Considering complex application requirements of peak operation in power grids, a novel method of peak operation and inter-provincial coordinated electric power distribution was proposed for huge cascade hydropower plants among multiple power grids. Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba cascade hydropower plants were selected for research case. With perspective of coordination on plants and power grids, an optimal operation model was established with minimizing grid residual mean square error as objective. Considering complementary features among grids, stochastic search algorithm was applied to optimize power output distribution plan of the hydropower stations, while considering peaking capacity of hydropower stations and power limits of UHV transmission lines. Simulation results show that generation plan obtained with the proposed method can balance responses to grid demands, and the proposed method presents strong practicability.

电网调峰需求日益迫切,如何利用高效清洁的水电能源调节电网峰谷差异成为缓解电网调峰压力的关键问题之一.本文以电网剩余负荷均方差最小为目标建立梯级水电站短期调峰模型,并提出一种逐步粒子群优化混合算法,外层利用逐步优化算法压缩解空间降维,内层采用粒子群算法随机连续搜索;同时提出动态约束廊道方法处理模型复杂约束,自适应更新可行域范围.将所提方法运用于华中电网直调沅水梯级电站短期调峰优化运行中,实例计算表明,所提建模思路调峰效果明显,电网余荷均方差降幅达93.6％,经削峰后的负荷曲线趋于平稳,可为梯级电站短期调峰提供求解思路.

Sometimes single hydropower plant needs to supply multiple regional power grids. However, because of huge discrepancy in load level and load characteristics, it's very difficult to make a daily generation scheduling to satisfy not only the constraints of hydro power station but also the proportion of supplying power. From perspective of generation side and demand side, a heuristic short-term peak regulation method is established. Its objective is to minimize and smooth the residual load of power grids. This method amends output of the station gradually using the maximum and minimum residual load of power grids as heuristic information to meet the demands of constraints and smoothness of residual load. Applying the proposed method to short-term scheduling of Ertan hydropower station, the application results show that this method can not only make full use of peak operation ability, but also give consideration to the load characteristics of power grids, providing an effective approach for short-term peak regulation problem in the case of single station supplying multi grids.

为满足水电站优化运行及高效管理的迫切需求,以水电站厂内经济运行原理为基础,提出了基于B/S模式的水电站厂内经济运行系统解决方案,详细论述了厂内经济运行系统的软件架构及系统实现的关键技术,根据水电站实际业务需求设计了系统的功能结构,并将其运用到宝珠寺水电站.实际运行情况表明,该系统稳定可靠、界面友好、交互性强,能够有效提高水电站运行管理水平,具有良好的工程应用价值.

当来水预报不准确或流域上游及区间来水变化时,水电站实际入流可产生的出力与电网基于确定性来水制定的计划负荷不匹配,若电站仍按原计划负荷运行,易导致水位约束破坏或大量弃水.针对这一问题,本文构思了一种实时负荷调整方法,在来水增大时,以减少弃水为原则增加水电出力,通过降低火电出力以充分吸纳水电;在来水减少时,结合梯级水电站蓄能效应对站间负荷合理分配,并在水电发电能力不足时及时调整火电以满足电网下达计划要求.以华中电网辖下沅水流域三板溪、白市、托口和五强溪四级直调水电站为对象进行实时调度仿真模拟,实例计算表明,所提方法能有效降低水情变化对梯级水电站未来时段调度产生的不利影响,制定出的梯级水电站出力调整计划满足水电站运行要求和电网安全稳定运行约束,其建模思路能为类似工程提供参考.

针对流域梯级水电站长期优化调度模型存在高维、非凸、非线性等特点,提出一种改进的变尺度混沌蜂群算法(VCBA),通过引入混沌方程和余弦收缩策略,使其具有更强的全局收敛能力和更快的收敛速度.以丰枯分时电价下金沙江下游梯级水电站群长期优化调度作为工程背景进行实例研究,并将计算结果与基本蜂群算法(BA)和粒子群算法(PSO)进行比较.结果表明,VCBA求解梯级水电站长期优化调度问题收敛速度快且优化结果精度较高,满足实际优化运行需求,具有很高的工程应用价值.

An improved quantum evolution algorithm is presented, which has better global optimization ability and faster convergence speed, because traditional methods have some problems, such as "disaster of dimension" problem, poor convergence performance and so on. The proposed method takes the improved QEA for the outer unit combination and the DP for inner economic load dispatch, the economic operation is solved by the two sub-problems alternating iterative optimization. Meanwhile, the minimum up/down time repair strategy and system reserve capacity repair technique are also used to deal with multiple complex constraints, which effectively improve the convergence speed on the premise of ensuring calculation precision. The proposed method is applied in solving unit commitment problem in Xiluodu Station. Compared with DP and IBPSO methods, the results show that this method is easier and faster, and has better global optimization ability with a strong practical engineering value.

目的 检测女性膀胱过度活动症(OAB)患者膀胱尿路上皮中瞬时电位香草酸受体亚型1(TRPV1)的表达,以期探讨TRPV1在女性OAB患者中的临床意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学SABC法,分别检测21例女性OAB患者膀胱尿路上皮和9例正常女性膀胱尿路上皮中TRPV1的表达,以平均光密度表示其相对含量,并结合临床尿流动力学资料进行分析.结果 TRPV1在女性OAB患者膀胱尿路上皮中的表达明显高于正常膀胱尿路上皮,其平均光密度值分别为0.4834±0.1252与0.3658±0.1009,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);将女性OAB患者的临床尿流动力学参数值分别与正常女性参考值进行比较,相关参数差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 女性OAB患者膀胱尿路上皮中TRPV1高度表达与OAB的发生发展密切相关,提示膀胱敏感性增高在女性OAB的发病机制中具有重要作用.

Objective:To study the expression of HAS2 in renal carcinoma and discuss the potential clinical significance.Method:qPCR was applied to detect the expression of HAS1 mRNA,HAS2 mRNA and HAS3 mRNA in five ccRCC cell lines(ACHN,Caki-1,OS-RC-2,786-O,SN12PM6) and human renal proximal tubular cell line(HK-2 cells).Additionally,Western blot was taken to examine the expression of the increased HAS protein in above renal cancer cells and ccRCC tissues.Result:HAS2 mRNA expression was obviously higher in the five ccRCC cell lines than that in the HK-2 cells,especially in the SN12PM6 cells(P<0.05).HAS1 mRNA expression reduced distinctly in the five ccRCC cell lines compared with the HK-2 cells(P>0.05).The expression of HAS3 mRNA was also lower in the renal cancer cell lines than that in the HK-2 cells except Caki-1 cells(P>0.05).The expression of HAS2 protein significantly increased in the five ccRCC cell lines.In addition,the expression of HAS2 protein was significant higher in the ccRCC tissue than those in the normal tissue(P<0.05).Conclusion:Hyaluronan synthase 2 was detected to highly express in the five ccRCC cell lines and ccRCC tissue,which shows that hyaluronan synthase 2 may play a crucial role in the develepment of renal carcinoma especially in ccRCC and may serve as a potential molecular marker for clear renal cell carcinoma.

通过对当前一些主流网格模拟器的对比和分类,为网格系统研究人员和网格模拟器设计者提供借鉴和帮助.