The sneaker industry is one of the industries that is likely to be influenced significantly by the emergence of the metaverse. This study explores the potential business opportunities of the metaverse for the sneaker industry. The outcomes are based on seven open interviews with experts on the topic, which have helped identify and explore numerous novel business opportunities. The opportunities have been categorised into: Sales of virtual sneakers, Enhanced feedback, Improved product development, Brand interaction, Engaging advertisements, Increased personalisation, and Immersive shopping experience. This paper expanded the current knowledge about the potential for business growth that the metaverse holds for the sneaker industry, with comprehensive analysis of the business opportunities.

The technological concept of the metaverse has the potential to change our society to an extent that can be compared with past inventions such as the internet. The risks and challenges it might bring for its users when participating are often neglected. Past experiences regarding social media or online gaming showed how such technologies can have negative effects on the psychological and physiological well-being of their users and that malicious individuals might abuse them. A user segment that is especially vulnerable in this context is the group of children and adolescents-youth. This study contains a detailed content analysis of two different metaverse applications regarding what types of child-inappropriate content or behavior exist there and reveals a number of serious concerns when children enter such digital virtual spaces. This paper addresses the types risks the use of the metaverse can pose for children and adolescents by creating a knowledge base derived from the current state of literature and interviews with experts. Additionally, it contributes to research by developing a classification scheme that helps to identify and categorize child-inappropriate content or behavior that occurs in metaverse spaces.

The development of the metaverse presents novel ethical challenges to society. There is a lack of knowledge of the potential metaverse and its effects on society. In this paper, several ethical challenges of the future metaverse are discussed to responsibly prepare for the metaverse. A systematic literature review was conducted that showed the void of literature, meta-information of the state of the field, and level of maturity of the research. After defining the metaverse concept and reviewing its constructs, we present an overview of ethical challenges for the metaverse which ask for governance awareness and responsible action in the future. These ethical challenges have been clustered in the following pairs: Privacy & Freedom, Duplicate & False identities, Abuse & Manipulation, Trade & Ownership, Censorship & Surveillance, Democracy & Participation, and Regulation & Control. Related to these pairs we also show some potential governance topics as a research agenda for the metaverse.

The forecasting field has been using the surge in big data and advanced computational capabilities. This article discusses the methodological issues of Google Trends (GT) data reliability and forecasting validity for youth unemployment forecasts. We demonstrate the problems with static GT forecasting procedures and show a 44% increase in forecasting accuracy by applying time-varying model respecification forecasting.

Despite the existence of various methods and abstraction techniques to reduce the privacy risk of process models generated by process mining algorithms, it is unclear how process mining stakeholders perceive privacy violations.In this pilot-study various process model visualisations were shown to 6 stakeholders of a travel expense claim process.While changing the abstraction levels of these visualisations, the stakeholders were asked whether they perceived a violation of their privacy.The results show that there are differences in how individual stakeholders perceive privacy violations of process models generated via process mining algorithms.Results differ per type of visualization, type of privacy risk reducing methods, changes of abstraction level and stakeholder role.To reduce the privacy risk, the interviewees suggested to include an authorization table in the process mining tool, communicate the goal of the analysis with all stakeholders, and validate the analysis with a privacy officer.It is suggested that future research focuses on discussing and validating process visualisations and privacy risk reducing methods and techniques with various process mining stakeholders in organisations.This is expected to reduce perceived violations and prevents developing techniques that are aimed at reducing privacy risk but are not considered as such by stakeholders.

This study aims at identifying the differences and similarities between existing process mining methodologies and process mining practitioner experiences. Four existing process mining methodologies are critically reviewed and compared with process mining project elements derived from process mining practitioner experiences and available literature on process mining challenges and enablers. In total 27 interviews with process mining experts of consultancy firms and professionals at local governments have been conducted. Results show that overall existing process mining methodologies lack focus on stakeholder involvement, quantifying and selecting improvement actions, communicating quick wins and results. Also considering organizational commitment and data availability as prerequisites for process mining projects, process selection, vendor- and tool selection, acting on low familiarity with process mining is lacking in various methodologies. Finally, creating a dashboard with flexibility to include self-selected KPIs and metrics, and applying process mining on a continuous basis is considered important by interviewees while is lacking in methodologies. In future research on process mining methodologies it is recommended to take these elements into account. This is expected to give process mining practitioners guidance and support in applying process mining in organizations and stimulate the adoption of process mining in organizations.

This study aims at identifying the differences and similarities between existing process mining methodologies and process mining practitioner experiences. Four existing process mining methodologies are critically reviewed and compared with process mining project elements derived from process mining practitioner experiences and available literature on process mining challenges and enablers. In total 27 interviews with process mining experts of consultancy firms and professionals at local governments have been conducted. Results show that overall existing process mining methodologies lack focus on stakeholder involvement, quantifying and selecting improvement actions, communicating quick wins and results. Also considering organizational commitment and data availability as prerequisites for process mining projects, process selection, vendor- and tool selection, acting on low familiarity with process mining is lacking in various methodologies. Finally, creating a dashboard with flexibility to include self-selected KPIs and metrics, and applying process mining on a continuous basis is considered important by interviewees while is lacking in methodologies. In future research on process mining methodologies it is recommended to take these elements into account. This is expected to give process mining practitioners guidance and support in applying process mining in organizations and stimulate the adoption of process mining in organizations.

There is an increasing interest in indoor occupation and guidance information for business and societal purposes Scientific literature has paid attention to various ways of detecting occupation using different sensors as data source including various algorithms for estimating occupation rates from this data Gaining meaningful insights from the data still faces challenges because the potential benefits are not well understood This study presents a proof-of-concept of an indoor occupation information system, following the design science methodology We review various types of sensor data that are typically available or easy-to-install in buildings such as offices, classrooms and meeting rooms This study contributes to current research by incorporating business requirements taken from expert interviews and tackling one of the main barriers for business by designing an affordable system on a common existing infrastructure We believe that occupation information systems call for further research, in particular also in the context of social distancing because of covid19 © Proceedings of the 13th IADIS International Conference ICT, Society and Human Beings 2020, ICT 2020 and Proceedings of the 6th IADIS International Conference Connected Smart Cities 2020, CSC 2020 and Proceedings of the 17th IADIS International Conference Web Based Communities and Social Media 2020, WBC 2020 - Part of the 14th Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, MCCSIS 2020 All rights reserved

Facebook marketing is becoming an increasingly important tool for companies to influence consumer decision-making. However, there is currently little empirical knowledge about the extent of influence of Facebook marketing on the decision-making process of consumers. This study contributes to these gaps in the literature and investigates the influence of Facebook marketing activities on the decision-making process of consumers. The theory revealed four Facebook marketing activities that affected the first two phases of the decision-making process. These Facebook marketing activities were advertisements, recommend/share, likes and reviews. Whether they actually had an impact has been tested with the help of survey among 112 respondents. The results of the regression analysis showed that all four Facebook marketing activities had a positive influence on the decision-making process.

It is a major challenge for many organisations to create content on social media which leads to customer engagement. The purpose of this research is to develop a framework that contains a strategy for creating content which leads to customer engagement. For developing a framework, a Design Science Research Methodology is applied. Based on the literature and expert-interviews, five elements have emerged that are essential: the goal, target audience, listening, content creation, and evaluation. The element listening, is crucial when creating content. Listening helps to discover the customer's interests, so that an organisation can respond to this. The sub-elements of listening are: listening to influencers, listening to what is said about your brand and competitor, discovering channel preferences, discovering customer motives, and discovering customer interests. Listening allows organisations to determine several content characteristics that influences customer engagement. A case study is used in order to validate the use of the framework. The case study shows that this framework is a useful guide to determine the content for achieving customer engagement. The case study also shows that in practice little attention is paid to listening in relation to content creation.

Due to rapid urbanization, city populations are rapidly increasing all over the world creating new problems and challenges. Solving some of these problems requires innovative approaches; one increasingly popular approach is to transform cities to Smart Cities. Smart Cities implement innovative approaches based on IoT technologies and convert many services to digital services. These services are implemented within the different components of a Smart City, helping city administrators to improve the life of the citizens, addressing different service, security and administrative challenges. The objective of this paper is to explore and determine how three well-known cities - Nice, Palo Alto and Stockholm - implemented the Smart City concept. The study indicates that a successful implementation of a Smart City model requires addressing a number of critical challenges: citizen involvement, business collaboration and strong leadership prove to be key success factors in the Smart City development process.

Companies and their brands initiated various Co-creation practices on social media. Co-creation improves value for both companies and their customers. This study explored the customer perspective of interest for participating in such Co-creation opportunities on Facebook. Drawing upon the Use and Gratification Theory we investigated the intention of customers to take part in Co-creation on Facebook. We related people's Co-creation behaviour to the expectancy of satisfaction or reward for their actions. Customer Engagement is an additional concept that expresses the emotional attachment of customers to brands and companies. Underlying reasons were investigated why customers would consider taking part in Co-creation. The quantitative survey inquired customers about their expected Benefits, level of Customer Engagement and their intention for taking part in Co-creation with companies on Facebook. Our results showed that Customer Engagement can be considered as the most important predictor for the intention to Co-create instead of User Gratification. Hedonic Benefits are the most important drivers for User Gratification, playing a key role in the people's intention for taking part in Co-creation practices. Overall, people's intention for Co-creation on Facebook increases when they have a meaningful and pleasurable way of experiencing the companies' products that concern them.

In recent years, we have seen the increase of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions, products and services. The Internet of Things will capture a large amount of data pertaining from the environment, as well as their users. The real value of collecting data will be the result of data processing and aggregation in a large-scale where new knowledge can be extracted. However, such procedures can also lead to user privacy issues. This study describes what citizens do and do not know about Wi-Fi tracking and how that knowledge affects their responses to privacy and security risks. The results of this study showed that there is a lack of awareness towards Wi-Fi tracking by people in the municipality studied. The results show that most respondents are willing to cooperate with Wi-Fi tracking, despite the fact that most people have concerns of losing control about how their data is gathered and used. This study also found that respondents indicated Wi-Fi tracking as useful and especially safety is appointed as an important benefit of Wi-Fi tracking. The results of this study confirm that privacy, trust and perceived benefits significantly influence the willingness to disclose personal information.

In recent years, a plethora of new possibilities for interactive urban planning emerged, fuelled by the rise of smart cities. This paper studies the potential of urban media for reshaping the role of citizens in urban planning. Both the historical role that citizens have played in the development of neighbourhoods and the process of urban planning are presented from a literature review. Furthermore, present visions on urban planning and citizen participation in smart cities are reviewed. Lessons learned from this literature study, are confronted with six main trends in urban media from expert interviews. As a result, we deliver an overview that helps urban planners in neighbourhoods in order to profit from advantages of urban media while avoiding their risks. We found that the development of urban media could have both positive and negative effects with regard to citizen participation in urban planning in neighbourhoods.

Urbanization is forcing local government to revisit their way of communicating with citizens. By using Information Technology, cities can become smarter, more livable and more sustainable. The purpose of this study is to identify critical success factors for local government regarding smart city strategy and participation. The literature study consists of concepts such as smart city, participation and digital strategy. The qualitative study shows that the city of Hamburg defined a digital vision while the other two cities lacked setting such strategies. Bottom-up planning was their primary approach for smart city activities. Regarding the topic of participation we recognize that Hamburg can be recognized as a best practice example. Although the participatory practices were still in its infancy, they showed promising results. Remarkably, all three cities stress the importance of collaboration of different types of stakeholders. The quadruple helix structure ensures effective participation of citizens, companies, universities and government.

The strategic use of social media has increased in importance. However, there is a lack of theory to design and evaluate social media strategies. In a competitive environment, airlines need to excel on service, customer satisfaction and marketing. Social media could support those areas of business. This paper comprises the results of both a systematic literature review and case studies at European airlines. The literature study was based on 85 academic articles, regarding the prevalent approaches to social media strategies. The case studies were conducted within three North-western-European airlines in Germany, France and the Netherlands. As a result, a new conceptual framework and tool for creating social media strategies is created. Engagement, Evaluation and Enabling are its main concepts. The new theoretical framework is more complete and was derived from existing literature and case studies. The 3E Social Media Strategy Canvas can serve both as a decision-making tool and as a theoretical framework for comparison.

Social media has become a popular tool in the political landscape. As a result, it is of increased importance to evaluate social media campaigns of politicians. However, there is currently little knowledge how to measure and evaluate the influence of social media in political campaigns, especially at the local scale. This chapter is a step further towards the development of a theoretical framework and an algorithm that contributes to more reliable impact measurement of social media campaigns by politicians. The Social Media Indicator-2 framework and a related scoring algorithm are introduced to evaluate the influence of individual political candidates via social media on their social environment. The framework is tested by applying it in an empirical pilot study based on the local 2014 municipal elections in the Netherlands. We collected data for the political candidates and their parties in a pre-defined period and were able to relate scores to voting outcome. Positive correlations were revealed between social media contribution scores of politicians and their preference votes within the province of Overijssel in the Netherlands.

Cities increasingly face challenges regarding participatory governance in order to become a "smart city". The world's best cities to live in are not the ones with the most advanced technological layers but cities that create an atmosphere where citizens, companies and government together build a vital and sustainable city. This study compares various definitions of smart cities and integrates current insights from the field of e-participation. Five best-practice examples from over the world illustrate the various ways participation can be developed from various leadership perspectives. A new conceptual framework, the Social Smart City framework, is derived from both e-participation theory and these best-practice examples. The framework comprises of a set of digital strategies for participatory governance in smart cities.

Social media could help nonprofit communities to organize their communication with their members in new and innovative ways. This could contribute to sustaining or improving the participation of members within these communities. Yet little is known of how to measure and understand the offline community effects of social media use. Therefore, the main question of this study is: “How does the use of social media by members of nonprofit communities affect their offline participation?” The Social Media Participation Framework was developed to address this question. It is an initial theoretical framework that aims to contribute to discovering the effects of Social Media Participation on Offline Community Participation. A new measure was created to capture social media participation levels: The Social Media Indicator (SMI) which divides the intensity of use of social media into two aspects: Contribution (e-enabling) and Interaction (e-engagement), following the e-participation theory of Macintosh. In order to test the theoretical framework, it was employed in three longitudinal, multi-method, case studies. The 1st case study was regarding a City Council and its elected political party members in Enschede, The Netherlands. The 2nd case was a Roman Catholic Church community around Oldenzaal in The Netherlands. The 3rd case was based on the Apostolic Society in Enschede, the Netherlands. The church communities who had defined social media strategies were experiencing added value from social media. However, in the case of the council, members who had higher scores for Social Media Use showed significantly lower scores for their Sense of Community. The evidence in this study does not support the idea that social media is ‘the cure’ for the decline in member participation in nonprofit communities. Based on the experiences of the framework in these case studies a revised framework is proposed which addresses the limitations of its predecessor. This study contributed to reducing the void of theories and frameworks for studying social media and its effects on communities.