BACKGROUND:Suicide pacts are always tragic though they remain under-identified and under-reported. History and fiction are full of them, though they would only represent less than one percent of all suicides in Occident. A suicide pact is an agreement made between two or more people to commit suicide together and requires a reciprocal consent but also intent, volition and capability. Victims, motivations and operating methods are multiple, and continue to diversify even more with Internet and social media. How can we identify people at risk? SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Between November 2023 and May 2024, a literature search based on electronic bibliographic databases as well as other sources of information (grey literature) was conducted in order to investigate the most recent data on suicide pacts and especially how they evolved with Internet and social media. RESULTS:Different categories of suicide pacts can be made, but the typical template for a prospective suicide pact describes as two withdrawn individuals, in a tight and close relationship, who feel ensnared in a desperate and unmitigable situation. CONCLUSIONS:Prevention can done at various levels, but screening individuals who fit the profile for risk would certainly be a start. To identify a suicide pact, forensics, criminology and sociology need to be considered.

Dans l’exercice de la chirurgie, de nombreux facteurs de stress sont imprévisibles, tels que la charge de travail quotidienne et les complications postopératoires. Ceci peut expliquer que le syndrome d’épuisement professionnel (« burnout ») chez les chirurgiens a une prévalence élévée, comprise entre 34 à 53 %, et a été l‘objet de nombreuses études. Toutefois, si les évaluations sont nombreuses, les solutions qui ont été préconisées sont rares, d’autant plus que par nature et par apprentissage, les chirurgiens sont peu enclins à s’y intéresser, considérant que le « burnout » ne concerne que « les autres ». L’objectif de cette mise au point est d’identifier dans la littérature les stratégies proposées pour éviter le « burnout » des chirurgiens, ainsi que son impact sur leur entourage professionnel et privé et sur la sécurité du patient, en développant particulièrement les stratégies de prévention et les facteurs de stress modifiables.

Human relationships and bonding reconfigure and reinvent themselves over time. For several decades, it has been interesting to note that both the digital dimension and the development of artificial intelligence have played a great evolutionary role in our relational society. There is an accessibility and intensification of social exchanges between internet users (published writings, photos, conversations, conferences… ). Although we access this interplanetary sharing of connection, despite everything the distancing and physical emotional social deprivation between several individuals belonging to a different household can bring significantly high suffering. Moreover, with the Covid-19 crisis, there has also been that fragility of our own personal doubt that will settle psychically in us: the uncertainty will be more intimate, more present and more distressing. If there is exposure to a potentially threatening stimulus as is the case with COVID-19, the exploration of positive or negative resources of survival and that of creativity (psychological capital) will emerge during this first increasedmajor confinement in order to bring non-negligible and bearable psychic responses to possible traumas and episodes of acute stress. However, the goal of this article is to propose a possible understanding of a resilience, thought and mobilized from a systemic approach: The relationship between the individual and his different systems of social, relational and existential belonging.

La question du « normal » et du « pathologique » – bien que souvent abordée par le passé – reste assez omniprésente et, par certains aspects, non résolue, au travers de la diversité de nos consultations et de nos activités d’expertise. En témoignent les mises à jour récursives du DSM et autres CIM/ICD. En témoigne également notre propension naturelle à identifier ce qui pose problème (le « pathologique ») davantage que ce qui n’en pose pas. Comment faire la différence à tout moment ? Quelles sont les marges endéans lesquelles pouvons-nous nous positionner ? (Abraham, 1964). Le présent article a pour but de fournir une réponse claire, simple et pragmatique nous permettant de nous positionner sans perte de temps à cet égard.

BACKGROUND:Shopping is a reality for all of us; it can also be a pleasure or a source of problem, depending on the psychology behind it and our decision making. Furthermore, our spending patterns were seriously shaken and impacted by the COVID pandemic; restrictions, safety measures and lockdown generated changes in the way we buy. So, what has changed and why?SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Between January 2023 and May 2023, a literature search based on electronic bibliographic databases as well as other sources of information (grey literature) was conducted in order to investigate the most recent data on shopping habits and especially how they were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.RESULTS:Various shopping behaviors observed post COVID, such as the urge to splurge, emotional spending, revenge buying and problematic shopping behavior, can be read and explained via psychology. Customers's socio-demographic characteristics play considerable roles in new buying patterns, but some general changes show that online shopping and contactless payment have certainly increased, consumers are more aware of their spending habits, looking for value first and not remaining loyal to brand, homebody economy has risen and money is rather spent on domestic tourism instead of foreign holidays.CONCLUSIONS:A lot of buying habits have changed during COVID-19 and many of these modifications will remain in a post pandemic world. If many consumers gained some insight in their spending behaviors and are looking for durability and sustainability as preferred choices, luxury products will always attract clients. Shopping being emotionally driven, money should rather been spent on experiences (rather than things) and on others (rather than ourselves) in order to make happy.

The question of what is "normal" and what is "pathological" - although often addressed in the past - remains quite ubiquitous and in some respects, unresolved, because of the diversity of our consultations and our activities as practitioners as well as in the various existing diagnostic manuals. This is evidenced by the recursive updates of the DSM and other ICDs. This is also reflected in our natural propensity to identify that which is problematic (the "pathological") more than we do with that which is not. How can we distinguish the difference between the two at any given time? What are the margins within which we can position ourselves? The purpose of this article is to provide a clear, simple and pragmatic answer that will allow us to take a stance in this regard as quickly as possible. (c) 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

In surgical practice, numerous sources of stress (stressors) are unpredictable, two examples being daily workload and postoperative complications. They may help to explain surgeon burnout, of which the prevalence (34 to 53%) has been the subject of many studies. That said, even though assessments are legion, recommended solutions have been few and far between, especially insofar as by nature and training, surgeons are disinclined to interest themselves in burnout, which they are prone to consider as something experienced by "others". The objective of this attempt at clarification is to identify in the literature the strategies put forward in view of avoiding surgeon burnout, and to assess the impact of this phenomenon not only on the surgeon's professional and personal entourage, but also on patient safety. Prevention-based strategies, many of them focused on modifiable stressors, will be detailed.

More than six or seven million Ukrainians have been subjected to bombing and violence on their territory since February 2022, forcing them to leave their homes. This invasion has created Europe's biggest recent humanitarian crisis, claiming more victims’ day by day and causing widespread displacement in and out of the country. Europe has been on the warpath ever since, trying to avoid any escalation in the ongoing conflict and avoid the use of nuclear weapons. So what about the mental health of all these displaced people? What is the impact of such a large-scale situation on the movement of refugees in Europe? What psychological impact can it have on Ukrainian refugees (stress factor, mental illness)? What psychological impact can there be on the long-term hosts of the refugees? At present, we are not aware of any French or English articles already published on the medico-socio-psychological aspects linked to the problems of displacement of Ukrainian families and the reactions of the hosts over the long term. In this article, we will try to address the medico-socio-psychological issue of careers and the psychological impact of deported Ukrainian refugees.

Purpose of the study: To assess the stress factors affecting operating theater nurses during the perioperative period. Patients and methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey by means of a specifically drawn-up questionnaire based on the data available in the literature. Stress was measured on a 0/100 visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Six hundred and twelve (612) persons responded. Stress associated with an operation amounted to 31.8; it was higher at the time of the procedure (49.6) and immediately beforehand (39.4), particularly among the least experienced nurses. The most widely represented stress factors were associated with the surgical team (perceived incompetence, lack of confidence), relational problems with regard to the surgeon, and team members' disruptive behavior. By contrast, familiarity with the team or the procedure seemed to shield the nurses from stress. Feelings of stress had a relatively frequent impact on quality of life (33%), family and personal life (26%), with chronic (recurrent or constant) stress symptoms reported among 20% of respondents. Conclusion: Among operating theater nurses, stress associated with an operation was particularly strong among the least experienced professionals, when the type of procedure or the other team members were unfamiliar, and in the event of disruptive behavior. Stress factor improvement should be a priority, the objective being to enhance professional and personal quality of life, while better ensuring patient safety. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

More than a third of the world's population is currently living under lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic. Lockdown measures have been in place in many countries for several weeks. The health authorities are waging war against COVID-19 and have to provide information to the public on it while facing many unknowns about the virus. What impact does this have on mental health? What impact can lockdown have upon a population? What psychological impact will this lockdown have on elderly people living in nursing and care homes in Belgium and EHPADs France? We are not aware of any French-language research which has been published on the psychological aspects of the coronavirus among the population. We will try, through this article, to approach the psychological impact upon nursing staff and residents within nursing homes.

Understanding the toxic relationships in which victims of a "toxic" parent are trapped, finding tools that will allow these grown-up children to get out of the grip they have been in, often since birth.The aim of this article is to better understand and identify this concept of parental toxicity, not only by the very functioning of the "toxic" parent and the consequences for the child, but also on the potential for social and cultural development and relationships.In other words, how to become a support of effective resilience in the face of toxic relationship dynamics ?Moreover, the notion of "perverse narcissistic manipulator" is a concept with a low falsifiability for which this article requires in order to distinguish other underlying pathologies.Through research and in-depth bibliographical study of many recognized international works, the main conclusions demonstrate the importance of understanding not only the specificity of the cognitive and behavioral patterns of both the "toxic" parent and those of the adult child, and the possibility of resilience development.

The interest of this article aims at a possible reading on how to approach the subject of sexuality and eating disorders without necessarily talking about the body.We have tried to bring an analysis on the relation between eating disorders and sexual functioning.Indeed, we observe that the various eating disorders present an altered and/or pathological physiological, emotional and behavioral sexual functioning.How is sexuality experienced by people with these conditions?Although each individual's journey is unique and the experiences associated with eating disorders are also different, certain sexual and relational difficulties are often omnipresent.Understanding the role of eating disorders on sexual functioning and intimate relationships is essential to the development of effective therapeutic interventions for eating disorders.

But de l’étudeÉvaluer les facteurs de stress en période périopératoire chez les infirmier(es) instrumentistes.Patients et méthodesL’étude a été réalisée de façon transversale, au moyen d’un questionnaire spécifique construit à partir des données disponibles dans la littérature. Le stress était évalué par Échelle Visuelle Analogique/100.RésultatsAu total, 612 personnes ont répondu. Le stress lié à une intervention chirurgicale était évalué à 31,8 ; il était plus important au moment de la procédure (49,6) et immédiatement avant (39,4), particulièrement chez les infirmier(es) les moins expérimenté(e)s. Les facteurs de stress les plus représentés étaient liés à l’équipe chirurgicale (incompétence perçue, manque de confiance), ainsi qu’aux problèmes relationnels avec le chirurgien ou à des comportements perturbateurs de membres de l’équipe. Au contraire, la connaissance de l’équipe ou de l’intervention protégeaient du stress. Le stress ressenti avait un impact au moins fréquemment sur la qualité de vie (33 %), la vie familiale et privée (26 %), avec des symptômes chroniques rapportés au stress chez 20 % des répondants de façon fréquente ou permanente.ConclusionChez les infirmier(es) instrumentistes, le stress lié à l’intervention chirurgicale est particulièrement ressenti par les professionnels les moins expérimentés, lorsque le type d’intervention ou les autres membres de l’équipe ne sont pas connus ou en cas de comportements perturbateurs. L’amélioration des facteurs de stress devrait être une priorité afin d’améliorer la qualité de vie professionnelle et privée et dans la perspective d’améliorer la sécurité des patients.

More than a third of humanity is currently under containment due to the coronavirus pandemic. Containment has been in place in many countries for several weeks. Health authorities are on the warpath against a still mysterious virus and for which they are brought to inform the population while being confronted with many unknowns concerning the Covid-19. So what about mental health? What can generate a situation of containment with the population in quarantine? What psychological impact will this confinement have on our elderly people who are accommodated in rest and care homes in Belgium or in Ehpad in France? Currently, we are not yet aware of French-language articles already published in the medical-psychological aspects related to the coronavirus among the population. We will try, through this article, to approach the medico-psychological question of the nursing staff within the nursing homes and the psychological impact of the residents.

Though many studies have been made - sometimes even blaming - to optimize the communication between doctor-patient-caregiver in oncology, very little work is focused on the intra-familial aspects of the communication [1-5]. Clinical experience shows us how much communication between cancer patients and their loved ones can also be impacted by cancer: We will refer to this phenomenon as “Communicative Cancer”. In fact, as soon as the communication of the diagnosis is made, perverse effects can quickly occur due to at least two mechanisms: the defense mechanisms of the patient and his entourage and the significant deterioration of communication between the patient and his loved ones [6,7].

At a time when vaccines are spreading, there are still pockets of resistance, mainly of a social, psychological and behavioral nature, but also of an economic and health nature in developing countries. We focus here on the social, psychological and behavioral aspects of this resistance. The struggle against Covid-19 is becoming less and less immunological and more and more intrapsychic and social. It is therefore these parameters that need to be targeted. To this end, media campaigns to promote health, but above all to reduce resistance, are therefore quite essential and take precedence over hygiene measures, which citizens are completely saturated with.

Starting in December 2019 in Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has crossed the borders forming a pandemic in 2020. The absence of pharmacological interventions has pushed governments to apply different sets of old, non-pharmacological interventions, which are, though temporary, helpful to prevent further pandemic propagation. In the context of COVID-19, research confirms that quarantine is useful, mainly if applied early and if combined with other public health measures. However, the efficacy of quarantine and isolation is limited in many ways, ranging from legal issues and suspension of economic activities to mental health considerations. This chapter is an exploration of (i) epidemiological impact of isolation and quarantine; (ii) emotional impact of isolation and quarantine; and (iii) the possible effect of culture on quarantine experience.

Coronary disease has long been associated with different behavioral patterns (Pattern A, D) and denial mechanisms. Denial can take various forms that put the coronary patient at risk during the whole course of his illness [1,2]. Objective This case shows to what extent denial mechanisms can interfere in the relationship between some coronary patients and their caregivers. Case Presentation Roger, - now deceased - would have been 95 this year and had two heart attacks. His first infarction was anteroseptal, while his second was an inferior infarct. He suffers from coronary disease and has a history of unstable angina. He had a double coronary bypass (saphenous vein graft on left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery.). Heart wise, when we met him, he was currently symptom-free but presented a dyspnea of grade II to III. He denied any ongoing chest pain even during moderate effort. We assessed Roger in the context of his heart surgery. We met him in Intensive Care Unit both before and after the intervention. During the postoperative phase, he described his second heart attack. He really enjoyed telling us the story of his second infarction, which occurred while he was already on antianginal medication (i.e. Cedocard®). It all started while he was angling during the weekend. Roger had been fishing for several hours but had not caught anything. He was upset and about to leave (Pattern A typical impatience) [1-3] when all of a sudden, he felt his line snapping tight for a split second: a line bite! The trout was, allegedly, huge, and his fishing rod was too light to land the fish in one go. Being a strategic angler, Roger decided to wear the fish down and to slowly bring it back to shore so that he could scoop it with his landing net. While doing so, he felt the first angina pain occurring and persisting. He tried to reach for his tablets in his pocket but could not manage as his hand was already benumbed. He explained: « At that stage, I told myself: Roger, it’s you or the trout! » Well, he went for the trout! He landed the fish first (after a one-hour struggle) and only then agreed to go to hospital in emergency (if this term remains appropriate in such a context).