The use of appearance-related social media, especially so-called fitspiration content, is associated with increased body dissatisfaction in women. Despite the harmful effects of such content, there are few prevention and intervention approaches to support women in dealing with the negative impact of social media on body satisfaction. In particular, previous studies show that women with eating disorders are increasingly exposed to such appearance-related media content, but so far, they have been widely neglected in research. Therefore, the four-week online group training program Body Image Booster (BIBo) was developed to improve the functional use of social media in women with eating disorder symptoms. To facilitate the application of BIBo in therapeutic practice, this article provides a detailed description of the application of the BIBo training and of its contents, which include psychoeducation, media literacy, dissonance-based strategies based on active criticism of internalized beauty ideals, and methods designed to draw attention to the functionality of the body. The efficacy of BIBo was demonstrated in a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT). Among other findings, the RCT showed a reduction in eating disorder symptoms and reactivity to fitspiration content, as well as a reduction in unfavorable social comparisons, in participants of the BIBo training. As such, BIBo is suitable for complementing established cognitive-behavioral interventions in eating disorder treatment by providing strategies for dealing with social media.

OBJECTIVE:This study examined everyday exposure to fitspiration, thinspiration, body positivity, and body neutrality content on image-based social media and its associations with body image, mood, self-esteem, and disordered eating behavior using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in women with and without eating disorders. METHOD:Women with self-reported anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa (n = 62) and women without eating disorders (n = 81) reported their social media use, mood, body image, self-esteem, appearance comparisons, and disordered eating behavior via a smartphone app for 7 days. RESULTS:Viewing fitspiration and thinspiration content was significantly associated with lower happiness, higher body dissatisfaction, and lower body appreciation, but not with daily-reported restrained eating. Only thinspiration content was significantly associated with higher sadness and lower self-esteem. Upward appearance comparisons mediated the associations of exposure to fitspiration and thinspiration content with all outcomes. Except for higher body appreciation after viewing body neutrality content, there were no main effects of body positivity and body neutrality. Compared to women without eating disorders, those with self-reported anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa showed a greater reduction in self-esteem after viewing thinspiration. DISCUSSION:The results highlight the possible detrimental effects of exposure to fitspiration and thinspiration content on mood, body image, and self-esteem in women with and without self-reported anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa alike, while only body neutrality content was related to higher body appreciation. Women with and without eating disorders should be educated about the possible negative influences of content purporting to improve one's appearance.

Kognitiv-behaviorale Modelle der Krankheitsangststörung (KAS) postulieren, dass körperbezogenes Kontrollverhalten („Body Checking“, BC) kurzfristig Angst reduziert, langfristig aber zur Aufrechterhaltung der Störung beiträgt. Diese Annahmen wurden unter natürlichen Alltagsbedingungen bislang nur unzureichend empirisch geprüft. Untersuchung kurz- und längerfristiger Effekte von BC als Sicherheitsverhalten im Alltag bei Personen mit KAS. In zwei Feldstudien wurden bei Personen mit KAS und gesunden Kontrollpersonen Veränderungen emotionaler, kognitiver und psychopathologischer Zustände untersucht. In Studie 1 (N = 67) erfolgte die Erfassung unmittelbar vor, während und nach spontanen Checking-Episoden im Alltag sowie in Kontrollsituationen ohne BC. In Studie 2 (N = 30) wurde die individuelle Checking-Frequenz in einem experimentellen Cross-over-Design jeweils 3 Tage lang beibehalten oder gezielt erhöht. Zustandsmaße wurden vor und nach jeder Bedingung erhoben. Spontanes BC war mit akuten Anstiegen negativer Zustände verbunden, die während des Checkings einen Peak erreichten und anschließend abnahmen, jedoch gegenüber Kontrollsituationen erhöht blieben (p < 0,001, ηp2 ≥ 0,009). Eine experimentelle Erhöhung der Checking-Frequenz ging bei Personen mit KAS mit erhöhtem negativem Affekt einher (p = 0,04, η2G = 0,01), insbesondere Hilflosigkeit (p = 0,01). Die Befunde sprechen teilweise für eine kurzfristig emotionsregulierende Funktion des BC relativ zum während des Checking erreichten Belastungsmaximum, weisen jedoch zugleich auf akute Anstiege emotionaler Belastung und zusätzliche negative Effekte bei erhöhter Frequenz hin, während mögliche entlastende Effekte bei gewohnter Frequenz eher vorübergehender Natur sein könnten.

Augmented reality beauty filters (ARB) have gained popularity on social media platforms, raising concerns about their potential to exacerbate appearance concerns. To explore these risks, this experimental study examined multimodal state effects of viewing unmodified, vs. ARB-modified, “self” or “other” images, implementing a novel free-viewing paradigm in a sample varying in appearance concerns.N = 91 participants identifying as women were randomized to one of four conditions in which they viewed counterbalanced sequences of unmodified, vs. ARB-modified, facial photos of their own, vs. a confederate face. Before and after trials, we assessed state affect, body dissatisfaction, degree of conviction about being unattractive, and self-esteem. We further explored the effect of model-congruent trait predictors (i.e., BDD symptoms and social comparison tendencies) on image exposure response.Results revealed increases in state body dissatisfaction and conviction about being unattractive following exposure to “other” faces modified by the “Teenage Look”, vs. “Bold Glamour”, filter. Trait BDD symptoms and upward appearance comparison did not predict differential responses to ARB.Taken together, these findings suggest that youth-promoting ARB might induce maladaptive cognitive-affective responses even after brief exposure. Future research should replicate and expand these findings to inform efforts toward platform regulation, prevention and intervention programs for appearance-related social media use.

Zusammenfassung Angesichts der starken Auswirkungen des Körperbildes auf die psychische Gesundheit sind zuverlässige und valide Messinstrumente von großer Bedeutung. Derzeit existiert keine validierte deutsche Version der Body Image States Scale (BISS), sodass in der vorliegenden Studie die BISS, ein Maß für das momentane (state-like) Körperbild, ins Deutsche übersetzt und psychometrisch evaluiert werden sollte. In einer Online-Studie (n=548 weiblich, n=41 männlich, n=36 nicht-binär/agender) wurden die Faktorenstruktur, Reliabilität und Validität der deutschsprachigen Versionen der BISS untersucht. Um die State-Sensitivität der BISS experimentell zu prüfen, wurden Teilnehmende zufällig einer Bedingung zugeordnet, in der sie sich entweder ein für das Körperbild positives, ein negatives oder kein Szenario vorstellen sollten. Eine Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse deutete auf eine einfaktorielle Struktur der BISS hin. Die deutschsprachige Version wies eine gute interne Konsistenz auf, die State-Sensitivität konnte bestätigt werden, außerdem zeigte die BISS eine gute Konvergente Validität mit Maßen der Körperzufriedenheit und den Symptomen von Essstörungen. Insgesamt zeigte die BISS gute psychometrische Kennwerte, was ihre Eignung für den Einsatz in Forschung und klinischer Praxis im deutschsprachigen Raum nahelegt. Die Verfügbarkeit einer validierten deutschen BISS ermöglicht eine genauere Erfassung momentaner Schwankungen des Körperbildes in klinischen und Forschungssettings.

Bulimia nervosa is a severe mental disorder associated with several physical and mental health complications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of existing theoretical models regarding the development and maintenance of bulimia nervosa. A second aim is to develop a synthesis to allow for a more complete understanding of bulimia nervosa, which may help to develop and refine interventions in the future. PsycInfo, PubMed, PSYNDEX, Scopus, and Google Scholar will be searched for studies presenting models of bulimia nervosa. Topic modeling will be used to gain initial insights into related factors. Additionally, two independent expert reviewers will screen the literature and select models of bulimia nervosa as well as associated datasets for additional empirical analyses. In the case of discrepancies, a third reviewer will be consulted. The similarities between the identified models of bulimia nervosa will be summarized in a narrative synthesis. Depending on the number of identified models and available datasets, models will be tested using existing datasets. The review seeks to summarize existing models regarding the development and maintenance of BN. The results could be used as a starting point for developing adequate models, testing these models, and subsequently using them to inform evidence-based intervention programs in the future. This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 30.09.2024 (CRD42024581179).

Objective Given the strong impact of body image on mental health, reliable and valid assessment tools are crucial. Currently, there is no validated German version of the Body Image States Scale (BISS), a measure of momentary (state-like) body image. Therefore, the present study aimed to translate the BISS into German and to psychometrically evaluate this German version. Method An online study (n=548 female, n=41 male, n=36 non-binary/agender) was conducted to assess the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the German-language version of the BISS. To experimentally examine state sensitivity, participants were randomly assigned to imagine a positive body image-related scenario, a negative body image-related scenario, or no scenario. Results A confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor structure of the BISS. the German-language version demonstrated good internal consistency, state sensitivity, and convergent validity with measures of body satisfaction and eating disorder symptoms. Discussion Overall, the BISS exhibited favorable psychometric properties, suggesting its suitability for use in research and clinical practice within German-speaking contexts. The availability of a validated German BISS facilitates a more accurate assessment of momentary body image fluctuations in clinical and research settings.

Evidence suggests gender differences in body checking, a behavior proposed to maintain body image disturbance, which has been insufficiently studied in men. In this naturalistic experimental study in Germany, a nonclinical male sample (N = 105) first completed an online survey including traitlike measures of psychopathology and body image. After a baseline assessment of participants' habitual daily amount of body checking, participants were instructed to check their bodies for 3 days at their typical frequency and for 3 days at a threefold increased frequency, in randomized order. Before and after both conditions, participants completed online outcome measures of eating disorder symptomology, body dissatisfaction, affect, and self-esteem. No overall effects were found across conditions. Nevertheless, four regression models predicting the expected detrimental changes significantly improved when predictors beyond the respective prescore were included: Preexisting eating disorder psychopathology predicted increased drive for thinness in both conditions, as well as increased bulimic symptomology and negative affect in the increased condition. Additionally, in the increased condition, less hope for (physical) perfection predicted greater drive for thinness, while increased negative affect was predicted by greater worry about (physical) imperfection and by a male-specific self-report measure of body checking. This first experimental manipulation of body checking frequency in men does not suggest a generally harmful impact on psychopathological or emotional outcomes. However, findings indicate an elevated risk of negative longer term effects in vulnerable individuals, warranting studies in (sub)clinical male samples with varying levels of body image disturbance examined over longer time periods.

Background Cognitive-behavioral models of illness anxiety disorder (IAD) propose that body checking (BC) reduces anxiety in the short term but contributes to disorder maintenance in the long term. These assumptions have rarely been examined under naturalistic conditions. Objective Investigation of short- and longer-term effects of BC as a safety behavior in daily life among individuals with IAD. Material and methods Two field studies examined changes in emotional, cognitive and psychopathological states in individuals with IAD and healthy controls. In study 1 (N = 67) states were assessed immediately before, during and after spontaneous checking episodes and control situations without BC. In study 2 (N = 30) individual checking frequency was either maintained or experimentally increased for three days each in a crossover design. State measures were assessed before and after each condition. Results Spontaneous BC was associated with acute increases in negative states that peaked during BC and subsequently decreased, but remained elevated compared to control situations ( p < 0.001, eta p2 >= 0.009). Experimental increased checking frequency was associated with higher negative affect among individuals with IAD (p = 0.04, eta 2G = 0.01), particularly helplessness (p = 0.01). Conclusion The findings partially support a short-term emotion-regulating function of BC relative to the peaked distress during BC. However, BC was also associated with acute increases in emotional distress and, at higher frequencies with a further increase in negative effects, whereas potential relieving effects with habitual frequency could be of a more transient nature.

Background: Body checking (BC) is widespread among healthy populations and in individuals with eating disorders (EDs), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and illness anxiety disorder (IAD). Etiological models of these three disorders originate from research on obsessive-compulsive disorder and propose a short-term reduction of negative affect after BC. However, as empirical evidence shows a heterogenous pattern regarding the reduction of negative affect, the primary objective of this study was to test the etiological models in a cross-over laboratory experiment. Method: After induction of negative affect, N = 102 healthy females underwent a 10-min BC task, in which they were randomly assigned to perform ED-, BDD-, or IAD-related BC, and a 10-min control checking condition of checking the characteristics of two vases. Before and after each task, participants completed state questionnaires on affect and disorder-specific pathology. Results: The results revealed increased negative affect and disorder-specific pathology from before to after BC, but a reduction of these variables after the control checking condition. Conclusion: Thus, contrary to expectation, the theory explaining reduced negative affect in compulsive checking may not directly be applicable to ED-, BDD-, and IAD-related BC in healthy populations, thus providing evidence of the dysfunctionality of BC in the short term.

Societal pressure to conform to prevailing beauty standards remains a key factor in the development of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4R) is an internationally established instrument to assess internalized beauty ideals and perceived pressure to meet these ideals. A validated German-language version has not yet been available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the gender-specific German versions of the SATAQ-4R.An online study was conducted to examine the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of the German version of the SATAQ-4R. A total of N=670 participants (n=461 female, n=200 male, n=4 non-binary */agender *, n=5 other or unclear gender identity) were included in the study, with a subsample (n=399) being re-examined to assess test-retest reliability.Confirmatory factor analyses indicated a moderate model fit for the proposed factor structure. The internal consistencies ranged from acceptable to very good, and the test-retest reliability can also be considered acceptable. Further, the SATAQ-4R showed significant positive correlations with measures of eating disorder symptoms and drive for thinness, and significant negative correlations with drive for muscularity and self-esteem.Overall, the German translation of the SATAQ-4R represents a reliable and valid instrument to assess internalized beauty ideals and perceived pressure to conform to these ideals, and can thus be recommended for use in both research and practice.

BACKGROUND:The dissemination of evidence-based techniques is critical for the successful treatment of eating disorders in clinical practice. A growing number of studies suggests that body exposure is an effective technique to treat body image disturbance in eating disorders. However, the dissemination of body exposure among psychotherapists in clinical practice remains unclear. METHODS:An online survey was conducted among licensed psychotherapists in Germany. The dissemination of body exposure in clinical practice, psychotherapists' characteristics (such as clinical training, attitudes towards exposure, confidence), and therapists' experiences with benefits and side-effects of body exposure were assessed. RESULTS:Data of 230 psychotherapists were analysed. More than half of them (58.3%) applied body exposure in their clinical practice. Yet, body exposure was only offered to 37.3% of their eating disorder patients. Moreover, 56.7% of psychotherapists delivering body exposure indicated that they have not received any training in this technique. Self-reported confidence in delivering body exposure correlated significantly with the number of patients treated with body exposure. Psychotherapists who applied body exposure reported minor side-effects and that the majority of their patients profited from this technique. CONCLUSIONS:Our results offer insights into the dissemination of body exposure in clinical practice in Germany. Overall, body exposure is still underused considering the empirical evidence demonstrating the potential of body exposure to treat body image disturbances effectively. Moreover, with regard to potential barriers of using body exposure, our data suggest that training opportunities for clinicians may facilitate the dissemination of this technique in clinical practice.

Although previous research has demonstrated biased body-related attention allocation in female adolescents, there is a lack of studies examining these patterns in male adolescents. Considering the growing body of evidence highlighting high levels of body dissatisfaction among male adolescents and findings that biased body-related attention perpetuates such dissatisfaction, this study aims to address this research gap. Eye movements of German male adolescents (n = 42; age: M = 14.88 years, SD = 1.70) and female adolescents (n = 43; age: M = 15.85, SD = 1.77) were recorded as they viewed images of their own body and a peer’s body. State measures of body dissatisfaction and affect were also collected for each condition. Results showed that boys, compared to girls, spent less time fixating on unattractive areas of their own body. Furthermore, boys allocated equal attention to attractive and unattractive areas of both their own and a peer’s body, while girls exhibited a more deficit-oriented attention pattern. Regarding state measures, boys were less negatively affected by viewing images of bodies than girls. However, both genders reported higher body dissatisfaction after viewing their own body compared to a peer’s body. Overall, these findings provide evidence of gender differences in body-related attention allocation, with boys potentially displaying a more self-serving attention pattern. Nonetheless, the negative impact of viewing one’s own body, as observed in both genders, highlights the importance of addressing body-related concerns in male adolescents, for example, through tailored prevention programs.

Der gesellschaftliche Druck bei Frauen und Männern, vorherrschende Schönheitsideale zu erfüllen, stellt einen zentralen Faktor für die Entstehung von Körperunzufriedenheit und Essstörungen dar. Der Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4R) ist ein Instrument zur Erfassung der internalisierten Schönheitsideale sowie des wahrgenommenen Drucks, diese Ideale zu erfüllen und wird international vielfach verwendet. Eine deutschsprachige, validierte Fassung liegt bisher nicht vor. Daher ist das Ziel dieser Studie, die teststatistische Überprüfung der geschlechtsspezifischen deutschsprachigen Versionen des SATAQ-4R vorzunehmen. Anhand einer Online-Studie wurden Faktorstruktur, Reliabilität und Konstruktvalidität der deutschsprachigen Versionen des SATAQ-4R untersucht. Insgesamt wurden N=670 Personen (n=461 weiblich, n=200 männlich, n=4 nicht-binär */agender *, n=5 andere oder unklare Geschlechtsidentität) in die Studie eingeschlossen, wovon eine Substichprobe erneut zur Bestimmung der Retest-Reliabilität befragt wurde (n=399). Konfirmatorische Faktoranalysen zeigten eine moderate Modellpassung der angenommenen Faktorstruktur. Die internen Konsistenzen lagen im akzeptablen bis sehr guten Bereich und auch die Retest-Reliabilität ist als akzeptabel einzuordnen. Darüber hinaus ergaben sich signifikante positive Korrelationen des SATAQ-4R mit Fragebögen zu Essstörungssymptomatik und Schlankheitsstreben sowie signifikante negative Korrelationen mit Maßen zu Muskulositätsstreben und Selbstwertgefühl. Die deutschsprachige Übersetzung des SATAQ-4R stellt ein reliables und valides Messinstrument zur Erhebung internalisierter Schönheitsideale sowie des wahrgenommenen Drucks, diese Ideale zu erfüllen, dar, sodass deren Einsatz in Forschung und Praxis empfohlen werden kann.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE: The perception of one's own body through external sensory channels, understood as exteroception, is a central component of various psychological processes and has been associated with different mental disorders. The Exteroceptive Body Awareness Questionnaire (EBA-Q) is an instrument for assessing the ability to perceive one's own body based on exteroceptive signals and to correctly evaluate changes. As no validated German-language version is currently available, the aim of the study was to psychometrically test the German-language version of the EBA-Q. Abstract:METHOD: Based on an online study (N=641; n=517 female, n=113 male, n=11 non-binary*/agender*), we examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the German-language version of the EBA-Q. After two weeks, a subsample (n=340) was surveyed again to determine test-retest reliability. Abstract:RESULTS: The originally postulated bifactorial model of the EBA-Q was not confirmed. Instead, a model with an orthogonal general factor and correlated group factors showed acceptable model fit. However, the visuo-tactile awareness subscale showed only weak to inconsistent factor loadings. Multi-group analyses between individuals with and without a mental disorder revealed no differences in the general factor, but significant differences emerged in specific group factors. Internal consistency was good and test-retest reliability proved acceptable. As expected, construct validity analyses showed correlations with measures of public body-awareness and public self-awareness. Abstract:DISCUSSION: Overall, the German-language version of the EBA-Q exhibits adequate psychometric properties. Its use in basic research and clinical practice is therefore recommended, though caution is warranted regarding the visuo-tactile body awareness subscale.

Body checking refers to the repeated evaluation of one’s own body. As a safety mechanism, it is prevalent in various mental disorders, including eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, and illness anxiety disorder. While the type and manner of body checking behavior may differ between these disorders, cognitive-behavioral models highlight similar mechanisms underlying this behavior. According to the models, body checking is assumed to arise in response to negative affect, offer immediate relief, and increase psychopathology in the longer term as a mechanism of negative reinforcement. The objective of this review is to empirically evaluate these assumptions for eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, and illness anxiety disorder. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review across four electronic databases, with N = 43 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The assumption that body checking occurs in response to negative affect was supported. However, findings regarding its short- and long-term role in maintaining negative affect were inconsistent. Therefore, our results may suggest the need to re-evaluate the etiologically proposed negative reinforcement mechanism of body checking in eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, and illness anxiety disorder. To facilitate the interpretation of study findings, future studies should distinguish between short- and long-term effects of body checking. Body checking refers to the repeated and critical evaluation of one’s body and contributes to the maintenance of eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, and illness anxiety disorder. While individuals with these disorders engage in disorder-specific checking behaviors, the cognitive-behavioral theories underlying these behaviors are similar. These theories propose that body checking arises in response to negative affect, provides short-term relief, and increases negative affect in the long term. The present literature review aims to empirically assess these theoretical assumptions across eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, and illness anxiety disorder, including N = 43 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The findings support the notion that body checking occurs in situations characterized by negative affect and contributes to increased negative affect in the long term. However, evidence regarding the short-term role of checking behavior in reducing negative affect was inconsistent, challenging the theoretical assumption of immediate relief. Our results suggest reevaluating the proposed short-term reduction in negative affect, indicating that checking behavior may not provide an immediate reduction of negative affect as previously assumed.

OBJECTIVE:Body dissatisfaction has been linked to negative and positive emotions. The validity of self-report methods to assess emotions in individuals with eating disorders is limited, prompting a shift towards methods like natural language processing to analyze speech content. Using artificial intelligence, this study aimed to identify specific body-related emotions elicited by looking at oneself in the mirror in individuals with eating disorders. METHOD:Women with anorexia nervosa (n = 24), women with bulimia nervosa (n = 36), and healthy women (n = 72) completed a three-minute mirror exposure task, verbally expressing their body-related emotions while viewing themselves in a three-winged mirror wearing underwear. N = 132 audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed using the GermanEmotions model (based on RoBERTa) to identify 28 emotions. Univariate ANOVAs and post hoc tests were conducted to identify group differences in expressed emotions. Prediction of symptom severity was analyzed across groups. RESULTS:Compared to healthy women, those with anorexia and bulimia nervosa expressed anger, disappointment, disgust, embarrassment, fear, grief, nervousness, remorse, and sadness significantly more frequently (all ds = |0.53|-|1.11|), and admiration, approval, joy, love, optimism, and pride significantly less frequently (all ds = |0.64|-|1.12|). Disgust predicted higher eating disorder symptom severity across all groups (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION:A distinct range of body-related emotions differentiates women with anorexia and bulimia nervosa from healthy women. Elicited negative emotions, especially higher disgust, and diminished positive emotions suggest that body-related interventions could benefit from fostering positive emotions instead of merely reducing negative emotions.

Ziel der Studie Die Wahrnehmung des eigenen Körpers über äußere Sinneskanäle, verstanden als Exterozeption, ist ein zentraler Bestandteil vielfältiger psychologischer Prozesse und wird mit unterschiedlichen psychischen Störungen in Verbindung gebracht. Der Exteroceptive Body Awareness Questionnaire (EBA-Q) ist ein Messinstrument zur Erfassung der Fähigkeit, den eigenen Körper anhand exterozeptiver Signale wahrzunehmen und Veränderungen korrekt einzuschätzen. Da bisher keine deutschsprachige, validierte Fassung vorliegt, war es das Ziel der Studie, eine psychometrische Überprüfung der deutschsprachigen Version des EBA-Q vorzunehmen. Methodik Auf Basis einer Online-Studie (N=641; n=517 weiblich, n=113 männlich, n=11 nicht-binär*/agender*) wurden die Faktorenstruktur, Reliabilität und Validität der deutschsprachigen Version des EBA-Q untersucht. Davon wurde erneut eine Stichprobe (n=340) zur Bestimmung der Retest-Reliabilität nach zwei Wochen befragt. Ergebnisse Das ursprünglich postulierte bifaktorielle Modell des EBA-Q konnte nicht bestätigt werden. Stattdessen zeigte ein Modell mit orthogonalem Generalfaktor und korrelierten Gruppenfaktoren eine akzeptable Modellgüte. Jedoch wies die Subskala Visuo-taktile Körperwahrnehmung nur schwache bis inkonsistente Faktorladungen auf. Multi-Gruppen-Analysen zwischen Personen mit und ohne psychische Störung ergaben keine Unterschiede auf dem Generalfaktor, jedoch fanden sich signifikante Differenzen bei spezifischen Gruppenfaktoren. Die internen Konsistenzen lagen im guten Bereich und die Retest-Reliabilität erwies sich als akzeptabel. Konstruktvaliditätsanalysen zeigten erwartungsgemäß Zusammenhänge mit Maßen des öffentlichen Körper- und Selbstbewusstseins. Diskussion Insgesamt weist die deutschsprachige Version des EBA-Q adäquate psychometrische Kennwerte auf. Die Anwendung in der Grundlagenforschung als auch in der klinischen Praxis ist daher, mit Einschränkung hinsichtlich der Subskala Visuo-taktile Körperwahrnehmung, empfehlenswert.

As exposure to fitspiration images can lead to body dissatisfaction, it is important to understand which factors contribute to this effect. Therefore, this online experiment examined possible predictors of state body dissatisfaction following fitspiration exposure. In total, n = 131 women with and without self-reported eating disorder (ED) symptoms answered questionnaires on upward comparison, ED pathology, and drive for muscularity. Participants were then presented with 30 Instagram posts reflecting the fitspiration trend. Before and after fitspiration exposure, state body dissatisfaction was assessed. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis showed that when controlling for state body dissatisfaction before fitspiration exposure as well as participants' age, upward comparison was the only significant predictor of state body dissatisfaction after fitspiration exposure. ED pathology and drive for muscularity did not predict an increase in state body dissatisfaction. Therefore, prevention programs that aim to mitigate harmful effects of fitspiration should focus on reducing upward comparison in women.