A series of molecularly engineered hybrid nanocomposites composed of Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles uniformly wrapped with reduced graphene oxide (Zn0.85Fe0.15O@rGO) were synthesized with varying volume fractions (0 ≤ vf ≤ 27%) of rGO and their multifunctional physicochemical properties as hybrid nanocomposites for photocatalytic and energy-storage applications were systematically investigated. Structural and optical analyses confirmed the formation of phase-pure wurtzite Zn0.85Fe0.15O, with the composite containing 19.7% volume fraction of rGO (20GZFO), exhibiting the smallest crystallite size (∼77 nm) and an optimized band gap of 2.90 eV. This nanocomposite showed outstanding photocatalytic activity, achieving ∼97.5% degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. This may be attributed to enhanced light absorption, increased surface area, efficient charge separation, and suppressed electron-hole recombination. Moreover, the conductive rGO framework and mixed Fe2+/Fe3+ redox centres enable superior pseudocapacitive behaviour, delivering a high specific capacitance of ∼728 F g-1 at 5 mV s-1 scan rate. Based on the results of spectroscopic investigation by FTIR, a theoretical model of the interfacial interaction of rGO and Zn0.85Fe0.15O has been proposed. The synergistic integration of photocatalytic and electrochemical functionalities highlights Zn0.85Fe0.15O@rGO as a promising high-performance candidate for sustainable environmental remediation as well as advanced energy-storage technologies.

Background & objectives Sudden death, defined as death occurring within one hour of symptom onset in witnessed cases or within 24 h of last being seen alive in unwitnessed cases, remains a major public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, causes, and risk factors associated with sudden death in young adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted over one year at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi. Cases meeting the definition of sudden death were included, excluding trauma, suicide, homicide, and drug abuse. Each case underwent whole-body imaging, autopsy, and histopathological examination. A multidisciplinary team comprising forensic experts, pathologists, radiologists, and clinicians determined the cause of death. Comparative analysis was performed between sudden death in young adults (18-45 yr) and older adults (46-65 yr). Results Out of 2214 autopsies, 180 cases (8.1%) met the criteria for sudden death. Sudden death in young accounted for 103 (57.2%) cases. Mean age was 33.6 yr in sudden death in young (IQR=10) and 53.8 years in sudden death in old, with male predominance in both. Cardiovascular causes were most common in young (n=40, 42.6%), followed by respiratory causes (n=20, 21.3%) and sudden unexplained deaths (n=20, 21.3%), where no pathology was identified. Other causes included gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and genitourinary pathologies. Smoking and alcohol intake was equally prevalent in those who died young and at old age. Interpretation & conclusions Sudden death in young adults is a significant concern requiring targeted public health strategies. Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause. Respiratory and unexplained deaths warrant further investigation.

INTRODUCTION:Sudden cardiac death in young (SCDY) is a rare and important public health concern which needs to be addressed and documented. The present study was undertaken to identify the various cardiovascular causes and genetic factors leading to sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals in North India. METHODOLOGY:All the suspected SCD cases meeting the inclusion criteria in the age group between 18 and 45 years, received at the forensic mortuary were studied over a period of four years (October 2019-November 2023). Detailed verbal and conventional autopsy, gross and microscopic examination of the heart with whole-exome genetic sequencing (WEGS) was performed to identify all the possible causes of death in these individuals. RESULTS:A total of 59 cases were included. Mean age was 33.7 years with male predominance. Sudden unexplained death (SUD)/negative autopsy was the commonest (n = 21, 35.6 %), followed by coronary artery disease (CAD) with myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 17, 28.8 %) and structural cardiomyopathies (n = 15, 25.4 %). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the commonest structural cardiomyopathy. Congenital anomalies constituted 5 %. Isolated cases include myopericarditis, severe aortic stenosis, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, post-partum cardiomyopathy, and cardiac rupture. Molecular yield in SUDs was 42.8 %. Sarcomeric genes (30.4 %) and Z-disk protein genes (21.7 %) constituted the most significant proportion, followed by genes associated with channelopathies and junctional proteins. CONCLUSION:Negative autopsy/SUD constituted the most common observation in sudden young deaths, followed by CAD/MI. Molecular autopsy in sudden unexplained deaths in young will give a definitive molecular yield of 14.3 %.

Background: Arglabin is a plant alkaloid (sesquiterpene lactone) that is used as an anticancer drug. It has potential anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic effects. Purpose: Arglabin has drawn particular attention because of its therapeutic effects as an anti-inflammatory agent in multiple diseases. Since arglabin inhibits Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, concerns for cardiotoxic effects are valid. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of arglabin on the myocardium. Study design: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of arglabin on the myocardium in an experimental model of myocardial necrosis in rats. Different doses of arglabin (2.5, 5, and 10 mu g/kg) were investigated as pretreatment for 21 days in the isoproterenol (ISO) model of myocardial necrosis groups and per se groups. Methods: On the 22nd day, hemodynamic, histopathological, electron microscopy, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators, apoptotic markers, inflammasome mediators, and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the effects of arglabin. Results: Arglabin pre-treatment showed improvement in hemodynamic parameters and histopathological findings at low doses in isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis model of rats. Arglabin administration altered myocardial structure and modulated myocardial function via activation of NF kappa B/MAPK pathway that led to myocardial injury with an increase in dose. Conclusion: Arglabin imparted partial cardio-protection via an inflammasome-dependent pathway and mediated injury through the inflammasome-independent pathway.

The blend of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) has drawn tremendous attention due to its applications in energy devices. SPE prepared from a mixture of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymers at a 4:1 weight ratio with 20 mM KBr salt shows very high thermal and mechanical stability. However, this composition of SPE exhibits poor ionic conductivity due to its low salt solubility in the polymer matrix. We hypothesize that the increase in salt solubility may lead to an improvement in ionic conductivity. In this study, we have systematically investigated the effect of gamma and high-energy ion beam irradiation on the salt solubility, ion dynamics, and relaxation properties of PVDF-PEO-based SPE. XRD profiles and SEM micrographs of SPE clearly indicate the enhancement of salt solubility with increasing gamma irradiation doses and found complete solubility of KBr salt within the polymer matrix for doses above 50 kGy. The impedance spectroscopy study showed that the dc conductivity was enhanced eight times that of the pristine sample obtained from the Nyquist plot. A new carbonyl (C = O) functional group is generated due to gamma irradiation, which facilitates salt dissociation, as revealed from FTIR studies. The maximum conductivity was found at a gamma dose of 100 kGy. Models such as the Universal Power Law model (Almond and West model), the Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) model, Havrilliak–Nigami (HN), and Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) were employed to explore ion dynamics from ac conductivity and modulus spectra. These models provide bulk resistance, double-layer capacitance, hopping frequency, dielectric, and conductivity relaxation time of gamma-irradiated SPEs. An ion conduction mechanism through the polymer matrix has been proposed based on the experimental results of the high-energy-irradiated SPE.

Abstract Background Heart transplant greatly increases the survival in patients with end stage heart failure. However, cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons face difficulty in detecting rejection at times. Post-cardiac transplant surveillance biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing rejection and therapeutic intervention. Purpose The objective is to report our experience of monitoring rejection by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). Methods The index study is an ambispective one where we evaluated all the patients who underwent heart transplant at our center from 1994 to 2021. Results Heart transplant were carried out in 72 patients within a period of 28 years, with majority being done after 2016. The patients mean age was 31.6 years (10-59 years). The commonest indication was dilated cardiomyopathy (67%) followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy (2.5%), congenital heart disease (7%) and other miscellaneous causes (5%). The mean age of donors was 31.8 years (14-55 years). Eight of the 72 patients died without any post cardiac transplant endomyocardial biopsy. The remaining 64 patients underwent cumulatively a total of 271 endomyocardial biopsy procedures. Majority of endomyocaridal biopsies contained three cores (range 1-7). First EMB procedure was performed in 17 (26.6%) patients within first seven days, 35(53.1%) within the second week and 12(20.3%) after 14 days. Histologically rejection was identified in 42 (66%) patients. Thirty-nine (61%) had only acute cellular rejection (ACR), one (1.6%) had only antibody mediated rejection (AMR) and two (3.1%) had mixed ACR and AMR. These 42 patients with rejection had a total of 90 (33.2%) episodes of ACR detected in 271 endomyocardial biopsies. Out of 90 ACR, 44 (48.9%) occurred in less than six months; seventeen (18.9% of 90 ACR) episodes occurred between six and 12 months and 29 (32.2%) after one year. The mean of presentation of first ACR episode was 36 weeks (range 5 days to 3.6 years). There were 172 endomyocardial procedures within one year of transplantation of which 61 (35%) showed rejection. Ninety-nine endomyocardial procedures were performed one year of transplantation of which 29 (29%) showed rejection. Most common grade in both the time period was ACR grade 1R (International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) 2004) (72.1% in ≤1 year and 65.5% in >1 year) followed by 2R and 3R. Thirty-eight (90.4%) of 42 patients expired in less than five years since transplantation. Two (4.8%) patients survived between five to ten years post transplantation and two (4.8%) survived more than ten years. The longest cardiac transplant recipient had completed 23 years since cardiac transplant and is alive till date. Conclusions EMB being the gold standard for cardiac allograft rejection, the cardiac pathologists need to be aware of the various grades of rejection including mixed rejection.Acute cellular rejection (ISHLT 2004)

Recently, sustainable energy sources have become a top concern worldwide to meet the increasing power demand. Simultaneously, micro-sensors, particularly wearable biosensors, environmental monitoring, space monitoring, etc., are becoming integral to our daily lives. Therefore, harvesting low power on a large scale is crucial, given the substantial demand for low-powered sensors in various applications. Piezoelectric energy harvesting can meet the need for consistent, low-power energy by scavenging mechanical energy from the surroundings. The inclusion of sol-gel derived propylammonium lead iodide (C3H7NH3PbI3) in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) significantly enhances the ferroelectric phase content (β phase, approximately 66.7

Myocardial infarction (MI) is irreversible damage to the myocardial tissue caused by prolonged ischemia/hypoxia, subsequently leading to loss of contractile function and myocardial damage. However, after a perilous period, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) itself causes the generation of oxygen free radicals, disturbance in cation homeostasis, depletion of cellular energy stores, and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The present study employed Abatacept (ABT), which is an anti-inflammatory drug, originally used as an antirheumatic response agent. To investigate the cardioprotective potential of ABT, primarily, the dose was optimized in a chemically induced model of myocardial necrosis. Thereafter, ABT optimized the dose of 5 mg/kg s.c. OD was investigated for its cardioprotective potential in a surgical model of myocardial IR injury, where animals (n = 30) were randomized into five groups: Sham, IR-C, Telmi10 + IR (Telmisartan, 10 mg/kg oral OD), ABT5 + IR, ABT perse. ABT and telmisartan were administered for 21 days. On the 21st day, animals were subjected to LAD coronary artery occlusion for 60 min, followed by reperfusion for 45 min. Further, the cardioprotective potential was assessed through hemodynamic parameters, oxidant–antioxidant biochemical enzymatic parameters, cardiac injury, inflammatory markers, histopathological analysis, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemical evaluation, followed by immunoblotting to explore signaling pathways. The statistics were performed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey comparison post hoc tests. Noteworthy, 21 days of ABT pretreatment amended the hemodynamic and ventricular functions in the rat models of MI. The cardioprotective potential of ABT is accompanied by inhibiting MAP kinase signaling and modulating Nrf-2/HO-1 proteins downstream signaling cascade. Overall, the present work bolsters the previously known anti-inflammatory role of ABT in MI and contributes a mechanistic insight and application of clinically approved drugs in averting the activation of inflammatory response.

Introduction: Myocardial injury is a consequence of multiple underlying events that lead immune response by activated immune cells. Oxidative stress triggers an inflammatory cascade and apoptosis, this exacerbates cardiac injuries and dysfunction. Arglabin is a sesquiterpene lactone, an anticancer compound shown to have potential anti-diabetic effects in in vivo model. Methods: Male Wistar Rats in the 6 out of 9 groups were pre-treated with different doses (2.5 μg/kg, 5 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg of Arglabin) for 21 days. other 3 groups were normal control, vehicle and isoproterenol control. On 22nd day, isoproterenol was injected to induced myocardial injury (85 mg/kg/day). Normal control and isoproterenol control groups. Histopathological examination, electron microscopy, biomarkers (cTnI and LDH), cardiac parameters, oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, SOD, and CAT), inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β;, and TNF α), and apoptotic markers (BAX, Bcl2, and caspase-3) were evaluated. Results: Histopathological examination revealed increased neutrophilic infiltration in arglabin pretreated groups that correlated with electron microscopic findings. increased activity of IL-6, IL-1β;, TNFα, Caspase-1, caspase-3 and BAX was found in different pre-treated group. increased JNK expression was observed in arglabin pre-treated groups (2.5,5,10). altered expression of NFκB, P38, pP38 and IKKβ; were observed. Conclusion: Arglabin administration altered myocardial structure and modulated myocardial function via NLRP3 and MAPK pathway. Consideration regarding cardiovascular adverse effects must be undertaken when exploring other potential role of arglabin. Also, continuous cardiovascular monitoring is suggested for those on anti-cancer treatment with arglabin.

This article proposes using a suitable proportion of high-energy radiation for property enhancement in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). Here, the effect of gamma irradiation has been investigated in proton-conducting SPEs prepared from host polymer Poly(ethylene)Oxide and the salt NH4I. Gamma radiation, combined with variation in salt concentration, modifies the structural, thermal and electrical properties of the SPE. High energy radiation produces scission and/or cross-linking of polymer molecules and changes the effective crystalline /amorphous proportion of the system. The microstructural analysis and variation in physicochemical properties within the specified range of irradiation dose (1 – 49 kGy) have been studied systematically in this article. Before irradiation, only varying salt concentration, maximum DC ionic conductivity (2.31 × 10–6 S/cm) of this two-phase (PEO–NH4I) SPE system is achieved at 12wt

Conductivity and transport properties of a cost-effective and environment friendly chitosan based solid biopolymer electrolytes which form mechanically robust thick film, have been reported here. A maximum ionic conductivity of ∼ 10 -4 S/cm has been achieved by optimizing the concentrations of the salt (LiClO 4 ) and the plasticizer (EC) in the biopolymer electrolyte. Ion transport properties of the biopolymer electrolytes are studied from Raman spectroscopy. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), with a sandwich structure, is fabricated with chemically synthesized ZnO (∼ 60 nm) as the nanoporous semiconductor material coated with Rose Bengal dye as a photosensitizer, the chitosan biopolymer as electrolyte and platinum as counter electrode. Linear Sweep Voltammetry analysis of the DSSCs illustrates the photovoltaic performance of these cells. Without any external addition of redox couple in the biopolymer electrolytic system, a maximum short-circuit current density of J SC = 0.556 mA/cm 2 and open-circuit voltage V oc = 0.605 V with power conversion efficiency 0.051 % is achieved by the DSSC.

Propylammonium lead iodide, C3H7NH3PbI3, was synthesized by sol-gel method and incorporated in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) to produce nanofibers by electrospinning technique. These nanofibers possess an improved degree of crystallinity with the successful conversion of non-polar phase to polar phase content. The tensile strength and thermal stability of nanofibers are also enhanced significantly with the addition of C3H7NH3PbI3. The fabricated lightweight, flexible, durable, cost-effective, self-powered piezoelectric nanogenerator is observed to generate 60 V open circuit voltage, 27.5 mu A short circuit current, and 9.81 mW/m2 power under periodic hammering with a free hand. Voltage generation of this nanogenerator scavenging mechanical energy from various sources is also detected. This device exhibits remarkable mechano-sensitivity (6.3 V/N in the low applied force region and 12.12 V/N in the higher applied force region) with superior energy conversion efficiency - 42.03 %. The flexibility along with ultra-sensitivity of this power generator initiates its utility as wearable nano sensors. Moreover, the ultrafast capacitor charging ability of the nanogenerator assures its potential as a nano-tactile sensor. The optimal energy band gap and photoactive nature of the C3H7NH3PbI3@PVDF composite confirm its efficacy as a photodetector/diode. Therefore, the proposed C3H7NH3PbI3@PVDF composite enables to design a multifaceted device that can perform separately/simultaneously as mechanical energy and solar energy harvester.

We hereby report a 10‐month‐old girl with a reddish lesion, painless progressive, started at the age of 1 month near medial canthus. The baby was born at full‐term with uneventful antenatal and postnatal history. No history of similar lesions elsewhere in the body. A 3‐month course of oral propranolol was given in the past with a provisional diagnosis of capillary hemangioma with no response. On examination, a solid, firm, non‐compressible mass with involvement of skin, reddish in color, with telangiectatic blood vessels was seen, with fixity to underlying bone. It measured 30 mm × 40 mm, located in medial periorbital area [Fig. 1a]. Ocular examination was normal. MRI with contrast showed an intensely enhancing mass with hyperintense T1‐weighted and isointense T2‐weighted signals [Fig. 1b]. Biopsy was suggestive of LMFS. On light microscopy, fascicles of spindle‐shaped tumor cells, with focal storiform pattern, were seen infiltrating soft tissues. Tumor cells had ill‐defined eosinophilic cytoplasm and fusiform nuclei. Mild nuclear atypia was seen along with mitotic figs. Ki67‐labeling index was >10%. On immunohistochemical

Enhanced specific capacitance with silver decorated manganese cobalt ferrite (MnCoFeO4) nanoparticles anchored onto graphene sheets as an electrode and graphene oxide (GO) grafted chitosan (CS)/ polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as solid electrolytes in hybrid solid-state supercapacitors has been reported here. GO doped CS/PMMA blended solid electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivity (-4.5 x 10-3 S/cm) and dielectric constant (-4018) at room temperature. Thermal analysis suggests a significant reduction in crystallinity in GO grafted CS/PMMA electrolytes. The scaling of the ac conductivity and dielectric constant suggests that the relaxation phenomenon is independent of the CS/PMMA blending compositions but dependent on the GO doping. The interaction between Li+cation and the amide functional group is weakened remarkably on grafting the electrolytes with GO. An effective specific capacitance of-294 Fg 1 is obtained with Ag decorated MnCoFeO4 nanoparticles anchored onto rGO electrode which is-2.5 times enhanced compared to that with MnCoFeO4 electrode.

Nd0.78Sr0.22CoO3 nanoparticles having 89 nm average particle size are synthesized by standard sol-gel techniques. Structural and morphological characterization is performed by X-ray diffraction and FESEM images. DC magnetization studies in the range 1.6 K to 300 K reveal the disordered magnetic phase below 36 K. Existence of this disordered magnetic phase is substantiated by the magnetic memory effect. A significant upturn in the ZFC magnetization below 4.5 K, which is a signature of a dominant ferromagnetic (FM) component, is observed. This FM component may be attributed to the uncompensated (UC) spins at the surface of Nd0.78Sr0.22CoO3 nanoparticles. The presence of the interface of these two magnetic components with significantly different anisotropy results in the exchange bias effect.