive cost- and benefit-sharing partnerships of local government authorities and low-income group community members, NGOs and private sector stakeholders. Approaches to the formation and maintenance of democratic and equitable partnerships based on mutualism, interdependence, respect and trust are examined in the paper as a means to the efficient and effective production and management of affordable and sustainable housing and urban development; and as an end mechanism for the generation and strengthening of democratic, equitable urban communities, social change and poverty reduction and the alleviation of its impact.