This research aims to inform practice and research conversations about survivor preferences related to the U.S. criminal legal system response by centering the voices and perspectives of women whose male partners were arrested and convicted of domestic violence for harming them and then received court-ordered consequences. The first author interviewed 26 diverse women whose abusive partners had been court mandated to attend battering intervention. Utilizing feminist standpoint and intersectionality theories, the authors analyzed the 26 redacted de-identified interview transcripts. The authors then engaged in a multi-stage open thematic coding process. Analysis of the women’s systems interactions revealed that they found many aspects of the legal systems’ response inadequate and often uncoordinated. Women also shared that they felt validated by timely systems responses that foregrounded their needs and facilitated their informed autonomous decision making and safety. The authors theorize that these accounts reflect a desire for more effective and coordinated responses across systems, as they provide important insights on what promotes survivor agency and safety. There is support among female domestic violence survivors for the use of the criminal legal system in promoting their agency and safety. However, the women in this project did not experience their community’s coordinated response as adequately meeting their needs. This suggests the appropriate coordinated community response mechanisms were not in place. The findings have broad implications for practice and research that highlight the necessity of centering survivors’ perspectives when seeking to improve legal and extra-legal systems responses to domestic violence.

This article describes the use of interactive theater, audience response assessment, and peer educators to create community-generated approaches for bystander interventions (i.e., actions taken by people who become aware of controlling, abusive and violent behavior of others) to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) and to foster change in community norms. We include a case example of an ongoing university-community partnership, which mobilizes community members to develop and implement socioculturally relevant IPV prevention programs in multiple Asian communities. We used interactive theater at a community event--a walk to raise awareness about IPV in South Asian communities--and examined how the enacted bystander interventions reflect specific community contexts. We detail the challenges and limitations we have encountered in our attempts to implement this approach in collaboration with our community partners.

Importance Most unwanted sexual contact victimization (USCV) research utilizes predominantly white, cisgender, heterosexual college student samples. Estimates of USCV prevalence and demographic variation can determine the need for dedicated funding and culturally relevant campus services for students in high-risk groups. Objective To estimate the national prevalence and demographic variation in self-reported USCV within the first three months of college. Design Data are from the Sexual Assault Prevention for Undergrads (SAPU) (2020–2021) dataset. SAPU is an online intervention program administered to students on more than 600 college campuses in the United States ( N = 250,359). Group differences were assessed by race/ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual identity, and then stratified by gender to assess within-gender group differences. Setting The SAPU dataset includes public and private institutions and 2-year and 4-year colleges with varying sizes of enrollment. Participants The sample is demographically diverse, and consists of newly matriculated U.S. college students, most of whom complete the SAPU program within the first three months of enrollment. Main outcomes and measures The primary outcome measure is self-reported USCV within the first three months of college enrollment, analyzed for subgroup differences. We hypothesized that USCV would be higher among students from racial/ethnic, gender, and sexual minority populations. Results Nearly 8% of transgender men reported USCV, followed by 7.4% of transgender women, 7.4% of genderqueer/gender non-conforming students, 4.5% of women, and 1.5% of men. Several subgroups reported exceedingly high rates of USCV, including Black students who identified as transgender women (35.7%) and American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander students who identified as trans men (55.6%) or genderqueer/gender non-conforming (41.7%). Conclusions and relevance Universal and targeted (selective and indicated) intervention programs are needed to lessen USCV, particularly among gender minority students who also identify as Black, Indigenous, other person of color, or as a sexual minority.

Videogames, including smartphone app games, can be effective teachers. Meta-analytic reviews find that prosocial media can increase empathy and prosocial behavior. We developed a prosocial smartphone app game, Random App of Kindness (RAKi), using theoretically informed empathy-building practices, in the hopes of increasing empathy and prosocial behavior, and decreasing aggressive behaviors. RAKi includes nine mini-games that take only seconds to play (e.g., recognizing emotions, caring for a crying baby, petting a sad dog). We randomly assigned 106 preteens and teens aged 10-17 (and their parents) to play RAKi or a control app for 2 months. We assessed baseline and postintervention scores on empathy, prosocial behavior, and aggression-related outcomes in the laboratory. Participants who played RAKi (compared to a control app) felt more compassion for someone in need, behaved in empathic ways while interacting with a stranger, were less likely to endorse physical aggression, and behaved less aggressively toward a peer (if they started with lower trait empathy). However, RAKi did not significantly influence participants' trait empathy levels. Media can be used for good or ill. RAKi appears to accomplish a number of positive outcomes after only 2 months of gameplay.

Purpose: Sexual and relationship violence has devasting effects on the health and well-being of college students. This study assessed the prevalence of dating abuse victimization and harassment among sexual and gender minority (SGM) college students within the first 3 months of college enrollment and identified potential demographic differences in exposure.Methods: Data are from the 2020 to 2021 Sexual Assault Prevention for Undergraduates digital sexual assault prevention program (N = 250,359). Descriptive statistics were used to determine 3-month prevalence of dating abuse victimization and harassment among gender identity and sexual orientation subgroups and to examine within-group differences based on race and ethnicity.Results: Dating abuse victimization during college was reported by 6.5% of transgender women, 5.0% of transgender men, 5.0% of genderqueer/nonconforming students, 2.0% of "women," and 1.0% of "men." Harassment during college was reported by 13.7% of genderqueer/nonconforming students, 11.2% of transgender women, 8.9% of transgender men, 8.7% of "women," and 1.6% of "men." Students who identified with more than one sexual orientation identity reported the highest rates of dating abuse (3.9%) and harassment (14.9%) during college. SGM students with particular racial/ethnic identities (i.e., Indigenous, multiracial) reported disproportionately higher rates, particularly American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander students who identified as transgender men (42.9%), transgender women (41.7%), genderqueer/nonconforming students (26.1%), queer/pansexual/questioning students (20%), and students with multiple sexual orientation identities (36.4%).Conclusion: Targeted intervention strategies and resources are needed on college campuses to support the needs and experiences of SGM students, including students who identify as Indigenous, multiracial, and other persons of color.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and increased economic insecurity in food, phone/internet services, health care, and housing. We also assessed sociodemographic differences associated with increased economic insecurity among women and transgender/nonbinary adults since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: An online, cross-sectional survey was administered to a general population sample of women and transgender individuals in one Midwestern state (N = 1,169). Results: IPV victimization during stay-at-home orders was associated with approximately three times higher odds of housing insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.06, p < .001) and increased health care insecurity (AOR = 2.95, p < .001) than those without victimization during stay-at-home orders, even after adjusting for IPV immediately prior to the pandemic. Multiracial, pregnant, and sexual minority (defined as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, or other sexual orientation [LGBQ+]) women and transgender/nonbinary individuals were at elevated risk for specific forms of increased insecurity. Conclusions: Findings highlight the need for continued COVID-19 legislation that enhances housing and rental support for populations most in need of safe and stable housing, particularly survivors of IPV. Reduced access to health care limits IPV opportunities for intervention and treatment. Expanding accessible and affordable health care options during the COVID-19 pandemic can enhance the safety and well-being of survivors and increase opportunities for providers to screen for IPV.

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the early release of thousands of incarcerated individuals, including those with histories of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Survivor advocates stress the importance of adequate supports for decarcerated individuals during re-entry, and notification and supports for their partners or ex-partners if there is a history of IPV. This survey assessed IPV survivors' expectations of and experiences with decarceration in the state of Michigan. Findings highlight that out of 42 survivors with recently decarcerated (ex-)partners, 64.3% reported helpful behavior on the part of their released partner. By contrast, out of 72 survivors with still-incarcerated (ex-)partners, the same percentage - 64.3% - expected harmful behavior from their partner if released. Decarceration efforts may distinguish between individuals who are likely to harm versus help (ex-)partners upon release. Nonetheless, survivors reported several unmet needs, indicating the need for better re-integration services for decarcerated individuals and their families.

Mothers are concerned about their firstborn children’s acceptance of a baby sibling. Observing children’s reactions to mothers interacting with an infant doll simulator has been offered as one means of seeing how children will react to the baby sibling. A longitudinal pilot study with 30 pregnant mothers and their firstborn children was conducted comparing children’s behaviors to mother-doll interaction in the laboratory before birth with behaviors during home observations of mother-sibling interaction 1 month after birth. Children responded to mother-doll and mother-sibling interaction differently, with no significant associations across children’s behaviors in mother-doll and mother-sibling interactions. The use of an infant doll simulator before birth did not reliably predict children’s behavioral adjustment after the birth of a baby sibling.

PURPOSE We undertook a study to determine the prevalence and associations of technology-facilitated abuse (TFA)—insults, harassment, coercion, or threats carried out using digital tools such as smartphones and computers—among a US nationally representative sample of young men. METHODS Analyses were based on 1,079 men aged 18 to 35 years who completed questionnaires during August and September of 2014 and reported ever having been in a romantic relationship. We used validated measures to assess demographics, health service use, mental health and substance use, and TFA delivered to and received from partners in the past year. We calculated survey-weighted descriptive statistics and conducted multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Overall, 4.1% of men reported delivering TFA only, 8.0% receiving TFA only, and 25.6% both delivering and receiving TFA. Men were more likely to report only delivering TFA if they identified as Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.72; 95% CI, 1.13 to 6.57), used marijuana (AOR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.68), and used prescription opioids for nonmedical reasons (AOR 2.86; 95% CI, 1.48 to 5.54). Men were more likely to report only receiving TFA if they identified as Hispanic (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI, 1.01 to 6.43) and used prescription opioids for nonmedical reasons (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.34 to 4.39), whereas a primary care connection appeared protective (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.86). Men were more likely to report both delivering and receiving TFA if they identified as non-Hispanic Black (AOR = 2.83; 95% CI, 1.44 to 5.58), owned a smartphone (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.09), had ever had mental health care visits (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.98), misused alcohol (AOR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.17), and used prescription opioids for nonmedical reasons (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.08). CONCLUSIONS We found that TFA was prevalent among young men, with 1 in 25 reporting delivery only, 1 in 12 reporting receipt only, and 1 in 4 reporting both. Primary care physicians can consider assessing TFA among male patients and developing interventions to mitigate this behavior. VISUAL ABSTRACT

Utilizing data from a longitudinal online survey of couples expecting their first child, this study sought to examine the trajectory of paternal-fetal attachment across the three trimesters of pregnancy. Expectant fathers (N=124) who completed at least the first two assessments were included in the analysis. Attachment was assessed using the Paternal Antenatal Attachment Scale, and paternal response to the ultrasound was measured with a four-item scale developed for this study. Longitudinal multilevel regression was used to model change in paternal-fetal attachment across assessments. Paternal-fetal attachment increased among all fathers, including those who showed less response to ultrasound and those who reported the pregnancy as mistimed or undesired. However desired pregnancy and stronger paternal response to ultrasound were associated with a larger increase in paternal-fetal attachment. The findings of the study have implications for the support of paternal-fetal attachment in health care and other settings.

Digital media have become a significant context for adolescent dating relationships. As the use of social media and mobile phones increases, so do concerns that these media might be a context for “digital dating abuse” (DDA), or the use of digital media to harass, pressure, threaten, coerce, or monitor a dating partner. Although DDA has been shown to be common in adolescent dating relationships, little is known about the predictors of DDA perpetration or the role of stereotypical gender and dating beliefs in shaping these behaviors. This survey study of 703 high school students with dating experience investigated the role of gender beliefs in DDA perpetration using structural equation modeling. The survey included items pertaining to participants’ digital media use, stereotypical gender and dating beliefs, and three types of DDA perpetration. Girls reported more frequent perpetration of some types of DDA, and boys expressed greater endorsement of stereotypical gender and dating beliefs. The data supported our hypothesized models, such that endorsement of stereotypical beliefs was associated with different types of DDA perpetration for girls and boys. Higher endorsement of stereotypical beliefs was related to perpetration of digital monitoring and control behaviors for girls, and to directly aggressive and hostile digital behaviors for boys. These patterns align with stereotypical gender roles. Associations with sexually coercive digital behaviors for both girls and boys are discussed. This study suggests that beyond the gender of the perpetrator, societal beliefs about gender and dating may shape the problematic use of digital media in dating relationships.

OBJECTIVE: 1) To describe young men's knowledge of infant routines, discipline, development, safety, sleep, and nutrition, using items assessing the American Academy of Pediatrics Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. 2) To report differences in knowledge between fathers and non-fathers. 3) To examine factors associated with men's greater knowledge. METHODS: Participants were men (N = 1303) aged 18 to 35 years responding to a cross-sectional survey that was administered to a national panel established through probability sampling of the civilian, non-institutionalized US population. Survey weights allow reporting of nationally representative analyses. RESULTS: Participants (mean age = 27; 58% white, 36% fathers) correctly answered 52% of the infant knowledge questions. Fathers and non-fathers answered 64% and 46% of the items correctly, respectively. The difference in knowledge between fathers and non-fathers was statistically significant (B = 0.16, P<.001). The subscale with the highest number of correct responses was routines (80% accuracy), followed by discipline (59% accuracy), safety (52% accuracy), sleep (51% accuracy), development (50% accuracy), and nutrition (40% accuracy). Multivariate analyses showed that depressive symptoms (B = -0.07, P < .05) were associated with lower infant knowledge, while higher education (B = 0.06, P < .05) and current employment (B = 0.06, P < .01) were associated with higher infant knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Significant gaps exist in men's knowledge of infant development. Pediatric health care providers can address gaps in parenting knowledge by providing anticipatory guidance to fathers.

PURPOSE Few clinical guidelines focus on how physicians can identify intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration or victimization among male patients, and little is known of men's experiences and beliefs regarding screening in health care settings. Our objective was to determine prevalence of men's experiences with IPV screening in health care settings and associations with men's beliefs regarding health care clinician identification of IPV. METHODS Using a cross-sectional online survey of a nationally representative sample of 916 men aged 18-35 years, we conducted survey-weighted descriptive analyses to determine IPV prevalence, screening experiences and beliefs, and multivariate logistic regression to examine associations of demographics, IPV perpetration, and IPV victimization with men's screening experiences and beliefs. RESULTS Of 916 men surveyed, 19% reported perpetration and 27% reported victimization in relationship with current or previous spouse/partner, 90% believed health care clinicians should ask about perpetration, 92% believed health care clinicians should ask about victimization, but only 11% had been asked about perpetration and 13% about victimization. Beliefs regarding IPV were associated with African American non-Hispanic race, IPV perpetration, and IPV victimization. Experiences being asked about IPV were associated with educational attainment and IPV perpetration. CONCLUSIONS Among young US men, 9 in 10 support IPV identification by health care clinicians, nearly 1 in 5 report using IPV, but only about 1 in 10 report health care clinicians asking about IPV. These represent missed opportunities for health care IPV identification. Beliefs and experiences regarding health care IPV identification vary by race, education, and men's IPV perpetration and victimization. These disparities can inform tailored health care identification approaches.

BACKGROUND:Drug use is associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among men, but few studies have examined the relation between prescription opioid misuse and IPV perpetration. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between prescription opioid misuse and IPV perpetration while controlling for demographic, depression, alcohol, and illicit drug use risk factors among a non-clinical, nationally representative sample of young men aged 18-35. Methods: Cross-sectional survey in August 2014 of 1,053 partnered men aged 18-35 in a nationally representative sample of the adult U.S. population. The survey assessed physical IPV perpetration, depressive symptoms, alcohol misuse, marijuana use, illegal drug use, prescription opioid misuse, and demographic characteristics. We calculated descriptive statistics and conducted weighted bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to assess associations of IPV perpetration with prescription opioid misuse and other known IPV risk factors. Results: Weighted analyses show 19.4% of men reported IPV perpetration in the current or most recent relationship, and 7.3% reported prescription opioid misuse in the past year. After controlling for marijuana use, illegal drug use, depressive symptoms, and demographic characteristics, prescription opioid misuse in the past year (A.O.R. = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.33-2.84) was associated with increased odds of young men's physical IPV perpetration in the current or most recent relationship. Conclusions/importance: Prescription opioid misuse is associated with IPV perpetration at a population-level among young men and is not unique to clinical samples. Prevention and intervention strategies should be developed to simultaneously target prescription opioid misuse and IPV perpetration.

Statement of Purpose Determine prevalence and associations of technology-delivered intimate partner violence (IPV) among a nationally-representative sample of young men, using IPV groups of perpetration only, both perpetration and victimization, and victimization only. Methods/Approach 1,052 men age 18–35 years in nationally-representative sample completed surveys in September 2014. Validated measures examined demographics, health service use, mental health and substance use, and technology-delivered IPV (insulted partner, sent threatening messages, asked partner where they were at, checked partner's phone without permission, accessed partner's account without permission) perpetration and victimization. We conducted survey-weighted descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. Results Among men (mean age 26.5, 42.4% non-White), prevalence of technology-delivered IPV perpetration only was 4.1%, both perpetration and victimization was 25.6%, and victimization only was 8.0%. Technology-delivered IPV perpetration only was associated with prescription pain medication non-medical use (AOR 2.67, 95% CI 1.40–5.09); both perpetration and victimization was correlated with mental healthcare visits (AOR 1.89, 95% C.I. 1.18–3.05), alcohol misuse (AOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.17), and illicit drug use (AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.00–2.19); and victimization only was associated with regular doctor for care (AOR 0.45, 95% C.I. 0.22–0.91), marijuana use (AOR 0.79, 95% C.I. 0.63–1.00), and prescription pain medication non-medical use (AOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.10–4.36). Conclusions In the U.S. among young men, technology-delivered IPV was reported by 1 in 25 for perpetration only, 1 in 4 for both perpetration and victimization, and 1 in 12 for victimization only. Health service use, alcohol and substance use, and prescription opiate misuse correlates were similar for both perpetration and victimization, and victimization only, groups. Significance and Contributions to Injury and Violence Prevention Science Healthcare providers in primary care and mental health can consider clinical assessment of young men for technology-delivered IPV perpetration, victimization, or both, along with associated mental health and substance use.

Digital dating abuse (DDA) is a pattern of behaviors using mobile phones and social media to harass, pressure, coerce, and threaten a dating partner. Little is known about teen girls' and boys' motivations to perpetrate digital dating abuse. This study drew from survey research with 703 high school students and used multiple methods to explore DDA motivations. Quantitative analyses found that frequent motivations for DDA behaviors included it was a joke, I was upset, I was angry, and we were in a fight. Few gender differences were found. Qualitative data pattern analysis provided additional context to DDA motivation responses. Patterns of DDA motivations differed depending on the type of DDA behavior. When participants reported multiple motivations for a behavior, there was some common clustering of motivations across participants. It was a joke was indeed a common motivation for some DDA behaviors, but participants often reported multiple motivations, which made these responses more difficult to interpret. Sexual DDA behaviors were particularly gendered. These results have important implications for our understanding of DDA perpetration among teens and future DDA assessment and measurement.

The current study investigated connections between implicit motives of power and affiliation, adult attachment styles, and parenting behaviors using self-report and observational data from 191 mothers, fathers, and their 12-month-old infants. An interaction between avoidant attachment and nAffiliation indicated that implicit affiliation motives predicted positive maternal behaviors, but only for highly avoidant mothers. For fathers, lower attachment anxiety and nPower were associated with positive parenting behaviors, whereas high levels of attachment anxiety and nPower were associated with negative parenting behaviors. Attachment styles of avoidance and anxiety, as well as implicit motives of power and affiliation, were unique predictors of parenting behaviors. Overall, the findings suggest that parenting behaviors in the first year of infancy are predicted by parents' working models of attachment and implicit motives of affiliation and power.