Orobanche cumana Wallr. is a parasitic angiosperm distributed in many sunflower-producing countries worldwide, where it can cause a severe yield loss. Field surveys in sunflower fields during July-August in 2017, 2019, and 2021 were conducted in the northeastern part of Croatia to investigate broomrape attack rate, weed community where broomrape was present, and weed management strategies used by the farmers. Although, it was observed the difference between the morphometric characteristics of broomrape in the investigated area (Baranja, Syrmia, and Slavonia), the most concerning fact is a trend of increasing attack rate from 2017 to 2021, recorded in the whole region. Weed communities that coexist with broomrape consist of a total of 31 species, where late spring broadleaf weeds predominate (58% of the total weed infestation), followed by the late spring grass weeds (16%). The most abundant was Ambrosia artemisiifolia followed by Chenopodium album, Xanthium strumarium, Setaria viridis, Cynodon dactylon, Sorghum halepense, Convolvulus arvensis and Orobanche cumana. No phytosociological affinities were observed between broomrape and weed communities in sunflowers. The full CCA model explained 82.81%, while the first two axes explained 55.92% of the total variation in community composition. The most important predictors were herbicide and sunflower hybrid choice, while preceding crops, sunflower sowing rate and broomrape attack rate accounted for significantly less variance.

This study focuses on the distribution and impact of the invasive species tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle) in the easternmost county of the Republic of Croatia. The research was conducted from May to September 2022 and 2023, utilizing the systematic random sampling method. The presence of tree-of-heaven was recorded in both rural and urban environments, where only the number of trees having a medium tree trunk diameter at breast height (DBH) of 10-20 cm and a small DBH of 5-10 cm was significantly higher in rural compared to urban sites. The negative effects of the tree-of-heaven population are due to its vigorous clonal growth (biological characteristics; p < 0.001) and dense monoculture stands, resulting in decreased plant species richness and native species diversity (ecological impact; p < 0.001. The harmful effects of invasion depend on the site where plants grow. Still, serious damage, based on significant factor loadings (eigenvalue >1), was recorded not only on environmental but also on functional, safety, and aesthetic aspects, causing economic loss and mechanical damage.

ABSTRACT The production of green leafy vegetables is an important segment in agriculture, because they are the source of functional compounds that are beneficial for human health. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of plasma activated water (PAW) treatment on the morphological, qualitative and chemical properties of spinach under greenhouse and field growing conditions. The application of PAW has a significant influence on plant height, plant diameter, green mass and dry matter, as well as on the content of bioactive substances (phenols, flavonoids, proline) under both cultivation conditions. The results of this study show that the application of a higher dose of PAW (PAW 2) resulted in 46% higher green mass of spinach under field conditions and 57% higher green mass under greenhouse conditions compared with the control varieties. The application of PAW 2 increased the dry matter of the plants by 53% under field conditions and by 75% under greenhouse conditions compared with the control varieties. Similar results were obtained with respect to proline content under field conditions, which increased by 30% with the application of PAW 2 compared with the control varieties and by 50% in the greenhouse with the application of PAW 1. The results indicate that PAW treatment can be a useful method to improve the growth and nutritional quality in spinach cultivation under different climatic and growing conditions.

Paprika je povrtna kultura iz porodice Solanaceae koja potječe iz Meksika i Srednje Amerike, a danas je jedna od najčešće konzumiranih namirnica na svijetu. Bogatstvo vitaminima i mineralima te ostalim korisnim sastojcima čini je visoko vrijednim povrćem. Plodovi paprike dobar su izvor minerala poput magnezija, kalcija, kalija, fosfora i željeza. Visokokvalitetno povrće sve je traženije među potrošačima, a kao potpora njegovu rastu koriste se razna gnojiva. Kao alternativa gnojivu pojavila se obećavajuća i još uvijek nova fizikalna metoda - hladna (netoplinska) plazma, koja ima brojne prednosti u poljoprivredi, poput visoke učinkovitosti u klijanju i dezinfekciji sjemena te sigurnosti za okoliš. U kontaktu vode s plazmom nastaje plazmom aktivirana voda (PAW) koja se zbog svoje reaktivne prirode pojavila kao prikladna tehnologija u poljoprivredi. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi učinak tretiranja sjemena plazmom aktiviranom vodom na sadržaj minerala u plodovima paprike pri različitim uvjetima uzgoja. Sjeme dviju sorti paprike natopljeno je PAW-om i biljke su uzgajane do tehnološki zrelih plodova koji su analizirani pomoću ICP-OES spektrometra. Rezultati pokazuju kako se kod plodova čije je sjeme tretirano PAW-om povećao sadržaj svih minerala (osim natrija kod jedne sorte) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Prema prosječnim vrijednostima sadržaj kalcija povećao se za 11,86 %, magnezija 9,47 %, kalija 10,18 %, natrija 5,37 %, a fosfora 7,83 %. Osim toga, kod kontrolnih plodova paprike veći sadržaj minerala uglavnom su imale paprike uzgojene na polju, dok je kod plodova čije je sjeme tretirano PAW-om veći sadržaj minerala bio u plasteniku u odnosu na polje (osim kod sadržaja natrija).

Odvodnja suvišnih oborinskih, slivnih i voda u tlu kao meliorativna mjera spada u važne mjere upravljanja vodama u područjima zahvaćenim nepovoljnim klimatskim uvjetima. Na području grada Slavonskog Broda u Brodsko posavskoj županiji, provedeno je istraživanje i analiziranje utjecaja oborina na protok vode u istočnom lateralnom kanalu „Jelas polja“. Cilj ovoga rada bio je kroz tri mjeseca (veljača, ožujak, travanj, 2022. godine) praćenja količine dnevnih oborina utvrditi njihov utjecaj na omočenu površinu (Op) i količinu protoka vode (Pv) u lateralnom kanalu. Praćenje suvišne vode u kanalskoj mreži sustava za odvodnju može biti dobar pokazatelj učinkovitosti sustava za odvodnju, njenog utjecaja na pokose kanala te može utjecati i na stabilizaciju prinosa poljoprivrednih kultura. Najveći protok vode tokom ovoga istraživanja iznosio je 744,33 m3 h-1, dok je najmanji bio 33,71 m3 h-1. Najmanja brzina od 0,57 m s-1 zabilježena je u isto vrijeme kada i najmanji volumen protoka vode. Na osnovu prikupljenih podataka može se zaključiti da su kanal i njegovi pokosi dobro hidraulički projektirani te obzirom na prikupljenu vodu koja utječe na omočenu površinu i protok vode ne dolazi do povećanja brzine kretanja vode što može nepovoljno djelovati na stranice kanala.

The aim of this paper was to find out if PAW (plasma-activated water) irrigation treatment might have a positive influence on morphological parameters (number of leaves, head mass, rosette height, rosette width, and dry matter), microelements and macroelements content, and the formation of secondary metabolites (phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and proline). Watering in two treatments (PAW 1 (150 mL added per watering) and PAW 2 (300 mL added per watering)) were completed four times. The experiment was conducted in inside and outside growing conditions. As a result of the experiment, it was established that PAW treatment had a positive effect on morphological parameters, nitrogen content, and the content of phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and proline. In addition, it was discovered that growing in inside conditions for PAW 1 treatment gave 61.43% better results in mass in relation to outside conditions. Regarding the PAW 2 treatment, the results showed that the mass in inside conditions was 66.30% higher than in outside conditions. Comparing PAW 1 and PAW 2 treatment, it was found that PAW 2 treatment gave 6% more mass than plants under PAW 1 treatment. It can be concluded that there was a positive effect of PAW treatment on morphological parameters in relation to the control, but there was no significant difference between the treatments.

Field studies were conducted in the northeastern part of the Republic of Croatia to determine the influence of the critical period of weed interference on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) yield, yield components, and oil content. For this purpose, different durations of competition were established, allowing weeds to infest the crop for increasing periods of time after planting or maintaining plots weed-free for increasing periods of time after planting. The beginning and the end of the critical period of weed control (CPWC), based on a 5% and 10% loss of sunflower yield, were determined by fitting the four-parameter log-logistic equations to the relative seed yield. The total weed biomass increased progressively in relation to the increase in the competition. The beginning of the CPWC period, based on a 5% acceptable yield loss, ranged from 141 to 234 growing degree days (GDD), which corresponded to the two-to-four true leaf development stage (the V2–V4 growth stages) across both sites and years. The crop had to be kept weed-free until a period when sunflower inflorescence began to open and flower (the R4–R5 growth stage) or from 1365 to 1932 GDD. The sunflower yield and yield components varied between the years and among locations. An increasing duration of weed interference negatively affected crop height, head diameter, and 1000-kernel weight, but not seed oil content.

Rijeke su integralni dio tla, nastale u turbulentnim vremenima oblikovanja Zemlje, i mijenjale su se tijekom njezine povijesti. Raznolikost rijeka ne odražavaju samo različiti tipovi tla kroz koje one protječu nego ta raznolikost ovisi i o promjeni godišnjih doba i razlika između vlažnih i suhih godina. Drava je srednjoeuropska rijeka i jedna od najvažnijih pritoka Dunava. U prirodnim uvjetima pronos sedimenta u Dravi je uravnotežen, što znači da se na određenom području odnesena količina sedimenta nadomjesti istom količinom s uzvodnih dijelova sliva. Na svom toku kroz Hrvatsku Drava je tri puta pregrađena na dijelu toka uzvodno od ušća Mure, dok je prije ulaska u Hrvatsku čak dvadeset puta pregrađena. Izgradnjom hidroakumulacijskih jezera u sklopu hidroeneregetskih objekata mijenja se prirodni režim protoka, javljaju se značajne hidrološke i morfološke promjene na mjestu pregrada, kao i na dijelu toka uzvodno i nizvodno od pregrada. Izgradnja brana na rijekama smanjuje broj vrsta biljnoga i životinjskoga svijeta mijenjajući lokalne stanišne uvjete. Izgradnjom hidroelektrana dolazi i do kanaliziranja pojedinih dijelova vodotoka, gdje se mijenjaju erozijsko-sedimentacijski procesi u samom koritu. Rijeka koja je u prirodnom stanju sa svim svojim elementima najbolja je obrana od sezonskih poplava. Izgradnjom hidroenergetskih objekata mijenja se hidrološki režim, odnosno uvelike osciliraju vrijednosti protoka na pojedinim dijelovima rijeke Drave, što ima utjecaja na poplavne nizine nizvodno te na biljne vrste karakteristične za tu vrstu staništa. Glavnina biljnih vrsta koje su prilagođene poplavnim stanišnim uvjetima izgradnjom akumulacije izgubile bi većinu tla koje je pogodno za naseljavanje.

The aim of this work was to determine if PAW (Plasma Activated Water) seed treatment and growing conditions could have positive effects on lettuce seedlings and growth. The paper presents the results of a pot experiment on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation in greenhouse and field conditions after seed treatment with PAW. The experiment was conducted in two consecutive seasons in 2021 and 2022 and the following growth parameters were measured: head mass, rosette height, rosette width, number of leaves, root mass and root length. As a result of the study, it was found that lettuces grown in the greenhouse from PAW treated seeds had higher results in the first measurement for both cultivars (mass 32.26%, diameter 19.01%, number of leaves 13.49% and height 24.01%), while there were no statistically significant effects on the root system. The lowest results were obtained in untreated and field-grown plants. In addition, plant dry matter was measured and it was found that plants grown from PAW treated seeds had a higher percentage of dry matter (11.51% in 2021, and 11.58% in 2022). It was also found that cultivation in greenhouse resulted in a better quality of plants than the cultivation in the open field.

Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a novel and promising technique in the agricultural field that has the potential to improve vegetable growth and yield. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of plasma-activated water seeds treatment and growth conditions on pepper plant growth parameters and fruit quality. A factorial design of three factors (C = cultivar, GC = growth condition, and PAW = plasma activated water treatment seeds) was established, with two variants for each one: Cultivar 1 (C1) and Cultivar 2 (C2); greenhouse (G) and open field (F); PAW seeds treatment (PAW) and seeds without treatment with PAW (C). Four replicates with fifty seeds were taken for each variety. Growth and fruit quality parameters were measured in the three month period during 2021 and 2022, respectively. The significant influence of cultivar, growing condition, and PAW on fruit quality and pepper plant growth parameters were determined. The lowest values of measured parameters were obtained in the open field without PAW treatment. Pepper growth in a greenhouse from PAW-treated seeds had a higher canopy height (17.85%), weight (10.57%), number of leaves (10.5%), nodes (18.94%), and buds (37.83%). Moreover, dry matter content was higher (33.73%) as well as fruit quality: fruit weight (50.19%), diameter (24.3%), length (20.88%), and pericarp weight (49.49%). Results indicate that PAW treatment of peppers seeds can lead to production and yield improvement under different climates and growing conditions.

Invazivne biljne vrste su naturalizirane strane, namjerno ili nenamjerno unesene biljke na područje Republike Hrvatske. Prema podatcima Svjetske udruge za zaštitu prirode one predstavljaju drugi glavni uzrok ugroženosti autohtonih vrsta, samim tim i bioraznolikosti. U Hrvatskoj je registrirano oko 617 alohtonih vrsta od čega je 70 invazivnih. Istočno od Slavonskog Broda uz rijeku Savu nalazi se 1500 ha poplavnog područja od čega se na oko 280 ha prostire tipični slavonski naplavni pašnjak Gajna. Brodsko ekološko društvo je podnijelo zahtjev, a Republički zavod za zaštitu prirode prijedlog te je 14.09.1990. godine odlukom Skupštine općine Slavonski Brod, Gajna dobila status značajnog krajobraza. U sastavu bogate i raznolike flore ovog područja nalaze se i alohtone invazivne biljke. Cilj rada je bio tijekom vegetacijske sezone 2019. godine determinirati ih, navesti načine njihovog rasprostranjivanja i mogućnosti suzbijanja. Utvrđene su sljedeće invazivne vrste: ambrozija, amorfa, cigansko perje, kanadska hudoljetnica, jednogodišnja krasolika, perzijska čestoslavica i obalna dikica. Tarupiranjem i ispašom podolskim govedima, uspjelo se suzbiti amorfu koja je do prije nekoliko godina predstavljala veliki problem nakon, čega je počela rasti i razvijati se prirodna flora što do tada nije bilo moguće. Trenutno je raširena i u velikom broju prisutna obalna dikica čiji se plodovi lako rasprostranjuju, a kako je Gajna naplavni prisavski pašnjak, sjemenke se još dodatno šire i vodom.

Weed infestation is a major cause of the poor yield of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.); therefore, proper weed management represents one of the most important and expensive steps in soybean production. Field experiments were established in northeastern parts of Croatia, in the Vukovar-Syrmia county from 2014 to 2016, arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. Two different studies were conducted: the first study was to determine the weed interference, weed biomass accumulation, yield, and yield components of soybeans growing in three different rows spacing (25, 50, and 70 cm), and the second study aimed to simulate a risk analysis by building models of probabilities for generating profit as a result of weed control. The weed community in soybean during the study period comprised 34 dicot and grass species of a varied perennation. Compositional differences in the weed community tended to be affected most by the year (humid–arid environment), followed by row spacing. There were no differences in the weed biomass accumulation with a reduction in row spacing from 70 to 50 and 25 cm. The dominant weed species Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Datura stramonium, Setaria viridis, and Sorghum halepense formed the main biomass and were spread over all row spacings. There was a significant influence of row spacing, the duration of weed interference, and year on soybean yield and yield components. Weed infestation until the second trifoliate (V2) stage had no detrimental effect on soybean yield, regardless of the row spacing. The number of pods per plant significantly decreased at the same V2 stage in 25 and 50-cm rows, but in 70-cm soybean rows, this process started later, at four unfolded trifoliate leaves (V4 stage). A 1000 kernel weight was less sensitive to weed infestation and was significantly decreased at full flowering (R2 stage) in 25 and 70 cm rows, while it already decreased at the V4 stage in 50 cm rows. The probability distribution of achieving a profit showed the best results for soybeans growing in 70 cm rows, with preemergence herbicide application and two inter-row cultivation.

Tijekom cijele godine odvija se potrošnja jabuka u svježem stanju. O njezinim vanjskim i unutarnjim karakteristikama ovisi cjelokupna ocjena kvalitete. Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje sklonosti potrošača prema određenom tipu izgleda i okusa jabuke, odnosno sklonosti prema određenim sortama. Žiri potrošača koji su ocjenjivali plod jabuke bio je sastavljen od potrošača čija se starosna dob kretala od 20 do 30 godina. U istraživanju svih kvaliteta bile su uključene 4 sorte jabuka; Idared, Jonagold, Gloster i Granny Smith. U anketi su ocjenjivani vanjski izgled ploda (boja kožice, veličina i oblik ploda), fizikalne karakteristike ploda (tekstura, sočnost i tvrdoća), te kemijske karakteristike ploda (odnos šećera i kiselina, aroma i punoća okusa). Sva ispitivana svojstva ocjenjivala su se ocjenama od 1 do 6, pri čemu je 1 bila minimalna ocjena, a 6 maksimalna ocjena. U ovom istraživanju najbolje su ocijenjeni plodovi sorte Granny Smith, nakon toga plodovi sorte Idared, te Gloster a najlošije su ocijenjeni plodovi sorte Jonagold.

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) is cosmopolitan fern, found at varying altitudes on all continents except Antarctica. It is an aggressive colonizer and can appear in various plant communities, but an important characteristic is its ability to dominate in dense patches. Once establish, the deep-set rhizomes are nearly impossible to eradicate. In Croatia, bracken dominate on specific habitat type called “bujadnice” in Lika region, but can also be found in herbaceous layers in following forest communities: As. Betulo-Quercetum; As. Pteridio-Betuletum; As. Potentillo albae-Quercetum pubescentis; As. Castaneo sativae-Fagetum; As. Helleboro nigri-Piceetum. Bracken fern is significant problem for livestock-based extensive agriculture, because it causes a range of syndromes in farm animals including thiamine deficiency, acute hemorrhagic syndrome, bright blindness, enzootic hematuria and upper alimentary carcinoma. Man may consume the toxins of bracken either directly or indirectly. In terms of the economic loss and suffering caused by bracken, it is clearly that some steps must be taken to control distribution of this fern. Timing is important in any management treatment of bracken fern. The most effective time for bracken control is summer just after the new fronds have fully expanded and starch reserves in the rhizome are at their lowest level. Two or more annual treatments and combinations of cutting and herbicide are more effective than single treatments or even single annual treatments.

Field study tested weed control efficacy, crop yield and economic return using various weed management strategies in sunflower growing with different population density. Treatments included four rates of PRE emergence application of S-metolachlor + fluchloridon and one POST emergence application of flumioxazin + quizalofop-pethyl. PRE-em application (1.4 + 2.4 and 1.2 + 2.0) provided at the higher crop densities (70 000) best weed control. However, PRE- em treatments with lower doses (0.8 + 1.6 and 1.0 + 1.8) and POST- em application did not maintain acceptable control of dominant weeds. Grain yield increased with the crop density, but did not statistically differ between applied herbicide treatments. Finally, the implication of this study demonstrated that sole application of tested herbicide treatments at higher crop sowing density (60 000 and 70 000) was found to be economically the best alternative strategy for reducing weed infestation and achieving a better yield.

A vegetation survey in northeastern Croatia explored the influence of intensive arable farming on the weed community in relation to the crop edge and adjacent field margin. A total of 141 vascular plants were recorded, and significant differences among the species appear in the field margins (134) as compared to the crop edges (109) and middle of the fields (49). Native plants predominated (83.7%), but among non-natives, the most abundant were Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Abutilon theoprasti Med. and Veronica persica Poir., with the highest cover values inside the cropped areas, particularly during spring sowing of row crops. The most diverse (having significantly higher Evenness and Shannon?s diversity index) was the community from the field margin, followed by the weed community that developed on the crop edges. Three distribution patterns were observed: weeds typically limited to the crop area, weeds limited to the non-crop area and weeds with some ability to spread from the field margins. Major variations in species composition were identified according to sowing season and crop type. Wind dispersal annuals with light- and nitrogen-demands were associated with disturbed, tilled habitats, while perennials with higher requirements for moisture and other than a wind mode of dispersal, were associated with the field margins.

Field margins are pollinator-friendly habitats and important refuges for many pollinators. As a valuable food resource throughout the vegetation season, not just when crop species are in flower, field margins need to be protect or restore in areas of intensive farming. This paper examines the floristic and functional structure of weed communities on field margins in the northeastern part of the Republic of Croatia. A phytocoenological survey was conducted during the summer period of 2017 and 2018. A total of 32 field margins was analyzed for species richness, abundance and their role for entomofauna. Floristically rich field margins consist of 72,6% plant species beneficial to pollinators. Foraging period can be stretching throughout the year, but stabile and high flowering period is from May to end of September. Among highest ranked honeybee plants, several invasive species with significant relative abundance are: Solidago gigantea, Asclepias syriaca and Amorpha fruticosa who pose a serious threat to plant biodiversity. Positive role of vegetation from field margins was not valuable for pollinators only, but they also serve as supply the substrates that provide a shelter and nesting sites.

Dodders are cosmopolitan parasitic rootless and leafless plants, only minimally photosynthetic, and entirely dependent on the host. Among them, field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) is the most widely distributed dodder species that can cause a serious problem in sugar beet production in many areas around the world. Depending on the severity of infestation, dodder can reduce the sugar beet yield by 20-100%. Distribution and abundance of field dodder has become significant in northeastern Croatia sugar beet fields, showing 30% of high and 10% of severe dodder infestation. A similar pattern has been observed in the surrounding fields and rural habitats with severe dodder attack occurring particularly in alfalfa fields. Dodder has a broad host range, and has preference. During this study, a total of 28 weed species served as dodder hosts. The host weed species having a strong association with the sugar beet crop were Conyza canadensis, Solanum nigrum, Datura stramonium, Amaranthus retroflexus and Atriplex patula. However, many other weeds can support dodder development in other fields, field borders and non-crop areas. Their soil can become a reservoir of dodder seeds during the years when non-host crops are grown. They are Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum lapathi-folium, Convolvulus arvensis and Chenopodium album.

This paper analyses the floristic biodiversity of weed communities in the arable lands of the Istrian peninsula during a twelve year period (2005–2017). A total of 50 fields were surveyed for each sampling time using the seven-degree Braun-Blanquet cover abundance scale in the following agricultural categories: a) permanent crops (vineyards/olive groves), b) alfalfa fields, c) cereals, d) row crops and e) ruderal areas. The taxonomic identification was performed during the full development of vegetation, for cereals in June and July, and for the rest – in August and September. A total of 175 weed species were determined during both study periods with Asteraceae and Poaceae families as the most abundant. Altogether, therophytes were dominant in both surveys, followed by hemycryptophytes and geophytes. Variations in species composition were visible in both study periods (2005 and 2017) as well as in the selected habitat types. Exclusive species were found in addition to those that were common for both surveys. Changes in species composition between 2005 and 2017 referred to the difference in row spacing in earlier period, and ruderal vs. agricultural habitats in the recent survey. The differences in phenological traits between the past and present surveys were greatest for germination season in permanent crops and row crops, flowering start for permanent crops, flowering period for ruderal area and weed height for permanent crops. Significant differences between the past and present survey for other plant traits did not occur.

Kalcij i magnezij pripadaju skupini zemnoalkalijskih metala značajno zastupljenih u zemljinoj litosferi, odnosno skupini umjereno pokretnih makrohraniva koji imaju važnu ulogu u ishrani bilja. Svrha ovoga istraživanja jest usporedba količine ekstrahiranoga kalcija i magnezija otopinom amonijeva acetata (AA) i otopinom Mehlich 3 (Mehlich 3) iz tala istočne Hrvatske. Ukupno 200 uzoraka oraničnih horizonata (0 - 30 cm) najzastupljenijih tipova tala prikupljeni su u pet županija istočne Hrvatske 2012. godine. Nakon određivanja pH vrijednosti i sadržaja ukupnih karbonata u tlu grupirani su uzorci tla (uzorci s manje od 3,5 i više od 3,5% CaCO3). Utvrđeno je da metoda Mehlich 3 ekstrahira više kalcija i magnezija od metode AA, a razlike u količini ekstrahiranih kationa izraženije su kod karbonatnijih tala (>3,5% CaCO3), posebno za kalcij. U tlima s manjim sadržajem CaCO3 utvrđena je statistički vrlo značajna korelaciju (P≤0,01) između metoda AA i Mehlich 3 u količini ekstrahiranoga kalcija i magnezija. Statistički je vrlo značajna korelacija (P≤0,01) utvrđena i između količina Mg AA i Mg Mehlich 3 u tlima sa sadržajem CaCO3 većim od 3,5%, što obje metode čini pogodnima za određivanje magnezija neovisno o sadržaju CaCO3 u tlu.