The spread of online misinformation is a significant issue, prompting the use of crowdsourced fact-checking. While its impact on audience engagement with fact-checked content is well-studied, effects on audience engagement with fact-checked authors remain underexplored. Using Twitter's Community Notes program as our research context and applying counterfactual estimation, we examine how crowdsourced fact-checking influences audience engagement with fact-checked authors. Our findings reveal that community notes received by fact-checked authors can increase audience engagement with these authors in the short term, but they decrease audience engagement in the long term. This study enhances our understanding of how crowdsourced fact-checking influences audience response.

This paper explores the dynamic interplay between artificial intelligence (AI) and human creativity within digital content platforms, focusing on how AI influences creator incentives and consumer welfare through content quality. We develop a model to analyze how AI affects content creators' incentives and consumer welfare, focusing on AI's substitutive and complementary relationships with human skills and examining the effects of AI watermarking and detection policies. Our findings show that: first, AI benefits low-skill creators when human-input costs are low but may drive high-skill creators out of the market when costs are high, reducing content quality. Second, AI watermarking, which marks AI-generated content, helps high-skill creators stay if human-input costs are moderate, improving content quality. If AI complementarity is high and watermark removal rates are low, watermarking is more effective. On the demand side, watermarking enhances content quality and subscription satisfaction. Third, an AI detection service shows similar results. High-skill creators prefer watermarking when removal rates are high and detection when rates are low. Both policies improve content quality and consumer satisfaction, with specific benefits depending on the watermark removal rate.

: “When people share their prosocial behavior on social media, they always face the braggart’s dilemma. By sharing their good deeds, they run the risk of being considered braggarts and thus less likable; by staying silent, they receive no credit for what they do. This study proposes a framing strategy to alleviate this concern. By acknowledging a third party involved in the prosocial activity (e.g., organizer or sponsor), one will be perceived as more likable through reducing the suspicion of self-promoting and perceived to have put in more effort. An empirical study based on Twitter data was conducted to confirm our prediction. An experimental study follows to verify the mechanism. The findings provide implications for various stakeholders that take part in prosocial activities.” Abstract: “Understanding factors associated with the performance of the sell-side analyst is of great value in both theory and practice. We profile the crucial influence of professional connections among security analysts on generating earnings forecast in this study based on a dataset of analysts’ employment history obtained from the Securities Association of China and analysts’ history forecasts obtained from CSMAR. By estimating a multivariate linear regression model, we find that professional connections within analyst teams are positively associated with earnings forecast accuracy. The Fisher's Permutation test further used to confirm the relationship between professional connections and analyst forecast quality is stronger when firms covered facing adversity. Our results still We Abstract: “Online open collaboration systems like Wikipedia are complex adaptive systems within which large numbers of individual agents and artifacts interact and co-evolve over time. A key issue in these systems is the quality of the co-created artifacts and the processes through which high-quality artifacts are produced. In this paper, we took a dynamic approach to uncover common patterns in the temporal evolution of 6,057 Wikipedia articles in the domains of roads, films, and battles. Using Dynamic Time Warping, an advanced time-series clustering method, we identified three distinctive growth patterns, namely, stalled, plateaued, and sustained. Multinomial logistic regressions to predict these different clusters suggest that the path that an article follows is determined by both its inherent attributes, such as topic importance, and the contribution and coordination of editors who collaborated on the article. Our results also suggest that different factors matter at different stages of an article’s life cycle.” Abstract: “With the rise of misinformation epidemic, this study aims to empirically investigate the consequences of an online commenting platform’s activity-capping policy on abusers’ and regular users’ activities. Utilizing a quasi-experimental setting, we find that restrictive policies not only curtail the activity of the abusers but also promote the activity of regular users. Results show that the policy has an asymmetric effect on abusers and regular users— while it effectively reduces the

Our research critically investigates the impact of social media astroturfing on movie sales, the circumstances under which it appears to have an effect, and the negative implications associated with this practice. Leveraging a distinct dataset from the Chinese movie industry, we utilized panel vector autoregression to dissect the dynamics between social media astroturfing, box office revenues, and the performance of media across digital and traditional platforms. We further applied a dynamic matching approach to address the identification issue. Our findings suggest that while social media astroturfing might temporarily boost box office revenues, its effectiveness is limited to the short term, and it harbors negative consequences for consumers. By systematically examining the effects of social media astroturfing, our study enriches both academic literature and practical understanding, cautioning against the reliance on such deceptive marketing tactics.

The terms theory and theoretical contributions evoke mixed reactions in the information systems discipline, especially among empirical researchers in the economics of information systems (Econ-IS) area. Although some see such contributions as the raison d’etre for academic scholars engaged in research, others feel that the discipline has developed a fetish for theory, with reviewers and editors often demanding an unreasonable level of theoretical contributions for empirical manuscripts to succeed in the review process. Moreover, there exists a great deal of diversity in the conception of what constitutes a reasonable theoretical contribution, especially within empirical work, across editors and reviewers, leading to frustration with the review process and disappointment with editorial decisions. Given the different types of theoretical contributions that may be suitable for a given manuscript and recognizing the changing nature of empirical work within Econ-IS, we attempt to shed some light on theoretical contributions within empirical Econ-IS research, paying attention to their nature, types, and impact. Specifically, we start by reflecting on the typical theory-related comments we have seen in review packets that we generalize to a set of critiques often related to empirical papers. Subsequently, we provide a working definition of a theoretical contribution and the components that make up such a contribution. We then propose a taxonomy of theoretical contributions typically observed in Information Systems Research (ISR). Based on this taxonomy of contributions, the typical critiques observed in empirical Econ-IS papers, and a set of published papers, we provide some broad guidelines for how authors may craft an effective theoretical contribution for submission to ISR. We also discuss a pathway for manuscripts that do not (seek to) offer significant theoretical contributions. Such manuscripts are welcome, but we believe that a very high bar of practical impact must be met for them to succeed in the review process. Based on the guidelines and suggestions made here, our hope is that authors and evaluators will participate in the review process with a shared understanding of the elusive notion of theoretical contributions.

Achilles tendon rupture is a common and primary cause of lower limb tendon injury suffered during sports-related activities. The causes of Achilles tendon rupture include the calf muscle and tendon overuse, poor tendon quality, and various medical conditions. Historically, acute Achilles tendon rupture was treated conservatively. However, historical techniques are now associated with an increased risk of rerupture. To address this problem, open repair has been proposed. Open repair is associated with a reduced risk of rerupture; however, it is also closely associated with wound complications, like wound infection, whose treatment is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair has been proposed as a promising option with acceptable functional outcomes. Nevertheless, despite its benefits, minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair is associated with increased risks of sural nerve injury and rerupture. In this review, we evaluate the currently used treatment strategies for acute Achilles tendon rupture and their historical evolution to provide evidence-based recommendations for physicians.

Background:The arthroscopic Broström technique with or without Gould modification has been used to treat patients with anterior talofibular ligament injury who failed nonoperative management and progressed to chronic lateral ankle instability. However, some patients develop limited range of motion over the ankle joint postoperatively. Purpose/Hypothesis:To compare the clinical outcomes and midterm functional performance of knot-tying techniques between using a knot pusher and a semiconstrained freehand tie during arthroscopic Broström-Gould procedure with inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) augmentation. It was hypothesized that the semiconstrained freehand tie would provide better plantarflexion of the ankle joint compared with the knot pusher. Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods:Included were 135 consecutive patients with mild-to-moderate lateral ankle instability (mean age, 42.7 years; range, 16-78 years) who underwent an arthroscopic Broström-Gould procedure from March 1, 2016, to April 30, 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the tying technique used in the Gould modification: surgical tie using a knot pusher (KP group; n = 30) or a semiconstrained freehand tie (FT group; n = 105). Radiographic parameters and ultrasound dynamic testing were examined during the preoperative assessment. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative assessments comprised American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale, visual analog scale for pain, and 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12) scores. Results:The 2 groups had no differences in age, sex, or severity distribution in the preoperative assessment. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale, visual analog scale pain, and SF-12 scores were significantly better at the postoperative evaluation (all P < .05) in both groups. No significant difference was noted between groups in outcome scores. In the KP group, however, 7 out of 30 patients (23.3%) developed ankle stiffness with tightness when performing plantarflexion movement. No patients in the FT group reported similar symptoms. Conclusion:For mild-to-moderate chronic lateral ankle instability, we propose an arthroscopic Broström procedure with the addition of IER augmentation using a semiconstrained freehand tie to avoid overtightening the IER. This ensures favorable patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes without limitation of plantarflexion of the ankle joint and avoids the possible complication of stiffness with plantarflexion.

Many organizations are exploring methods to incorporate visual content analyses within their social media and brand tracking decision-making. However, current machine vision services and tools are typically constrained to performing only object recognition and provide limited practical insights to brand managers. For more advanced managerial decision-making, it is necessary to understand the social context and user intentions behind visual content. In this research, we design a framework grounded in Observational Learning Theory to propose a computational system that can infer the social context of social media images by utilizing user comments as crowd-generated labels. The system is then operationalized and tested through a state-of-the-art multimodal learning approach. We contextualize the experiment within the shoe apparel industry to evaluate the proposed framework and demonstrate its usage in different circumstances of real practice. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research that seeks to understand an image’s social relevance by not only looking within the image itself, but by also incorporating data beyond the image. This study features both theoretical and managerial implications that benefit business intelligence designs and social media analytics. Results demonstrate the possibility of extracting crowd intelligence from user comments to augment machine learning classifiers’ performance in detecting the social context of images. The model enables practitioners to detect image threads with specific intentions. Organizations can collect product feedback and brand perceptions concerning themselves and their competitors from large volumes of data, and across vast lengths of time.

[目的]研究牛至全日照间歇喷雾法扦插育苗的生根及成活情况.[方法]采用牛至不同插穗类型、不同基质配比进行扦插育苗,通过对生根及成活情况统计分析,研究不同因素对牛至全日照间歇喷雾法扦插育苗的影响.[结果]从生长点开始向下第一至第四节作插穗,插穗的发根率高,发根数量多,尤其第一节(生长点)的发根率、发根数量、根干重均表现最优.第一至第四节发根成活率分别为100%、100%、95.00%、92.50%,第五节及以下部位的插穗发根率及发根数量直线下降;对于不同基质,在砂:珍珠岩:营养土比例为1∶1∶1基质配比中第一至第四节发根成活率均为100%.[结论]在采用全日照间歇喷雾法进行牛至扦插育苗时,应选用的扦插基质砂:珍珠岩:营养土的比例为1∶1∶1;插穗选择从生长点开始向下第一至第四节发根成活率高,其中以第一节(生长点)的发根率、发根数量及成活率最优.

High-resolution ultrasound shear wave elastography has been used to determine the mechanical properties of hand tendons. However, because of fiber orientation, tendons have anisotropic properties; this results in differences in shear wave velocity (SWV) between ultrasound scanning cross sections. Rotating transducers can be used to achieve full-angle scanning. However, this technique is inconvenient to implement in clinical settings. Therefore, in this study, high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) dual-direction shear wave imaging (DDSWI) based on two external vibrators was used to create both transverse and longitudinal shear waves in the human flexor carpi radialis tendon. SWV maps from two directions were obtained using 40-MHz ultrafast imaging at the same scanning cross section. The anisotropic map was calculated pixel by pixel, and 3-D information was obtained using mechanical scanning. A standard phantom experiment was then conducted to verify the performance of the proposed HFUS DDSWI technique. Human studies were also conducted where volunteers assumed three hand postures: relaxed (Rel), full fist (FF), and tabletop (TT). The experimental results indicated that both the transverse and longitudinal SWVs increased due to tendon flexion. The transverse SWV surpassed the longitudinal SWV in all cases. The average anisotropic ratios for the Rel, FF, and TT hand postures were 1.78, 2.01, and 2.21, respectively. Both the transverse and the longitudinal SWVs were higher at the central region of the tendon than at the surrounding region. In conclusion, the proposed HFUS DDSWI technique is a high-resolution imaging technique capable of characterizing the anisotropic properties of tendons in clinical applications.

We study the effects of machine-generated content (MGC), a novel source of information generated by algorithms, on alleviating the cold start problem commonly observed in online platforms. The cold start problem, associated with the lack of prior interactions between users and new providers or products, e.g., lack of product reviews, imposes a significant barrier for the new providers or products to enter the market and compete with established ones. Leveraging Kaggle's implementation of MGC–algorithmically generated exploratory data analysis (EDA) for the shared datasets on the Kaggle platform– and a series of econometric analyses, we demonstrate that i) MGC adoption significantly boosts the focal dataset's early adoption in terms of adoption volume and speed in the initial stage, ii) MGC adoption substitutes product information effects on increasing the product early adoption, and iii) MGC adoption substitutes providers' reputation signals effects on increasing the product early adoption. Accordingly, our findings show four important attributes of MGC in addressing the cold start problem: i) new providers who have not established reputations are more likely to adopt MGC; ii) MGC serves as both pipes (explicit product information) and prisms (implicit reputation signals) between providers and users; iii) MGC complements the user-generated content (UGC) in alleviating information asymmetry, with MGC being particularly effective early on during the product lifecycle; and iv) MGC serves as an algorithmic solution for platform equity, leveling the playing ground for new providers who lack initial reputation. Our study contributes to the emerging literature on machine-generated content and human-algorithm interaction.

Disasters usually pose a big threat to work continuity and job stability, thus having important consequences for workers’ labor market outcomes (i.e., unemployment, work absence, and lay off). Furthermore, according to the prior literature on disaster management, disaster-induced labor market disruptions tend to affect female workers more because they are more prone to constraints (such as the availability of childcare services and domestic services) and work-family conflict, suggesting increased gender inequality during disasters. In such a case, telework has emerged as a silver lining by providing workers with higher flexibility in work scheduling and helping them alleviate work-family conflict. This paper investigates whether and to what extent telework can reduce the gender inequality induced by disasters, taking the COVID-19 disaster as an example. Results show that: 1) The COVID-19 disaster leads to a larger increase in unemployment, work absence, and layoff for female workers than their male counterparts. 2) Telework can not only effectively mitigate the negative effect of the COVID-19 disaster on the labor market, but also help to reduce the gender inequality in labor market outcomes via two means: i) the higher telework rate among female workers (i.e., endowment effect) and ii) the stronger marginal effect of telework on female workers (i.e., coefficient effect). Taken together, the endowment effect of telework reduces gender inequality by 25.48% and the coefficient effect of telework reduces gender inequality by 31.94%. 3) The mitigating effect of telework is stronger in geographic areas with better digital infrastructure. Our findings are robust to other measures of constraints or alternative telework measures, which suggests that the generalizability of our results to future disasters or disruptions when physical presence in the workplace could be a challenge for workers. Our study contributes to the emerging literature on how information technologies can be leveraged to mitigate the disaster-induced gender inequality in the labor market.

Abstract Background The plantar plate is an important static stabilizer of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints, and disruptions of the plantar plate can lead to significant instability and lesser toe deformities. In recent years, direct plantar plate repair has been proposed. Although direct repair via a dorsal approach is attractive, a torn plantar plate is small and difficult to access using regular instruments in a restricted operative field. Methods In this report, a unique method for plantar plate repairs was used to repair various configurations of plantar plate tears with standard operative instruments that are available in most operating rooms. Results Using this method, 10 patients underwent plantar plate repairs, and the mean follow-up period was 24 (range, 14–38) months. The mean visual analog scale score for pain preoperatively was 4.1 (range, 0–6) and decreased to 0.6 (range, 0–3) at last follow-up. Postoperatively, the mean visual analog scale score for satisfaction was 9.6 (range, 8–10) and the mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society forefoot score was 88.8 (range, 75–100). Conclusions Our study proposes an inexpensive and versatile method for plantar plate repair via a dorsal approach that uses standard operative instruments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04949685. July 2, 2021 - Retrospectively registered, Level of clinical evidence 4

Background: Roughly 30% of patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) have long-lasting painful instability requiring surgical intervention. Ligament reconstruction with the traditional open method and using tendon allografts can provide sufficient mechanical stability for severe CLAI. Arthroscopic ligament reconstruction with tendon allograft has recently been introduced to treat CLAI. Purpose: In this study, we describe an arthroscopic ligament reconstruction procedure involving the use of the tendon allograft for patients with CLAI, and we compare the efficacy of this procedure with open ligament reconstruction with tendon allograft. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We enrolled 10 patients (4 men and 6 women) with CLAI (mean age, 37.3 years; range, 16-57 years) who underwent arthroscopic ligament reconstruction with tendon allografting between November 2017 and June 2019. The control group consisted of 10 patients who received open tendon allograft reconstruction. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative functional outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale (AOFAS), Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS), pain visual analog scale (VAS), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Tegner activity score (TAS). Results: The mean operative time was 118 and 110 minutes in the arthroscopic and open groups, respectively. At 2-year follow-up, scores on the AOFAS improved significantly compared with preoperatively, from 71.3 to 96.4 (P = .006) in the arthroscopic group, and from 68.6 to 96.7 (P = .005) in the open group. The postoperative AOFAS, VAS, KAFS, and SF-12 scores did not differ significantly between the 2 groups; however, the TAS score was significantly higher in the arthroscopic reconstruction group compared with in the open group (7 vs 6.1, respectively; P = .01). Conclusion: Arthroscopic ligament reconstruction with tendon allografting resulted in sufficient ankle stability and no donor-site morbidity. This procedure can yield similar functional outcomes to open reconstruction technique and may be an option for the management of CLAI.

This paper provides a novel theoretical angle and robust empirical evidence demonstrating that the auction duration and the item description length are two essential auction design parameters that can function as screening mechanisms for bidder quality on online service outsourcing platforms. These outsourcing platforms use buyer-determined reverse auctions to find service providers. Using data from a major online outsourcing platform, we examine the effects of the auction duration and the item description length on both bidder entry (i.e., the number of bids and bidder quality) and contract outcomes (i.e., whether a project is contracted and the buyer’s expected utility from the winning bid) based upon the project- and bidder-level analyses. We find that auctions with longer durations and item descriptions attract more bids, but they also attract disproportionately more low-quality bidders, creating a double whammy of higher evaluation costs and adverse selection for buyers. This, in turn, leads to less successful contracting as well as lower buyer utility. Our research highlights the screening role of the auction duration and item description length for buyers on online service outsourcing platforms: by shortening auction durations and item descriptions, buyers can expect higher quality bidders, increase contracting probability, and enhance utility.