Mechanical and thermal properties of composites reinforced with Banana fibre (BF) and Sisal fibre (SF) were investigated in this study. Benzoylation therapy was effective for Banana fibre /Sisal. The hybridised bio-composites (PP/BF/SF) with a total 10 weight percentage were produced using three different fibres ratios between Banana fibre - and Sisal-treated. The thermal stability experiments are performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC). According to flammability test results, the treated hybrid composite (BF / PP /SF) burned at the slowest rate (only 28 mm/min) and the stiffness damping factor (Tan δ). The loss modulus (E "the ideal (PP/BF/SF) hybrid composite, T-BF5SF5, has a damping factor of 0.058 and a modulus of 86.2 (MPa). Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) was also used to effectively record the dimensional coefficient (m) versus temperature studies, with T-BF5SF5 achieving the highest dimensional coefficient (m) of 30.11 at 110°C. Keywords: Sisal; biocomposites; Banana fibre ; dynamic mechanical analysis; thermal; benzoylation.

An Experimental investigation had been executed in a solar distill unified with parabolic collector using PCM. This experiment had been compared with PCM less experimental setup. PCM and Parabolic solar collector are things embedded with the base system to increase the overall outcome. Used paraffin wax as PCM (Phase Change Material) was one of the most cost-effective approaches to store heat energy. The solar ray’s incidence had been harvested by using the solar distill in which the water passed by the water tubes. This base solar still consist of double slope and the water tube filled with PCM. These experiments were done at the water depth of 15 mm. In these experiments produce the results indicated that a solar distillation system with a Parabolic Solar Collector coupled with PCM yielded higher productivity and temperature levels compared to not utilizing PCM, and these experiments demonstrated that the introduction of PCM in DSSD with Parabolic solar collector with or without it PCM resulted the improvements of the productivity of 33.25% and 57.31% respectively.

The accelerated growth of the automobile industry intensifies sustainability issues, primarily because of its significant carbon emission and the resulting impacts on global environmental systems. These emissions are directly correlated with fuel usage, which is subsequently affected by the material weight utilized in automobile systems. This research utilized machine learning (ML) techniques to optimize the production parameters of natural fiber (NF)-reinforced materials for airplane body applications. A study was conducted using the Taguchi optimization approach to investigate the effect of different fiber lengths, concentrations of sodium hydroxide treatment, Nano SiO2 and hybrid fiber (bamboo fibers, and madar fibers (BMF)) on the performance of the material. In order to find the best combination of the factors that were considered for automobile structural applications with low fuel consumption (low carbon emissions) and high reliability, multi-objective optimization (MOO) methods like additive ratio assessment (ARAS) and genetic algorithms (GA) were utilized within the MATLAB programming environment. With R2 values above 80%, the regression analysis-derived models demonstrated good predictive accuracy. The optimization of ARAS for the developed composite by the GA identified the optimal process parameters for achieving lightweight materials suitable for automobile applications as 35% BMF, 10% Nano SiO2 at a fiber length of 24mm, and a 9 % concentration of sodium hydroxide, with ARAS reaching its maximum level of unity.

Abstract A hybrid manufacturing process, deformation machining (DM) combines subtractive manufacturing with incremental forming. Monolithic components with complex profiles are created through the hybridization of manufacturing technologies, which also reduces the wastage of raw materials. The properties of geometry and surface quality of the fin made from the aluminum alloy Al-7075 T6 using the DM process’s bending mode was examined in this research, as were the effects of various approaches, toolpath methods, and tool design. To achieve the desired shape for the machined fin, various combinations of arcuate and slanting fin toolpath techniques were explored utilizing both top-down and bottom-up methods. The bottom-up method and the arcuate toolpath strategy were used to investigate various tool profiles. Using the best combination of toolpath strategy and tool profile, named as the T3 tool profile, which has a 0.6 mm nose radius and a circular sector, bottom-to-top (BTT)technique, and arcuate toolpath method, components with better geometrical features and surface roughness (SR) were produced. The analysis of the forming force in the bending approach of the DM progression was further carried out using this optimal combination.

The efficient degradation of organic dyes via photocatalysis presents a critical environmental challenge, necessitating advancements in catalyst design and performance. This study investigates the potential of pure and Eu doped CoMoO4 polymorphic nanostructures in addressing this challenge. Our primary focus is on enhancing the efficiency and stability of photocatalysts under diverse condition by performing sol-gel synthesis. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) analysis and Raman analysis was employed to elucidate structural and morphological changes. Our results highlight the significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity achieved through phase transitions induced by Eu doping. This enhancement is attributed to the creation defect sites and the establishment of improved charge transfer pathways within the CoMoO4 nanostructures. By shedding light on the role of phase transition in photocatalysis, this study contributes valuable insights for the design of efficient and durable photocatalysts for environmental remediation application.

Abstract Building Unifying with Concentrating Photovoltaic (BUC-PV) systems are seamlessly incorporated into building envelopes, replacing traditional construction materials while offering benefits such as on-site electricity generation, enhanced radiant efficiency, and improved thermal management. This research introduces an innovative empirical assessment of Phase Change Materials (PCM) to enhance the efficiency of less-concentrated BUC-PV systems through heat transfer mechanisms. Unlike previous studies, which focused primarily on transient and spatial temperature analyses of PCM within constructed systems, this experiment examines the impact of paraffin-based PCM on the electrical energy output of the current setup. Addressing the limitations of the initial system, an advanced evaluation model is proposed and validated through controlled indoor experiments. Wax-based RT42 (paraffin) was used in a custom PCM enclosure. An indoor test was conducted using a steady irradiance of 950 W/m². Results demonstrated a 7.57% increase in electrical energy efficiency with the integration of PCM. Additionally, the BUC-PV-PCM system exhibited a mean module temperature reduction of 4°C compared to a PCM-less outdoor system. The experiment also revealed that PCM performance varied with irradiance flux density, showing an efficiency increase of 1.4% at 600 W/m², 5.0% at 700 W/m², and 7.0% at 950 W/m².

Abstract Thin films FexSi1−xO, with iron (Fe) content between 0 to 20% have been applied to substrates made of soda lime glass by means of the spray pyrolysis process. Annealing the films allowed us to test their thermal stability. Both the as-depositedFexSi1−xO thin film and annealed FexSi1−xOthin film were analyzed by. Researchers analyzed the structure of the films and its composition using these methods. The XRD study demonstrated that the FexSi1−xOthin films, even if they are deposited or annealed, have a wurtzite structure in the plane orientation. The result shows that the films’ crystalline structure is not affected by the heating process. In addition to that, the good indicator of film quality and consistency were no signs of pinholes or cracks in the films. An iron deficiency was identified by following the annealing process, according to the compositional analysis done by EDAX. Annealing affects the integration of Fe in the film’s matrix, according to these changes occur in the composition. The band gap changes to red for FexSi1−xOthin films was observed in the optical characteristics of these films while tested using Ultra Violet -Visible spectroscopy. Integrating Fe into films alters their electronic structure, and it is one important indicator for band gap change. The incorporation of Fe resulted in a reduction in resistance and it is measured by the electrical properties using the two-probe method which in turn indicates an improvement in the films’ electrical conductivity. In conclusion, the outcomes if this research supports the feasibility of incorporating iron into the silicon carbide thin films. There are major structural changes to the films’ electrical characteristics and optical properties due to this incorporation. The outcomes of this research have significant implications for the advancement of electronic and optoelectronic devices that could make use of these alterations to enhance their performance.

This study examined the methods for preparing biocarbon from Teff hay (TBC) and thiol-grafted seed gum of Tamarindus indica (TH@TI-TBC) with the purpose of removing cadmium (Cd) from polluted electroplating waste water. To improve biocarbon adsorption, seed gum and thiol were added in a two-step combination. At a pH of 5.5, the most effective Cd adsorption was seen with TH@TI-TBC (261.47 mg g(-1)). While comparing to the Freundlich and Temkin models, the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models found to be the best fit to the obtained adsorption data. After being treated with electroplating wastewater having 30 mg(-1) L of cadmium, TH@TI-TBC was able to remove up to 89 % of the Cd, proving its effectiveness in dealing with adsorptive removal of Cd. Experimental studies and computational analyses revealed that electrostatic interaction and surface complexation were the principal underlying processes for Cd removal by TH@TI-TBC. In addition, an innovative material that can transform the waste into a product for environmental remediation must be developed using the vast amounts of Teff hay that are generated as agro-residue. So, this work proved that TH@TI-TBC can be made from Teff hay biocarbon could be a potential candidate for removing Cd from industrial wastewater.

Abstract The objective of the study was to develop an alloy with a significant proportion of the γ′ phase and solvus, together with an optimal thermal processing range, by employing the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) approach. The alloy composition employed consisted of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), silicon (Si), tungsten (W), and molybdenum (Mo) in the proportions of 30 %, 10 %, 10 %, 6 %, and 10 % respectively. The actual results validated the calculations and showed that Mo is a constituent that forms the γ phase in Fe-Cu-Si-W-based alloys. Molybdenum (Mo) is added to the alloy to mitigate the discrepancy in lattice structure, impede the formation of bigger particles, and lower the overall density of the alloy. The inclusion of a precise amount of Mo led to the formation of a superalloy that demonstrates a combination of superior mechanical performance at the γ′ solvus and a reduced density. Furthermore, the incorporation of Mo can greatly improve the ability of the Fe-Cu-Si-W high-temperature alloy to resist oxidation. At a temperature of 1000°C, the Fe-30Cu-10Si-6W-10Mo alloy showed minimal weight gain from oxidation, demonstrating its outstanding resistance to oxidation. The primary cause of this phenomenon is the formation of continuous layers of (Fe, Cu) (Si, Mo)2O4 spinel oxide after prolonged oxidation.

Micro parts have become inevitable nowadays for a large number of applications in the areas such as space technology, medical science, nano technology, and electronics. This creates a significant need to develop new techniques, and machine tools for micro manufacturing. In the micromanufacturing process, the interfacial friction between the forming tool and the workpiece is uncertain. It has a significant impact on process workability, which is a key factor in material formability. In the current work microtribological behavior of hexagonal 2D-SnS2 nanosheets as lubricating additives is investigated. Upon the usage of nanoadditive lubricant in the extrusion of micro stepped pin, the extrusion force reduced significantly. Due to the presence of nanoadditives an increased surface quality in the extrudates was observed and it was further justified in the surface roughness results. The raise in temperature leads to more uniform hardness, with a significant reduction of coefficient of variation along with improved material formability. This research work provides a deeper understanding of the characteristics of nanoadditive lubricant and its tribological behavior in the microextrusion process.

The mechanical and wear characteristics of epoxy polymer reinforced composites using kenaf fibre (KF) and powdered chick eggshell (PCES) were examined experimentally. Calcined and uncalcined egg shell particles were created through the processing of egg shell. By using soil retting, kenaf fibres were extracted from the ground and then subjected to NaOH treatment. The composite was made by mixing the selected components in a specified ratio using the hand lay-up process. The produced composites' mechanical and wear characteristics were assessed. The results showed that calcium carbonate may be found in egg shell particles, and in most tests, the uncalcined ESP/SF reinforced epoxy composites outperformed the calcined ESP/SF composites. Additionally, it was found that most tests performed best at various weight fractions. The maximum results of this experimental investigation were 49.57 MPa, 3.64 GPa, 34.41 MPa, 3.49 GPa, 16.43 kJ/m2, and 63.91 HS for tensile, flexural, impact strength, flexural, tensile modulus, and shore D hardness. The 2- wt% calcined PCES particles were responsible for establishing the better wear behaviour. However, the weight fraction with the best values was found to be 2 weights %.

Demand for miniature gears is increasing daily due to huge development in MEMS and microdevices. As a result of this drive towards miniaturisation, microsystem technologies are becoming increasingly important. In this concern, researchers are interested in developing a micro forming process to manufacture highly accurate micro gears, improved operational and functional characteristics, capacity to perform in hazardous environmental conditions, and longer service life. Single-phase NiS nanospheres were developed using a high-temperature wet chemical method and were dispersed in engine oil (SAE 20 W-40) for further forming process. During plastic deformation (micro-scale), the combined grain size effects and NiS nanoparticle added lubricant on formability and interfacial friction of the micro gear are investigated. The grain size effect significantly impacts the micro gear's formability during micro forming. The grain size and orientation significantly influence the microscale deformation process. Due to the size effect, the microhardness value at the centre and the tooth varies considerably. Due to the existence of NiS nano additive lubricant, the surface quality of micro gear improved significantly. The findings of this work help to comprehend the properties of nano additive lubricant and how it behaves tribologically throughout the micro-forming process.

The versatility of metal matrix composites (MMCs) makes them a promising material for various industrial applications. The current study used a ball milling to mechanically AA7178 powder and strengthened with zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) nanoparticles. In addition, the AA7178 matrix was ball-milled to distribute the ZrSiO4 nanoparticles throughout the material. The AA7178 reinforced with ZrSiO4 nanoparticles was compacted and consolidated using two distinct powder metallurgy (PM) sequences: double pressing, double sintering, and hot pressing. In tests measuring microhardness, compression strength, and elongational break, the new nanocomposites surpassed the AA7178. The adequate interfacial bonding and even distribution of ZrSiO4 nanoparticles throughout the AA7178 matrix were essential to the strengthening mechanism. With the use of hot pressing, the mechanical characteristics of the nanocomposites were enhanced. As reinforcement concentration increased beyond 2.5% by weight, mechanical properties drastically degraded due to ZrSiO4 nanoparticles clumping and unequal distribution. Improved mechanical parts attain through the uniform distribution of ZrSiO4 nanoparticles in the AA7178 and the maintenance of their mechanical properties.

In this research, Beta naphtha oxy acetate (BNOA) was used as the guest anion, and Zirconium-aluminum 7075 layered double hydroxide (Zr-AA7075-LDH) was employed as the inorganic host, to create an organic–inorganic nanohybrid nanocomposite using the co-precipitation process. At a BNOA concentration of 0.08 M and a Zr/AA7075, R = 2 M ratio, a stable nanohybrid nanocomposite was produced. The formation of a Zr-AA7075-BNOA nanocomposite, wherein the nitrate ion interlayer gap in layered double hydroxide grew from 8.8 to 19.6 Å, demonstrates the successful intercalation of Beta naphtha oxy acetate into these spaces. Moreover, it was discovered that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area for Zr-AA7075-LDH and Zr-AA7075-BNOA nanocomposites rose from 4.23 to 45.84 m2 g−1. The generated nanocomposite is a mesoporous material with a BJH mean pore diameter of199 Å. CHNS analysis of the sample revealed that the Zr-AA7075- Beta naphtha oxy acetate nanocomposite material is 37.4% (w/w) depend on the carbon content. Pseudo-second order kinetics took over after 200 min of BNOA deintercalation from the Zr-AA7075 lamella being driven by zeroth and first order kinetics. It appears that the organic acid herbicide BNOA can be manufactured using layered double hydroxide as a carrier, as shown by the study's findings.

Higher compressive stress and greater density after extrusion contribute to stronger bonds, which in turn improves mechanical and tribological properties were analyzed. In order to minimize manufacturing defects, a cosine-profiled die with mathematically precise contours was used in the thermo mechanical process. It was requested that more mechanical characterization tests, such as a compression testing and a three-point bending test, be directed to better define the material’s density, hardness, and ductility. Before and after extrusion, the prepared AMCs were put through pin-on-disc (POD) wear testing, during which the RPM of the counter disc, load (N) and track diameter (mm) were varied to simulate different two-body dry sliding wear behaviors. Hot extrusion of AA7075 aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) was investigated for its effect on the materials’ mechanical and tribological properties. These AMCs were manufactured by controlled atmospheric sintering, powder metallurgy and double axial cold compaction. The finely dispersed graphite (Gr) particles shear off at the tribo-surface, creating a solid lubricant that slows the rate of wear. The wear mechanism was found to be more complex when the loading and sliding velocities were increased.

Nanofluids are extensively utilized in metal machining operations.In contemporary times, there has been a notable surge in the utilization of challenging-to-cut materials.This trend is primarily driven by the need to enhance the dependability of critical products operating under elevated temperatures, while also minimizing wear and maximizing strength.Traditionally, the machining of such materials necessitated the implementation of specialized machining processes.However, the process of mass production is characterized by its time-consuming nature and its propensity to significantly escalate manufacturing expenses.To address these challenges, the present study has opted for the utilization of computer numerical control (CNC) machining, specifically focusing on CNC turning centres.The cooling process assumes a crucial role due to the high cutting velocity and utilization of much harder tools in this specific procedure.In this study, the utilization of preferred refined waste cooking oil as the primary fluid and the incorporation of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles as additives to enhance cooling effects were examined.Additionally, other crucial factors such as spindle speed, tool feed rate, and depth of cut were taken into account to optimize material removal rate that is maximize material removal rate during the finishing process of the components.The Taguchi method was utilized.The findings indicated that the process parameters that yielded the best results were a spindle speed of 3000 rpm, a low feed rate of 0.05 mm per revolution, a depth of cut of 0.02 mm, and a refined waste cooking oil (WCO) with a TiO 2 concentration of 0.75 wt.%.

Non-traditional finishing procedures have become increasingly important in recent years, and it is critical that these techniques can benefit from composite materials. One of the most recent methods of surface preparation is called as Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM). As a result of its advantages including light weight, good strength, and low cost, composite materials have displaced traditional materials. It is used to mill composite materials that have a high proportion of Tungsten Carbide (WC) content (Al 6082/WC composites with 30 to 70 % Tungsten Carbide content). Taguchi's philosophy can be employed to study the MRR, Surface roughness (Ra) and surface topography. Extrusion pressure is found to be the most important element in determining MRR and ΔRa. It is done using the Taguchi approach to improve the response parameters (MRR and ΔRa).