Chalcogenide perovskites have emerged in the past few years as very promising candidates for photovoltaic applications. However, experimental studies on these materials are still relatively scarce and there is a concerning lack of experimentally determined physical properties, which is particularly serious for thermodynamic properties, notwithstanding their importance in the assessment of the suitability of these materials for the proposed applications. In this work, the thermodynamic properties of chalcogenide perovskites BaZrS3 and BaHfS3 were therefore studied with the aim of estimating the intrinsic stability of the two compounds and the thermodynamic tendency to react under relevant synthesis/real world environments. The measurement of heat capacities from 1.8 to 300 K was performed for the first time and absolute entropies of the two materials were derived therefrom. Furthermore, the thermal decomposition of BaZrS3 was investigated by means of Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry up to 1850 K, revealing the release of gaseous sulfur as the only gaseous decomposition product up to about 1600 K. The largely dominant sulfur species were S(g) and S-2(g), as expected for a low sulfur-activity phase, with higher oligomers S-3-S-8 only observed in the very first steps of heating. Above 1600 K, also BaS(g) was identified in the vapor phase, with an activity lower than unity, suggesting that pure solid BaS is not formed upon thermal degradation. XRD, SEM, TEM and Raman analyses performed on the residual sample indicated the formation of the Ruddlesden-Popper phase Ba2ZrS4, confirming previous theoretical predictions. However, no isothermal invariance of the sulfur partial pressure was observed, making it impossible to identify any heterogeneous equilibrium established under the effusion conditions. Finally, by combining the newly determined absolute entropies of the two chalcogenide perovskites with theoretical formation energies available in the literature, the intrinsic thermodynamic stability of BaZrS3 and BaHfS3 and the thermodynamic degradation behavior under oxygen, water, and water + CO2 gaseous atmospheres were predicted. Both BaZrS3 and BaHfS3 were shown to be stable with respect to the binary sulfides BaS, ZrS2, and HfS2 at room temperature, with the entropic term causing further stabilization at higher temperatures.

The present research article deals with the thermal degradation study of epoxy resins filled with hybrid nanostructured forms of carbon under oxidative conditions. In particular, the formulated polymer composites (denoted as HYB_0.1%_CNTs:GNs and HYB_0.5%_CNTs:GNs, respectively) consist of two kinds of fillers, namely multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanosheets (GNs), mixed together with two different total mass amounts: 0.1 and 0.5%. In both kinds of nanocomposites, three different CNT:GN mixing ratios were considered (5:1, 1:1, and 1:5, respectively), thus providing a total of six hybrid samples. The thermal behavior of these samples was studied by simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) under flowing air, and two processes took place in distinct temperature ranges. In each step, about 50% of mass loss is detected with an exothermic effect in the corresponding DTA curve, with the second one accompanied by an intense heat release. The kinetic analysis of the two-stage oxidative thermal degradation was investigated using a model-free isoconversional approach. A non-Arrhenian behavior of the temperature function k(T) was assumed, and lifetime prediction was estimated at temperatures close to those of the possible applications. Isoconversional analysis shows nearly constant activation energies for all composites except HYB_0.1%_5:1 (from 142 to 96 kJ·mol-1), while lifetime predictions indicate that thermal stability increases with graphene content at 0.1% loading (HYB_0.1%_1:5) and with CNT content at 0.5% loading (HYB_0.5%_5:1), with uncertainties below 7%. Finally, because of the π-π bond interactions between the CNTs and the GNs dispersed in the epoxy resin matrix, an effective and remarkable electrical performance was found and a correlation with both electrical and morphological properties was established. In this regard, Tunneling Atomic Force Microscopy (TUNA) proved to be particularly powerful in allowing the simultaneous mapping of topography and localized conductive networks with exceptional sensitivity to nanofiller dispersion, such as CNTs and GNs. DC conductivity increased by up to nine orders of magnitude at 0.1 wt% hybrid loading (up to 3.73 × 10-4 S/m vs. 1.06 × 10-13 S/m for CNT-only), with nanoscale TUNA currents (-1.9 to 4.5 pA) mirroring macroscopic trends, while at 0.5 wt% all hybrids reached 10-2 S/m, indicating reduced synergy once a fully developed conductive network is established.

Today, several conventional wastes (fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slags, etc.) are used as valid precursors for geopolymer synthesis. However, there are several new wastes that can be studied to replace geopolymer precursors. This study investigates the behavior of four industrial wastes-suction dust (SW1), red mud (SW2), electro-filter dust (SW3), and extraction sludge (SW4)-as 20 wt.% substitutes for metakaolin in geopolymer synthesis. The objective is to assess how their incorporation before alkali activation affects the structural, thermal, mechanical, chemical, and antimicrobial properties of the resulting geopolymers, namely GPSW1-4. FT-IR analysis confirmed successful geopolymerization in all samples (the main Si-O-T band underwent redshift, confirming Al incorporation in geopolymer structures after alkaline activation), and stability tests revealed that none of the GPSW1-4 samples disintegrated under thermal or water stress. However, GPSW3 showed an increase in efflorescence phenomena after these tests. Moreover, compressive strength was reduced across all waste-containing geopolymers (from 22.0 MPa for GP to 12.6 MPa for GPSW4 and values lower than 8.1 MPa for GPSW1-3), while leaching tests showed that GPSW1 and GPSW4 released antimony (127.5 and 0.128 ppm, respectively) above the legal limits for landfill disposal (0.07 ppm). Thermal analysis indicated that waste composition influenced dehydration and decomposition behavior. The antimicrobial activity of waste-based geopolymers was observed against E. coli, while E. faecalis showed stronger resistance. Overall, considering leaching properties, SW2 and SW3 were properly entrapped in the GP structure, but showed lower mechanical properties. However, their antimicrobial activity could be useful for surface coating applications. Regarding GPSW1 and GPSW4, the former needs some treatment before incorporation, since Sb is not stable, while the latter, showing a good compressive strength, higher thermal stability, and leaching Sb value not far from the legal limit, could be used for the inner reinforcement of building materials.

The gas-releasing thermal decomposition processes of formamidinium tin triiodide perovskite (CN2H5SnI3, usually denoted as FASnI3 or, briefly, FASI) were investigated in order to obtain information on the temperature at which decomposition begins and on the nature of the gas species emitted under heating. Results of thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS) experiments are presented. TG measurements showed that mass loss starts at temperatures much lower than those of the lead-based corresponding compound FAPbI3, with incipient loss at temperatures as low as 423 K. Unlike FAPbI3, practically no residue is left at T = 823 K. KEMS experiments showed a measurable release of SnI4(g) occurring from temperatures as low as 318 K, with a SnI4(g) pressure much lower than the vapor pressure of pure SnI4, suggesting the presence in the solid of Sn-(IV) at reduced activity. At higher temperatures (T > 390 K), the release of SnI2(g) and various species coming from the organic portion, such as formamidine, hydrogen iodide, ammonia, triazine, and hydrogen cyanide, is observed. For the first time, thermal decomposition of FASI was shown to occur with release of both organic and inorganic (tin iodides) species, with the partial oxidation of Sn-(II) to Sn-(IV) significantly decreasing the decomposition onset temperature. Finally, based on TG measurements at various scan rates, a kinetic analysis of FASI decomposition was performed, using integral and incremental isoconversional methods, to derive parameters useful for lifetime prediction. Reasonable reaction time values to achieve a low degree of conversion (less than 0.25) were extrapolated at temperatures typically involved in the operation of photovoltaic devices (333 to 353 K).

The thermodynamic activity of urea in the liquid solution of the urea-choline chloride DES at the eutectic composition was measured for the first time through direct tensimetric experiments using Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. In the explored temperature range (319-343 K), the urea activity coefficients (with respect to pure liquid urea) were found to lie in the 0.25-0.44 range, thus indicating a clear negative deviation from the Raoultian behavior. From the temperature dependence of activity, evidence for negative values of partial enthalpy and entropy of mixing was found, indicating strong attractive interactions between urea and choline chloride, with a significant ordering of urea molecules compared to pure liquid urea.

Benzazole derivatives exhibit distinctive photophysical behavior due to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), making them promising candidates for optoelectronic applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and fluorescent sensors. Understanding their sublimation energetics, phase behavior, and emissive properties is essential for both fundamental studies and materials design. This article reports an investigation on two benzazole derivatives-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO)-through studies of thermal analysis, vapor pressure measurements, and fluorescence spectroscopy to establish structure-property relationships. Thermal stability and phase transitions are characterized using simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and heat-flux DSC. Vapor pressures are determined using both Knudsen effusion mass loss and mass spectrometry. The derived standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, vaporization, and fusion highlight the presence of heteroatom (S versus O) on intermolecular interactions. Solid-state fluorescence measurements reveal strong emission in both compounds, with a large Stokes shift-consistent with ESIPT-and complex spectra attributed to solid-state molecular packing. This comprehensive experimental strategy delivers benchmark thermodynamic and photophysical data, offering new insights into the interplay between molecular structure, thermal behavior, and fluorescence of benzazole derivatives. Such understanding is relevant for the development of advanced optoelectronic materials.

A comprehensive experimental thermochemical study of nine methyl-substituted nitrobenzoic acids was carried out, leading to the final standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gas phase. The combustion energies were measured using high-precision combustion calorimetry, and the enthalpies of formation of the crystal phase were derived. The sublimation enthalpies were obtained from the vapor pressure-temperature dependencies measured using the classic Knudsen effusion mass loss and the transpiration methods. The standard molar enthalpies of vaporisation were derived from the temperature dependence of the mass-loss rates measured using the non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The thermal behaviour, including melting temperatures and standard molar enthalpies of fusion, was investigated by DSC. The high-level quantum chemical G* methods were used for the mutual validation of the experimental and theoretical gas phase enthalpies of formation of methyl-substituted nitrobenzoic acids. The consistent set of experimental properties at the reference temperature T=298 K was evaluated and recommended for thermochemical calculations. The pairwise interactions of the substituents on the benzene ring were derived from nitro-toluenes, methyl-benzoic acids and nitro-benzoic acids available in the literature, and the additivity of the contributions when three substituents are placed simultaneously in the benzene ring was discussed.

This paper reports the results of a study on the significance of the inertization system configuration of a laboratory-scale fixed bed batch reactor with regard to the yield of pyrolysis oil and reactor conversion. Two typical reactor inertization systems were investigated depending on whether the carrier gas (nitrogen in this study) was added from the top or from the bottom of the reactor. Polypropylene (PP) packaging waste (100 g) was used as a model sample. A factorial experimental design was adopted for one categorical parameter, the arrangement of parts of the reactor inertization system. All experiments were conducted at 475 °C, with a carrier gas flow rate of 0.1 L/min and a reaction time of 90 min. Statistical analysis and processing of the results showed that the configuration of the inertization system had a remarkable impact on the pyrolysis oil and gas yield, while its impact on the overall reactor conversion was negligible. When applying the two observed methods of reactor inertization, the average yields of pyrolysis oil and gas differed by 1.7% and 1.8%, respectively. All of the applied statistical treatments had a significance level of 0.05, i.e., there was only a 5% chance of incorrectly rejecting the hypothesis of equality of arithmetic means of pyrolysis yields when the two different methods of reactor inertization were applied. The explanation of this behavior is attributed to the temperature change inside the reactor, which shows that this particular fixed bed reactor suffers from local overheating in its middle part. Local overheating of the middle part of the reactor is more pronounced in the case of inerting the reactor from the bottom, which leads to greater excessive cracking of volatile products compared to the mode of inerting the reactor from the top part and thus greater formation of non-condensable gases, i.e., a reduction in the yield of pyrolytic oil.

The amount of end-of-life electrical and electronic devices has been widely increased, globally. This emphasizes how recycling waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) is essential in order to reduce the amount of WEEE that is disposed of directly in the environment. Plastics account for a big percentage in WEEE, almost 20%. As a result, the application of recycling methods on plastics gathered from WEEE is of great importance since, in this way, landfill disposal can be reduced. Nevertheless, despite the advantages, there are a lot of difficulties, such as the variety of different plastics present in the plastic mix and the existence of various additives in the plastic parts, for instance, brominated flame retardants that need special attention during their treatments, which restricts their wide application. Considering all these, this review aims to provide readers with all the current techniques and perspectives that are available for both the thermal and the catalytic recycling of plastics retrieved from WEEE. Apart from the up-to-date information on the recycling methods, in this review, emphasis is also given on the advantages each method offers and also on the difficulties and the limitations that may prevent them from being applied on a large scale. Current challenges are critically examined, including the use of mechanical or thermo-chemical recycling, the treatment of individual polymers or polymer blends and the separation of harmful additives before recycling or not. Finally, emerging technologies are briefly discussed.

This paper presents the results of investigations into the pyrolysis of waste polypropylene in a laboratory fixed-bed batch reactor. The experiments were designed and verified in such a way as to allow the application of the response surface methodology (RSM) in the development of an empirical mathematical model that quantifies the impacts mentioned above. The influence of the mass of the raw material (50, 100, and 150 g) together with the reactor temperature (450, 475, and 500 °C) and the reaction time (45, 50 and 75 min) was examined. It has been shown that the mass of the raw material, i.e., the filling volume of the reactor, has a significant influence on the pyrolysis oil yield. This influence exceeds the influence of reactor temperature and reaction time. This was explained by observing the temperature change inside the reactor at three different spots at the bottom, middle, and top of the reactor. The recorded temperature diagrams show that, with greater masses of feedstock, local overheating occurs in the middle part of the reactor, which leads to the overcracking of volatile products and, from there, to an increased formation of non-condensable gases, i.e., a reduced yield of pyrolytic oil.

Here we report on kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of polymer blends based on incremental isoconversional method coupled with mathematical deconvolution of thermogravimetric curves based on Fraser - Suzuki peak function. The measured kinetic envelope was decomposed into contributions approximately corresponding to degradation of each constituent of a polymer blend. Kinetic parameters from isoconversional analysis were further used for estimating the effect of blending on thermal stability of the constituents. Compared to routinely used parameters such as degradation onset temperature or DTG-peak temperature, the deconvolution analysis allows to determine stability of all components in a mixture regardless of their relative content. Here we also show that deconvolution analysis can be carried out directly on integral alpha ( T ) curves, thus bypassing the work with differential data d alpha / dt . Isoconversional analysis of deconvoluted alpha ( T ) curves allows to calculate various parameters for assessing the potentially accelerating or inhibiting effect on thermal degradation, for example, by means of decomposition half-time t 0.5 . The results can be made more robust by utilizing relative criteria for stability such as t 0.5 (blend)/ t 0.5 (neat polymer). Using this approach, detrimental effect of PHBV and PBAT on thermal stability of PLA above 300 degrees C was confirmed. On the other hand, stability of PHBV in both binary and ternary mixtures was improved compared to neat polymer.

The molar heat capacity of 1,4-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)butane bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide dicationic ionic compound ([C4(MIm)2][NTf2]2) has been studied over the temperature range from 6 to 350 K by adiabatic calorimetry. In the above temperature interval, this compound has been found to form crystal, liquid, and supercooled liquid. For [C4(MIm)2][NTf2]2, the temperature of fusion T°fus = (337.88 ± 0.01) K has been determined by the fractional melting experiments, the enthalpy of fusion ΔfusH° = (52.79 ± 0.28) kJ mol−1 has been measured using the calorimetric method of continuous energy input, and the entropy of fusion ΔfusS° = (156.2 ± 1.7) J K−1 mol−1 has also been evaluated. The standard thermodynamic functions of the studied dicationic ionic compound, namely, the heat capacity Cp°(T), the enthalpy [H°(T) − H°(0)], the entropy S°(T) and the Gibbs free energy [G°(T) − H°(0)] have been calculated on the basis of the experimental data for the temperature range up to 350 K. The results have been discussed and compared with those available in the literature and in the NIST Ionic Liquids Database (ILThermo) for monocationic ionic compounds.

This study presents the first investigation of the sublimation behavior of tin tetraiodide, SnI4, using effusion-based techniques, within a low temperature range (313 K–340 K) The temperature range covered in the experiments was lower than in previously reported studies based on static methods. Knudsen Effusion Mass Loss (KEML) measurements were performed in the range of (317.1–339.6) K using effusion cells with different orifice sizes. The vapor pressures were measured in the range (0.13–1.10) Pa and were found to be independent of the orifice size. The standard molar enthalpy and Gibbs energy of sublimation at 298.15 K obtained by the Clarke and Glew fit of experimental data are (88.1 ± 0.9) kJ⋅mol−1 and (38.96 ± 0.08) kJ⋅mol−1, respectively. Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) experiments were also performed in the range (313.3–331.7) K resulting in a sublimation enthalpy value in good agreement with the KEML values and considerably higher vapor pressure values. All the vapor pressure data were also analyzed by the third-law method. A comparison of our experimental results with the literature data available for both sublimation and evaporation properties of SnI4 is reported. Additionally, ancillary DFT and ab initio calculations were performed to estimate the molecular properties of SnI4(g) and the extent of the gas-phase dissociation to SnI2 and I2.

Tetraglycidyl methylene dianiline (TGMDA) was mixed with 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDE) (in a 4:1 mass ratio) and with a stoichiometric amount of the curing agent diaminodiphenyl sulfone which was solubilized at 120 °C for 20 min in the liquid mixture TGMDA + BDE. The so obtained unfilled epoxy resin matrix, denoted as ER, was blended with glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and carbon nanotubes in suitable proportions to obtain binary and ternary mixtures. Characterization of the formulated materials was performed using different experimental techniques, such as Dynamic mechanical analysis, Thermogravimetry (TG), Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the investigation of the flame behavior was carried out by the limiting oxygen index and mass loss calorimeter measurements. Direct current measurements and investigation by Tunneling atomic force microscopy of the conductive nanodomain map allowed the evaluation of the electrical properties of the developed nanofilled systems. The TG data related to thermal decomposition of ER and its binary and ternary mixtures were processed according to isoconversional kinetic analysis by assuming a non-Arrhenian behavior of the temperature function, and lifetime prediction was estimated at suitable relatively low temperatures and possible relation between the thermal stability and the presence of each component was discussed. This method of kinetic analysis paves the way for the possibility of evaluating in a more realistic way, on the basis of thermal stability, the potential application of structural resins with primary load functions in contact with hot areas of aeronautical aircraft engines.

The present study investigates the utilization of nanoparticles based on poly-l-lactide (PLLA) and polyglycerol adipate (PGA), alone and blended, for the encapsulation of usnic acid (UA), a potent natural compound with various therapeutic properties including antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The development of these carriers offers an innovative approach to overcome the challenges associated with usnic acid’s limited aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and hepatotoxicity. The nanosystems were characterized according to their physicochemical properties (among others, size, zeta potential, thermal properties), apparent aqueous solubility, and in vitro cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the nanocarrier obtained with the PLLA-PGA 50/50 weight ratio blend showed both the lowest size and the highest UA apparent solubility as well as the ability to decrease UA cytotoxicity towards human hepatocytes (HepG2 cells). This research opens new avenues for the effective utilization of these highly degradable and biocompatible PLLA-PGA blends as nanocarriers for reducing the cytotoxicity of usnic acid.

The thermal behaviour of bathophenanthroline and bathocuproine has been studied using several techniques, namely, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. To determine their respective enthalpies of sublimation, vapor pressure measurements were carried out using different methods, such as Knudsen effusion mass loss/mass spectrometry, isothermal thermogravimetry, and a quartz crystal microbalance technique. Furthermore, the enthalpies of sublimation were determined by measuring the heat change of the sublimation process using high-temperature Calvet microcalorimetry. The results obtained in this work allowed the determination of the standard molar enthalpies of sublimation at 298.15 K, for bathophenanthroline and bathocuproine. The values obtained were (183.8 +/- 2.2) kJ & sdot;mol- 1 and (206.2 +/- 2.8) kJ & sdot;mol- 1, respectively. Additionally, the standard molar enthalpies of fusion were determined to be (30.4 +/- 0.4) kJ & sdot;mol- 1 and (26.5 +/- 1.6) kJ & sdot;mol- 1 for bathophenanthroline and bathocuproine, respectively. The analysis of the results allows a deeper understanding of the phase transition behavior for these compounds from the condensed to the gaseous phases, elucidating molecular decomposition and the inherent intermolecular forces governing the species.

This study presents the first investigation of the sublimation behavior of tin tetraiodide, SnI4, 4 , using effusion- based techniques, within a low temperature range (313-340) K. The temperature range covered in the experiments was lower than in previously reported studies based on static methods. Knudsen Effusion Mass Loss (KEML) measurements were performed in the range of (317.1-339.6) K using effusion cells with different orifice sizes. The vapor pressures were measured in the range (0.13-1.13) Pa and were found to be independent of the orifice size. The standard molar enthalpy and Gibbs energy of sublimation at 298.15 K obtained by the Clarke and Glew fit of experimental data are (88.1 +/- 0.9) kJ & sdot;mol-1 & sdot; mol- 1 and (38.96 +/- 0.08) kJ & sdot;mol-1, & sdot; mol- 1 , respectively. Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) experiments were also performed in the range (313.3-331.7) K, resulting in a sublimation enthalpy value in good agreement with the KEML values and not negligibly higher vapor pressure values. KEMS vapor pressure data were also analyzed by the third-law method. A comparison of our experimental results with the literature data available for both sublimation and evaporation properties of SnI4 4 is reported. Additionally, ancillary DFT and ab initio calculations were performed to estimate the molecular properties of SnI4(g) 4 (g) and the extent of the gas-phase dissociation to SnI2 2 and I2. 2 .

The evaporation/decomposition behavior of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl) was studied with various techniques, such as thermogravimetry (TG), Knudsen effusion mass loss (KEML), and Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS), in order to investigate the competition between the simple evaporation of the liquid as gaseous ion pairs (NIP: neutral ion pair) and the thermal decomposition releasing volatile species. TG/DSC experiments were carried out from 293 to 823 K under both He and N2 flowing atmospheres on BMImCl as well as on BMImNTf2 (NTf2: bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). Both ionic liquids were found undergoing a single step of mass loss in the temperature range investigated. However, while the BMImNTf2 mass loss was found to occur in different temperature ranges, depending on the inert gas used, the TG curves of BMImCl under helium and nitrogen flow were practically superimposable, thus suggesting the occurrence of thermal decomposition. Furthermore, KEML experiments on BMImCl (in the range between 398 and 481 K) indicated a clear dependence of the unit area mass loss rate on the effusion hole diameter, an effect not observed for the ILs with NTf2 anion. Finally, KEMS measurements in the 416–474 K range allowed us to identify the most abundant species in the vapor phase, which resulted in methyl chloride, butylimidazole, butyl chloride, and methylimidazole, which most probably formed from the decomposition of the liquid.

The present review addresses the latest findings and limitations in catalytic pyrolysis for the processing of plastic waste into valuable fuels. Compared to thermal degradation of plastics, catalytic pyrolysis provides better results in regards to the quality of the obtained liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Different types of catalysts can be used in order to improve the thermal degradation of plastics. Some of the most used catalysts are different types of zeolites (HUSY, HZSM-5, Hβ), Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), silica-alumina catalysts, or natural clays. There is a need to find affordable and effective catalysts in the aim of achieving commercialization of catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste. Therefore, this study summarizes and presents the most significant results found in the literature in regards to catalytic pyrolysis. This paper also investigates the symmetry effects of molecules on the pyrolysis process.

A marine plastic litter (MPL) sample, collected during a beach cleanup campaign, underwent thermal , catalytic pyrolyses to demonstrate that valuable hydrocarbon oil and gas can be produced from heterogeneous plastic waste, partly aged and not mechanically recyclable. A low-cost H-X zeolite lab synthesized from coal fly ash (CFA) was tested and compared with two commercial zeolites (H-USY and H-ZSM-5) commonly used in the industrial cracking field. MPL characterization revealed it is mainly composed of polyethylene and polypropylene (52 and 45 wt %, respectively) , it has ideal physicochemical properties as feed for pyrolysis processes. Thermogravimetric analyses demon-strated that catalysts can reduce the degradation temperature of MPL from 472 to 425 degrees C and from 450 to 421, 342, and 380 degrees C for H-ZSM-5, H-X/CFA, and H-USY, respectively. These results were confirmed by thermal and catalytic pyrolyses tests performed in a bench-scale reactor. All the catalytic tests were carried out at 450 degrees C with a liquid phase contact mode. In particular, H-X/CFA, avoiding tar and wax formation, produced up to 87 wt % of light oil with a high content of short chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, obtaining results very similar to those gained with the expensive commercial H-USY. For all the catalytic pyrolysis tests, the produced gases proved to be more than sufficient to sustain the process heat requirement.