Resumen es: La enfermedad de Kawasaki es una enfermedad febril aguda infantil. La morbimortalidad se relaciona con la existencia de aneurismas coronarios. Se p...

La enfermedad de Kawasaki es una enfermedad febril aguda de la infancia, descripta por Tomisaku Kawasaki en Japón en 1967. Es una vasculitis aguda de causa desconocida caracterizada por fiebre, rash cutáneo, conjuntivitis, inflamación de las mucosas, adenopatía cervical y descamación de manos y pies. Predomina en el sexo masculino y el 80% de los niños afectados son menores de 5 años. Los efectos de la enfermedad en el largo plazo dependen de la existencia de lesiones coronarias (aneurismas), que son la principal causa de morbimortalidad. Se denominan aneurismas gigantes a aquellos cuyo diámetro interno es superior a los 8 mm. El ecocardiograma es la herramienta diagnóstica fundamental para la evaluación y el seguimiento de las anormalidades coronarias. La exploración ecocardiográfica debe incluir una búsqueda sistematizada de ectasia y/o aneurismas coronarios con empleo de múltiples vistas y debe ser realizado por un experto debido a que es una técnica operador-dependiente. El pronóstico de los pacientes con aneurismas gigantes es sombrío porque en su evolución natural tienden a complicarse con trombosis coronaria o a resolverse con lesiones obstructivas severas, que causan isquemia miocárdica e incluso infarto agudo de miocardio en niños o adolescentes. Presentamos tres niños con aneurismas gigantes de las arterias coronarias como lesión secuelar de la enfermedad de Kawasaki, uno de los cuales requirió cirugía de revascularización miocárdica debido a lesión obstructiva severa.

Human practices and local governance effects on plant communities is a major question in socioecological sustainability. Pastoralists' practices are intricately linked to governance systems and to their social-ecological context. For example, spatial-temporal mobility arises as a means to cope with seasonal variability of forage mass. This mobility might deeply influence plant biodiversity in rangelands by changing the ratio of perennial and annual life-forms. This study focuses on the commonly governed high- altitude rangelands of Castril, Santiago and Pontones (CSP) in North-Eastern Andalusia (Spain). CSP are grounded on three pastoralist communities who have self-organized into three different governance systems, that of Castril, Santiago and Pontones, for the use of three contiguous rangelands through extensive and transhumant grazing. Pastoralists undertaking Short-Distance Transhumance (SDT) or Long-Distance Transhumance (LDT) arrive on the CSP summer rangelands in early May and June respectively. We aim to identify plant community types within CSP to unravel the effect of community-based governances found in these three commons and the impact of the different transhumance types (SDT vs. LDT) on the plant community structure and composition. For this, during spring 2022 and 2023, we carried out 72 vegetation transects (point-contact monitoring methodology) spread in Castril, Santiago and Pontones encompassing the transhumance modalities. Plant data were analyzed through a Non-metric MultiDimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index. NMDS results revealed variability within the plant community distinguishing between perennials and annuals which belong to different phytosociological classes. This variability was partially related to transhumance modalities with LDT areas showing high density of perennials, whereas SDT areas showing high density of annuals belonging to the Tuberarietea-guttatae phytosociological class. Our findings suggest that LDT areas may provide more forage mass than SDT areas during summer drought. (c) 2024 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

El objetivo del estudio es analizar, mediante investigación participativa, el conocimiento ecológico tradicional asociado al huerto familiar en tres localidades rurales del Estado de México. Diversos autores reconocen que los conocimientos de campesinos e indígenas contribuyen en la mitigación de la crisis socioambiental planetaria. Sin embargo, aun cuando este tipo de investigaciones ha aumentado, son escasas aquellas que resultan de la co-creación entre la población, el investigador y otros actores. El método incluyó recorridos sistemáticos, observación participante, cuestionarios, entrevistas y talleres participativos. Los resultados revelan el entramado de interacciones en el manejo del agroecosistema donde las personas entrelazan las condiciones del ambiente, el contexto socioeconómico y el influjo cultural; aspectos inmersos en cuatro estadios del conocimiento: origen, práctica, transformación y transmisión. Se concluye que la complejidad biocultural del conocimiento aplicado en el huerto familiar debe ser comprendida desde un enfoque participativo debido a la intrínseca relación sociedad-naturaleza-cultura.

Community-based natural resource governance is increasingly valued by the leading international organizations that promote environmental conservation and sustainable development. At the same time, the ecosystems of the northeastern Andalusian mountains are intrinsically related to the long-standing presence of pastoralism and its different communal forms that have favored a very particular biocultural diversity and sustainable socio-ecological systems locally. Through a transdisciplinary anthropological and ecological study, we aimed to compare how different types of communal governance and pastoral mobilities impact pasturelands in the region. We focused on three contiguous mountain pastoral commons, those of Castril, Santiago de la Espada, and Pontones, which exhibit different forms of communal organization and two main transhumant types of mobility: long-distance and short-distance transhumance. We conducted long-term ethnographic fieldwork with year-round participatory observations of social life, pastoral practices, and governance systems, and performed botanical and soil analyses. As a general result, we found that local pastoralism positively impacts the environment. There were differences between commons and mobility regimes, with a positive impact related mainly to closer forms of cooperation between herders and daily guiding of flocks, along with seasonal long-distance transhumance, especially when the latter is combined with stricter formal community rules. Within the current context highly determined by public subventions, particularly from the EU, primarily directed at pastureland management’s administrative and economic aspects, local governance increasingly favors these methods over the conservation of traditional, sustainable uses of pastures. This innovative research marks the first step towards a sounder intertwining of anthropological and ecological approaches towards a more holistic understanding of pastoral commons in general and in the Mediterranean region specifically.

Territories and areas that Indigenous peoples and local communities govern, manage, and conserve (hereafter territories of life) are increasingly recognized by scientists, international agencies, nongovernmental, and grassroot organizations, as central to the future of a healthy and sustainable planet. Hundreds of thousands of such social-ecological systems exist worldwide, covering millions of square kilometers of land and seascapes on all five continents, contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of a significant proportion of the world's biodiversity. Nevertheless, these systems are facing many threats and often have little-to-no formal recognition or support from nation-state governments. In order to address this growing need, this review provides the most complete, recent, and updated global overview of territories of life. The review advocates for a holistic approach of territories of life and identifies key opportunities for researchers to favor action-and policy-oriented research in support of such vital systems for global sustainability.

Rural commons in East-Africa have historically played key socio-economic and environmental sustainability. Despite growing interest in this arena, there are still surprisingly few studies that examine rural customary management of pastoral communities in East Africa. This is striking given that this region is an exemplary area for pastoralism and thus ideal for communal systems such as commons. Deficient studies and political support in this area could be linked to widespread prejudice of branding pastoralism as perilous to the environment. We set out to conduct a study to examine and test pastoralists’ customary norms that underpin environmental sustainability/unsustainabity of pastoral commons focusing on Mwanda-Marungu, in Taita hills, Kenya where the first author originates and brought up as a pastoralist up to the age of 24. Through ethnographic approaches and semi-open interviews to 193 respondents conducted in 2019–2021 during water and pasture stress during the dry months of July–October, we examined whether customary governance of Mwanda-Marungu would offer sustainable model that conforms to the IUCN’s Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (OECMs). Our study showed that pastoral communities in this area have been developing inventive measures for generations that improve good management and ecological protection. These may be tied to the principles of OECMs which contests the misconception about pastoralism.

Este artículo trata acerca de la reflexión de los campos del conocimiento del Diseño en torno al arte, ciencia, diseño e ingeniería, basados en el texto de los cuatro sombreros de Rich Gold.

El macizo Sinjajevina-Durmitor en el norte de Montenegro es uno de los pastos de montaña más grandes de Europa, con una biodiversidad única, que ha coevolucionado con el pastoralismo local a lo largo de milenios. En 2019, solo dos años después de su incorporación a la OTAN, Montenegro inauguró un polígono de entrenamiento militar en el seno de Sinjajevina, junto a tropas de Estados Unidos, Italia, Austria, Eslovenia y Macedonia del Norte, sin estudio público de impacto ambiental, socioeconómico ni sanitario, en contra del deseo de las poblaciones afectadas y de una mayoría de la opinión pública del país y de las más de veinte mil firmas que en 2020 lograron paralizar el proyecto de militarización hasta el día de hoy. De hecho, el país balcánico se encuentra también en proceso de adhesión a la Unión Europea y ensalza su filiación al nuevo Pacto Verde Europeo que contraviene en gran medida lo que está realizando en Sinjajevina. De esta manera, la Unión Europea y el presente proceso de adhesión parecen por el momento las mejores garantías del actual freno al proyecto militar, mientras el caso de Sinjajevina deviene un perfecto ejemplo de la fuerza que pueden tomar las comunidades locales afectadas al conectarse a nivel nacional e internacional.

Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve (ABR) in Morocco was established in 1998. Today the reserve covers 2.5 million hectares and more than 3 million people and, as such, it has been a complex social-ecological system to govern. Authors draw on postnormal conservation science and environmental governance studies to investigate environmental governance processes within the ABR and shed light on their outcomes and challenges to date. First, authors analyse how Moroccan institutions are managing this vast territory. Second, we look at perceptions of an extended peer community of decision-makers. This research adds an empirical case study to the North African region and addresses two main weaknesses of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves worldwide: 1) effective governance and 2) shortcomings in their implementation. Through an ethnographic approach, we are able to point out how low strategic priority and a weak political will regarding the ABR may be hindering inclusive environmental governance. The authors suggest some key aspects for improving the existing governance system; various baseline needs and barriers that may be addressed in advance; a set of drivers, and several proposals for inclusive governance in the ABR. This study should prompt academia, policy- and decision-makers to identify and enhance synergies that allow for a shared vision of their territory.

Entre 2017 y 2019, el proyecto EXPLORA (Patrimonialización socio-ecológica en comunales de España y Marruecos), constituido por un equipo interdisciplinar liderado por investigadores de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona en colaboración estrecha con la Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC de Granada, llevó a cabo una investigación sobre la organización comunal de los pastos de montaña de Castril (Granada), Santiago y Pontones (Jaén). Los resultados de este trabajo forman parte ahora de una exposición temporal en el Museo Virtual de Ecología Humana. Inaugurada en marzo de este año, estará disponible en la red hasta de manera permanente y perenne, e incluye tanto fotografías como material audiovisual. Su título es Territorios de vida en el filo. Comunales pastoriles de las montañas del Mediterráneo en el siglo XXI.