The average cost of cultivating groundnuts per hectare is Rs.50315.45,with marginal farms paying the highest costs.The highest costs are for irrigation, labor, and tractors, with irrigation being the most expensive.Tractor fees, manures, fertilizers, seed, and other expenses account for 7.48, 6.74, 11.56, and 7.30 percent of total costs.Family labor negatively correlates with farm size growth.Medium farms report the highest gross income, followed by small and marginal farms.Farmer polls reveal several agricultural limitations, including uncertainty in market prices after harvesting; grazing animal problems, lack of irrigation facilities, high labor wages, and transport problems.

We measure the growth in the total factor productivity (TFP) of the Indian sugar industry from 2002–03 to 2017–18 using the stochastic frontier production approach. The TFP grew at −10% per annum on average during the study period. The growth was negative because the allocative change and scale effect declined. To arrest the negative growth, the technical change must be improved urgently, modern processing technology must be adopted on a large scale, and the pricing policy of inputs, especially production factors, must be rationalized.

Glucose-isomerase activity was optimized on ripened jackfruit pulp (Artocarpus heterophyllus). The GI action on 20% pulp extract of ripe jackfruit was investigated after it was analyzed for fructose content, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total sugar which were found 7.53 g/100g, 11.56 g/100g, 5.10 g/100g and 16.93g/100g respectively. The GI activity was found bi-directional at pH 7.0, temperature 70°C, time 120 min on 5 ml substrate with 100 mg of GI concentration. The negative value (-0.08 µmoles/min) of GI activity on 20% pulp extract indicated the reverse reaction and was found dependent on the concentration of glucose and fructose present in the jackfruit pulp which further confirmed by enriching the pulp with 10% glucose and 10% fructose. Due to the reverse direction of GI activity on jackfruit pulp, the fructose was separated from the pulp before the application of GI, leaving glucose for isomerization to get high fructose sugar. Keywords: Jackfruit; Glucose-isomerase; Glucose; Fructose; High fructose sugar.

Malnutrition is a worldwide escalating severe problem, impacting majority of the Indian population. Currently, it is difficult to meet, the nutritional requirements with a limited type of stored food as compared to the variety of freshly available food. In such a scenario incorporating, the immune-boosting nutritional ingredients in a commonly consumed food can be adopted as one of the nutritional approaches. Hence, as an alternate to fresh food, the usage of a fortified high-nutrient food products can be one of the approaches e.g., the inclusion of fortified pasta in meals. Moringa oleifera is a fast-growing underutilized tree with high nutritional value. Its leaves are rich sources of bioactive components, vitamin A, vitamin C and Iron. Fortification of pasta products with Moringa oleifera leaf powder can be one of the cost-effective approaches and, a best immunity booster supplement for enhancing the nutritional value of pasta-based products which can be stored for several months. In current study, the preparation of pasta fortified with varying concentrations of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP) was attempted, followed by its cooking quality analysis (cooking time, cooking weight, cooking loss and water absorption) and sensory attributes evaluation (based on 9 points hedonic scale including the colour, taste, texture, flavour and overall acceptability). The results from the qualitative as well as quantitative analysis suggest that the fortification of pasta with Moringa oleifera leaves differentially modified the sensory characteristics of the pasta in a concentration-dependent manner. The present study indicates that the fortification of pasta with Moringa oleifera leaf powder can act as a natural immune booster, and has the potential to reduce the probability of microbial infections.Keywords: Bioactive Components, Fortification, Moringa oleifera, Pasta.

Article History Published Online: 14 November 2020 An experiment was conducted on 24 genotypes for 12 characters to estimate the variability, character association and path analysis for yield and yield contributing components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). As per analysis of variance character plant height, number of tillers/plant, spike length, awn length, grain yield/plant and biological yield/plant were found to be promising for further selection. Grain yield shows highly significant positive correlation with number of tillers/plant, number of spikelet/spike and harvest index, revealed by correlation analysis. Whereas, as per path coefficient analysis spike length shows highest positive direct effect on grain yield followed by number of tillers/plant, 100 grains weight, days to maturity, awn length, plant height, number of spikelet/spike, harvest index, days to flowering, biological yield/plant and number of grains/spike. Genotypes WP-710/1, HD-3128, TALL-2, DBW-730 and TALL-3 are found to be promising for character grain yield and can be selected for future hybridization program.

This research provides insights into the mobile use pattern of the farmers, changes in information sources used by the farmers after adaptation of ICT, and farmers” perception about the mobile app for grapes crop. Study was carried out with 700 grapes growers from Sangli and Nashik districts of Maharashtra state of India. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was used for analysis of sources of information while principle component analysis used to delineate the important beneficial factors of mobile app perceived by the farmers. In mobile use pattern, more number of farmers were using and spending time on use of Whats app and Facebook. Television was replaced by the mobile internet as top source of information after adoption of mobile app by the farmers. Economic and social benefits; improving input efficiency and output quality; and increase in social capital were the important dimensions of the benefits perceived by the farmers. Low internet speed and irregular network coverage were the important constraints faced by the farmers while using mobile app. Thus, with the use of ICT, there is change in the pattern of information sources use and information search by the farmers; such process of behavioural change may be considered while introduction of new technology to the farmers.

The present investigation was carried out with an objective of assessing the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for thirteen quantitative characters and interrelationship among them. Thirty-six wheat genotypes were evaluated in RBD with three replications. The ANOVA revealed highly significant variation among the genotypes, indicating the presence of ample amount of variability which can be exploited for selection of characters for crop improvement programme. GCV was observed highest in case of days to emergence followed by biological yield and awn length. Characters with high estimates of variance like plant height, number of grains per spike, harvest index and biological yield can be considered in selection for improvement of the crop species. Heritability in broad sense was observed highest for hundred grain weight followed by days to emergence and length of spike, whereas, genetic Advance as a percent of mean was found maximum in case of days to emergence followed by biological yield and awn length. Grain yield showed highly significant positive correlation with biological yield and significant positive correlation with harvest index however it showed significant and negative corr. with tillers per plant. On the basis of study, the most promising donors for grain yield were found viz., WP710/17, TALL-2, WP705/17 and WP708/17. These genotypes can be used for further breeding programme to improve the yield potential of the variety.

Variability, correlation and path analysis were worked out for ten characters from the study of fifty genotypes of bread wheat collected form India and Mexico under irrigated conditions. Variability was high for traits like spikes per plant and grain yield per plant, which could be exploited in selection of superior genotypes. Less influence of environment was observed for characters like days to flowering, days to maturity and plant height. Grain yield recorded high GCV but showed low heritability and genetic advance. Spikes per plant, grains per spike, plant height- and harvest index showed significant positive correlation with grain yield, whereas, spikes per plant and grains per spikes showed high positive direct effect on grain yield. The study suggested that spikes per plant, grains per spike and harvest index must be given perference in selection along with optimum plant height arid dciys to floweririg to select superior types under irrigated conditions in wheat.

The present study was undertaken to estimate correlation coefficients among 22 yield components and quality characters in thirty rice (Oriza sativa L.) genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated in RBD and ANOVA results revealed the highly significant mean sum of squares among the genotypes for all the characters. Highest significant positive genotypic as well as phenotypic correlation was found between traits 100 kernel weight and 100 grain weight whereas, highest significant negative genotypic correlation was found between characters water absorbed by 10gm kernel and 100 grain weight, whereas, highest significant negative phenotypic correlation was found between characters grain weight per plant and days to maturity. Highest significant positive phenotypic correlation was found between traits 100 kernel weight and 100 grain weight. Grain weight per plant showed highly significant positive correlation with hulling %, kernel breadth before cooking, kernel breadth after cooking, breadth increase ratio after cooking and water absorbed by 10 gm kernel; significant positive association with peduncle length and flag leaf length. These characters could be utilized as indices of selection for future breeding programme.

Rice occupies about 23.3% of gross cropped area and contributes 43% of total food grain production and 46% of the total cereal production of the country. India ranks second in production next to China among the rice growing countries in the world. The systematic breeding programme involves the steps like creating genetic variability practicing selection and utilization of selected genotypes to evolve promising varieties. The development of high yielding rice cultivars is the main objective of any rice breeding programmes in the world.

The present study was undertaken with an objective of estimation of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance for yield components and quality parameters among thirty aromatic rice genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated in RBD and ANOVA results revealed the highly significant mean sum of squares among the genotypes for all the characters. PCV and GCV estimates were found high for almost all the traits of interest except for days to maturity, hulling percent and 100 kernel weight after cooking. High heritability was registered for all the traits except hulling percent, coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean for all characters except days to maturity, 100 kernel weight after cooking and hulling percent, which indicates that these characters are largely controlled by additive gene action.

In recent days we have been using many devices equipped with LED in one or other way, as display or light sources. These sources have large contribution of UV emission in their total emission of light. This adds the amount of UV radiations and its effect which we have already faced during the exposure of sun. To protect not only the human body, skin and eyesight, but also some essential surfaces of exteriors, plastic roof, we need some protecting film/materials that can absorb UV part from light radiation. Already aware of the harm that UV-A and UV-B rays from sun cause to the biotic components of the ecosystem, researchers and scientists have started seriously working in developing some films using polymer nanocomposites or nanomaterials which have improved tranceparancy, flexibility, durability features. Mainly concentrating on UV shielding applications, the article talks about various nanoparticles prominently used in the said purpose, namely CeO2, TiO2, ZnO, MnO2 and graphene oxide. Along with their respective synthesis methods, particle size, band gap, other experimental results have been highlighted. Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with the assistance of fungus and bacteria also finds mention which is significant in reducing our dependence on chemicals. Hexagon shaped pristine and Al doped ZnO nanodisks (NDs) with exposed +/- [0001] polar facets successfully synthesized with absolute ethanol: water system as dual solvent mixture show exceptionally good absorbance of 99% in UV range upto 390 nm. It also emphasizes upon the importance of the synergistic effect of the incorporated nanoparticles & the matrix material used and the conversion of cellulose acetate matrix into cellulose acetate naphthoate in order to enhance its service life in the commercial anti-UV applications. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Innovations in Clean Energy Technologies.

The present investigation was aimed at estimating correlation and path coefficients using observations on 22 yield components and quality characters in thirty rice (Oriza sativa L.) genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated in RBD and ANOVA results revealed the highly significant mean sum of squares among the genotypes for all the characters. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield showed highly significant and positive correlation with flag leaf length, number of grains per panicle, 100 grain weight, 100 kernel weight, kernel length after cooking and kernel elongation ratio. Path coefficient analysis revealed that 100 grain weight, 100 kernel weight after cooking, hulling%, number of grains per panicle and flag leaf length exerted high positive direct effect on grain yield and 100 grain weight, grain weight per panicle had negative direct effect towards grain yield. These relationships may be helpful in crop improvement, if selection favours high grain yield then the remaining characters which are positively associated will be automatically improved. The path-coefficient analysis helps to understand the causal factor better, because it divides total effects of paired traits into direct and indirect effects via other characters. These characters could be utilized as indices of selection for future breeding programme.

The present study was conducted to elucidate character association among yield components and quality parameters utilizing the data recorded on thirty rice genotypes for twenty-two characters. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield showed significant and positive correlation with tiller per meter, water absorb by 10g kernel, kernel breadth after cooking and breadth increase ratio after cooking. It showed significant and negative correlation with 100 grain weight, 100 kernel weight and plant height. Grain weight per panicle showed significant positive correlation with, 100 grain weight and 100 kernel weight. 100 grain weight showed highly significant and positive correlation with 100 kernel weight, kernel length before cooking and kernel breadth before cooking. kernel length after cooking, L:B. ratio and 100 kernel weight after cooking, while it showed highly significant and negative correlation with kernel elongation ratio and water absorb by 10g kernel. Therefore, we observed that morphological traits reflected positive as well as negative association with quality parameters, hence, careful selection required in enhancing characters that are negatively associated.

The experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield components and quality parameters among thirty aromatic rice genotypes. High PCV and GCV for Grain weight per plant, days to 50% flowering, tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, breadth increase ratio after cooking, kernel breadth after cooking, L:B ratio and water absorb by 10 g kernel suggested ample scope of selection for these traits. In this study, preponderance of additive genetic control was revealed as high heritability and high genetic advance were observed for grain yield along with 18 yield components and qualitycharacters. SKG 2017-51 was exhibited high mean values for quality characters along with dwarfness, high 100 grain weight and 100 kernel weight, suggesting its use in future breeding programme as a donor. SKG 2017-84, SKG 2017-78, SKG 2017-81 and SKG 2017-85 were also identified as donor for high grain weight per plant, high hulling (%), minimum kernel breadth before cooking (fine grain) and high tillers per plant, respectively.

Rice is most important food crop of India and grown in different regions with differential consumer preferences for grain size, shape, aroma and cooking qualities. Therefore, crop improvement in rice not only focused on yield but also to enhance quality. Hence the present investigation was carried out with an objective of assessing the character association among twenty-two morphological and quality characters of thirty basmati rice (Oryza sativa L) genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that Seed yield was significantly and positively associated with days to maturity (0.330**), number of tillers per plant (0.434**), number of grains per panicle (0.358**), grain weight per panicle (0.410**), and flag leaf length (0.258*). The days to maturity exhibited a significant positive correlation with plant height, panicle length, grain weight per plant, kernel length before cooking, kernel length after cooking and L: B ratio. Tiller per plant reflected the positive and significant association with a number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle and grain weight per plant. Flag leaf length showed a significant positive correlation with a number of grains per panicle and grain weight per plant, while Grains per panicle was positively and significantly associated with grain weight per panicle, grain weight per plant and kernel breadth before cooking. Grain weight per panicle exhibited a significant positive association with grain yield per plant (0.410**), kernel breadth before cooking (0.381**), 100 grain weight (0.240*) and 100 kernel weight (0.210*). These characters could be utilized to form a selection index for improvement of the basmati rice.

This paper presents a new Integrated Farming System (IFS) ver. 1.1 model and data that could meet the needs of growing community of end-users exemplified by set of potato crop growers. This farm simulation model was used to analyse the effects of nutrient amendment, pond soil on yield of potato and effect of climatic parameters like sunshine and rainfall on crop performance which was then used to calibrate the model for experimental field of institute’s experimental site. Using data the model was validated over next year crop cycle at the farm scale. This study also deals with the discussion that how the integrated farming system (IFS) ver. 1.1 model is developed simulating the situations faced by farmers of western Uttar Pradesh with desired technological modifications needed to boost the farmers’ productivity and profitability on sustainable basis. By management practices which are in control and practically feasible by farmers for example: like date of sowing and application of non-chemical nutrient amendments, farmers can earn better net profitability with lesser annual cost of cultivation with overall holistic benefit- cost ratio. The results reveal that technological interventions on the basis of land use planning; the system can fetch better gains and livelihood through their farms. This model can act as an innovative tool to transform less remunerative farm production systems into highly remunerative systems using available farm resources to generate better farm gains on sustainable basis. Suggested model can also be useful in teaching processes involved in the system and its behaviour in response input variables.

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

India is the world's largest producer and consumer of a wide variety of pulses which is dominated by tropical and sub-tropical crops such as chickpea, black gram, red gram (pigeon pea), green gram (Mungbean), lentil and so on. The world pulse production, area and yield during 2013 was 73 million tonnes (MT), in nearly 80.8 million ha and 904 kg ha-1 respectively (FAOSTAT 2015). In India, production of pulses is around 19.3 million tonnes from 26.3 million ha (ESI 2015) with a very low average productivity of 764 kg/ha. India has witnessed an impressive growth in pulses production during last 5 years. The overall productivity of pulses increased to an impressive 786 kg ha-1 during 2012- 13 as compared to 577 kg ha-1during 2004-05. The credit goes to the improved varieties and production of breeder seed and schemes launched by the government to promote pulses cultivation. Pulses are rich sources of protein and energy but largely cultivated under energy starved conditions, mostly on marginal and sub-marginal land and more than three-fourth of the area under pulses is still rainfed resulting in poor crop productivity (Choudhary, 2013). Green revolution also adversely affected the acreage of pulses causing displacement by rice-wheat cultivation leading to shift of pulse crops in marginal dry lands in the country resulting in decline in the yield of pulses during last few decades. Pulses crop being rich in protein are loved by pests and Blue Bulls (Neelgais). They are also extremely sensitive to heat and cold, besides they are slow crop. All these factors contribute in high fluctuations in yield. To analyse trend and instability tolls like Cumulative Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) and Cuddy-Della Valle Index (CDVI) is employed. To accomplish the objective of import demand analysis to compute long run elasticity of determinant Stock Watson Dynamic OLS has been used. It has been found that import demand for pulses is determined by income, price and urbanization. Results indicate that import price of total pulses has no statistically significant impact on import demand for total pulses. It is important for policymakers to understand that abolishing the existing constraints on imports will not have a major impact on total pulse imports, because the pulse economy is rather weak to respond to market signals in India.