PurposeAs healthcare continues to become more expensive and complex, considering the voice of the patient in the design and operation of healthcare practices is important. Wound care and rural healthcare scenarios pose additional complexities for providers and patients. This study sought to identify key determinants of patient service quality in wound care.Design/methodology/approachPatients at the wound care/ostomy clinic (WOC) in a rural hospital were surveyed using the Kano model. The Kano model enables the categorization of quality attributes based on the attributes' contribution to the subject's overall satisfaction (and dissatisfaction). Chi-square goodness-of-fit testing, multinomial analysis and power analysis were then used to determine the Kano categories for each satisfaction-related attribute.FindingsThe analyses resulted in 14 one-dimensional attributes and 3 indeterminable attributes. For the one-dimensional attributes, customer satisfaction is directly proportional to the level of performance for that attribute. The one-dimensional attributes included providing correct care on the first, provision of necessary supplies for care, appropriately qualified medical staff and confidence in care provided by medical staff, among others. Understanding the attributes important to the patient drive patient-centered care, which improves positive patient outcomes and recovery. These attributes can then be used by healthcare professionals to design patient-centric processes and services. This research provides a framework for incorporating the voice of the patient into healthcare services.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the research methodology can be used in other healthcare settings, the findings are not generalizable to other wound care clinics. This research was conducted in one small, rural hospital. In addition, the sample size was small due to the size of the wound clinic; therefore, an analysis of the differences between demographics could not be performed.Practical implicationsConsidering the perspectives of rural wound care patients is important, as the patients are an under-served population with unique challenges related to patient care. The research findings detail rural patients' expectations during wound care treatments, which enable the clinic to focus on improving patient satisfaction. This research contributes to understanding the factors that are important to patient satisfaction in wound care. Further, the methodology presented can be applied to other healthcare settings.Originality/valueWhile studies exist using the Kano model in healthcare and the literature is sparse in rural healthcare, this is the first case study using the Kano model in wound care to understand patient preferences.

Introduction: This paper examines the safety relationships between safety culture, safety influences, safety climate, and safety outcomes for long-haul truck drivers. The relationships focus on the intersection of the electronic logging device (ELD) technology, regulations, and truck drivers that fall into the lone-worker category. Results: Through research questions, links between safety culture and safety climate were established with links between the layers. Conclusions: The implementation of the ELD system was associated with safety outcomes.

On January 1, 2020, the United States (U.S.) government implemented new regulations increasing total closed areas to bottom trawl fishing by 363,513 km2, including a net increase of 44,498 km2 in essential fish habitat conservation areas at fishable depths (<1,280 m) along the West Coast continental shelf and upper slope. At the same time, the government reopened certain bottom trawl fishing grounds originally established to rebuild overfished groundfish. In combination with previously existing conservation areas, the result of these regulations is that bottom trawl fishing is now prohibited in 90% (739,491 km2) of ocean waters in the United States West Coast Exclusive Economic Zone, including 32.6% of shelf (<200 m) depth zones and 56.0% of upper slope depth zones (200-1,280 m), with a disproportionate focus on priority habitat features that are proxies for fish habitat, sensitivity to bottom trawling, and biodiversity. The final spatial management measures include 53 new or modified habitat conservation areas closed to bottom trawling in fishable depths (<1,280 m) and a precautionary prohibition on all bottom contact fishing gears at depths greater than 3,500 m. Together the final set of habitat conservation area closures and openings result in an overall increase in coastwide protections for hard, mixed, and soft substrates; seamounts; submarine canyons; and known and predicted coral, sponge, and pennatulid locations. Finer scale analyses indicate net increases or no change in coral and sponge observations inside protected areas across all regions and depth zones, despite some reductions in total area and hard substrate protected in certain regions. Based on historic bottom trawl effort data, we estimate that the opening of previously closed areas restores 24.6% of fishing effort that was displaced by bottom trawl closures implemented prior to 2020. Here we describe the involvement and approach of the conservation organization, Oceana, to protect seafloor habitats off the United States West Coast, which included a coastwide proposal to modify conservation areas, geospatial analyses, grassroots organizing, media stories, and scientific expeditions using remotely operated vehicles. Our comparison of the new versus previous assemblage of habitat conservation areas demonstrates increased overall habitat protection and fishing opportunities throughout depths and bioregions off the United States West Coast.

Soil health is an emerging paradigm for which much research in row crop agriculture has been undertaken. Research involving grazing lands and soil health has not been as active, a feature partially attributed to (i) greater erosional rates in cropland, (ii) loss of soil organic matter and reduced soil structure attributed to annual tillage practices, (iii) cash flow from cropland is easier to visualize than the value-added nature of grazing lands, and (iv) there exists more competitive grant funding sources for croplands. Grazing lands do require soil quality augmentation and investment in soil health to optimize their ecosystem services potential. This manuscript, with an emphasis on beef cattle grazing in the central USA, attempts to survey the literature to (i) identify the influence of grazing on important ecosystem services provided by Mollisols and Alfisols, (ii) develop a listing of soil indicators that may be selected to quantify and credential soil quality, and (iii) develop guidelines that align soil indicators and changes in grazing management to support the restoration of ecosystem services.

Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a critical activity that significantly reduces lead times and uncertainty in Make-To-Stock (MTS) production systems, thereby increasing the efficiency and profit margins of the associated firm. TPM problems can be set up as semi-Markov decision processes (SMDPs) and solved optimally using classical dynamic programming (DP) on small-scale problems. However, on large industrial-scale problems, DP breaks down, and one must then resort to an artificial intelligence (AI) technique called reinforcement learning (RL). This work presents a new AI algorithm for solving SMDPs, called iSMART, an acronym for imaging Semi-Markov Average Reward Technique. iSMART requires a significantly lower modelling and computational effort than classical DP, where estimating the transition probabilities can itself be very time-consuming and mathematically challenging for large-scale problems. Further, unlike previous RL algorithms for SMDPs, iSMART does not need exploration decay. This means iSMART eliminates an additional parameter that requires significant tuning in the traditional RL-based solution approach. Modern AI based in deep learning seeks to reduce dependence on tuning parameters. iSMART is designed in this spirit for solving TPM problems in MTS production systems, where it is shown to deliver optimal solutions on small-scale problems and near-optimal ones on large-scale problems.

NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Successfully Blending Distance Students into the On-Campus Classroom Susan L. Murray, Ph.D. David Enke, Ph.D., and Sreeram Ramakrishnan, Ph.D. Engineering Management University of Missouri – Rolla Abstract As universities are increasingly embracing distance education technology, it is useful to examine the challenges and opportunities of technology in the classroom. This is especially true when the course contains on-campus local students in addition to students learning at a distance. A significant challenge commonly faced is how to remain flexible in presenting course materials while still having notes and other handouts in electronic format available before the lecture. Other challenges include creating and using lecture material that can be viewed at low resolution and low bandwidth, and getting distance students to interact with the instructor, on-campus students, and fellow distance students. Technical challenges include having the proper recording facilities, resolution of the video, clarity of the audio, and syncing of the video and audio for those distance students participating in the live lectures. Fortunately, benefits and opportunities do exist for developing distance education programs, beyond increasing student enrollment. Distance students often bring valuable insight and practical “real world” experience to the classroom discussions. The challenge, of course, both from an organizational and technical perspective, is how to incorporate this experience into the classroom environment. In this paper the authors draw upon their years of experience teaching distance education, educational research, and survey results to highlight the main issues that need to be considered in instructing hybrid class rooms, while suggesting some strategies to be incorporated into the engineering classroom. The development of techniques that can be used to facilitate the education of distance students, without taking away from the quality of the on-campus educational experience, is also a critical concern. Introduction The importance of distance education cannot be overstated, and its use as a medium for course delivery is becoming more prevalent in engineering education (Evans and Murray, 1998). In addition to enhancing the overall classroom experience, Intranets are allowing for Distance Teaching and Learning Academies, along with streaming video capabilities, to reach rural communities, both at the K-12 and college levels (Gosmire and Vondruska, 2001). The survival of rural communities may depend on technology to link members of the broader community, facilitating their education, and thereby increasing the community’s ability to attract and keep business (Musial and Kampmueller, 1996). It is likely that urban communities will also benefit.

Most of us know the rule-of-thumb that students should spend a certain number of hours outside of class studying for every hour in class.Unfortunately, students often develop the view that it is more efficient to come to class and have the instructor cover the material and then only study material that was emphasized or unclear.As faculty members this results in the dilemma of either assuming the students are not prepared and lecturing over basic material or trying to require the students to prepare.Some use readiness quizzes covering the required readings.Some try to intimidate, calling on students to motivate preparation.Various other techniques have been used to coerce students into completing reading assignments before class.In an attempt to improve the students' level of preparation and the education dynamics within class, I modified the format of a senior-level engineering management course.Key to this change was a formal commitment from the students and from me as the instructor to approach the course differently and to take certain specific actions before and during every class.This paper reports on the results of this classroom experiment.It includes surveys from student participants and a group of control students to compare differences in attitudes, behaviors, and academic results.Comparisons are also made to other sections of the same course in previous years.

NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract What New Faculty Need to Know, B Abstract A smooth transition to life at an academic institution and the surrounding community is essential to the professional careers of new faculty members. The transition begins during the hiring process and startup package negotiations. Once at an institution, aspects of academia including teaching, proposal writing, and the tenure process inevitably generate issues and concerns for new faculty members. Research has shown that mentoring new faculty members early in their academic career can have significant impact on professional success. This is especially true at a research-based institution where the demands of funded scholarship add an extra level of complexity. A survey was conducted of faculty members at Missouri University of Science & Technology (Missouri S&T) in their first three years of a tenure track appointment to determine areas of concern for new faculty members. This paper presents the survey results, discusses the issues raised by the survey, and makes recommendations for effective mentoring relationships. Specific questions for new faculty members discussed in this paper include: What to look for in a hen to for teaching? concerns. This paper evaluates issues that are critical to forming effective mentoring relationships. Guidance offered provides value to mentors in understanding which areas are of greatest concern to new faculty. It provides information to protégés as well in determining key characteristics of an effective mentor. 1 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to address the transition to life at an academic institution for new faculty members and provide tools for success to these professionals. This academic transition has common characteristics at both research-based and teaching institutions although the priorities will shift based on the primary focus of the institution. This article explores the topic from the perspective of new faculty at a research-based institution with the understanding that some issues will have general application. At a research-based institution, the transition begins during the hiring process and startup package negotiations4. Discussions with various levels of faculty members, new through emeritus, reveal that each recalls that the transition to academic life is challenging. Productivity quotas to ensure tenure at universities are increasing; it is critical that the challenging or opaque aspects of transition to an academic career are removed or made transparent. The goal of this paper is to identify the challenges facing new faculty members and provide tools to ease some of those challenges during the first critical years of faculty development. Many useful books and articles have been written on the importance of mentoring. Countless researchers have explored a variety of issues related to mentoring including how the mentor is assigned, individual vs. group mentors2, unique issues for non-majority faculty members5, and countless others. Understanding how to get assistance in a safe, comfortable environment is a key concern for new faculty members facing the challenges of launching a productive career that balances the right level of funded scholarship, effective teaching, and

Educating the Professional Engineer of 2020: The Changing Licensure RequirementsEngineering education programs would be well served to align their curriculum and programoutcomes to the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam and Professional Engineer (PE) Examspecifications. These exams are required steps in the process of becoming a licensed engineer inmost states. NCEES (the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying) is anational nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing professional licensure for engineers andsurveyors. It develops, administers, and scores these examinations used for engineeringlicensure. Starting in 2011, NCEES held a survey-creation meeting with diverse teams todevelop a draft survey containing the subjects in each discipline and establish consensus support.NCEES launched a web-based survey of technical society members, institution report recipients,deans and department heads of all EAC/ABET programs, PE and FE exam committeevolunteers, and others; more than 7,000 people completed the survey. Respondents rated theimportance of each topic area to indicate how important it is for a new engineer to haveminimum competence in that area. Based on these survey results, a set of topics and associatedweighting was proposed and approved. Starting in 2014 the various FE exams will contain someoverlapping content (e.g., mathematics and engineering economics), but there will no longer be acommon breadth portion. Each FE exam, including industrial engineering, will be a freestandingexam. The PE exam specifications have also been revised; the new specifications will be usedbeginning in 2013.This paper highlights these recent changes to the discipline-specific content of the IndustrialEngineering (IE) exams and suggests possible resulting curriculum modifications. As the IEprofession undergoes changes in its application of traditional principles and adds new areas offocus, it is timely that the FE and PE exam specifications have been revisited to reflect changingpriorities within the profession. For academic departments to stay relevant and assist industrialengineering graduates to become PE licensed, modern curriculum should stay closely aligned tothe FE and PE exam specifications. The paper concludes with a discussion of how thesespecifications have been used to assess and update academic curriculum.

Constructed wetlands are engineered structures designed to simulate processes of natural wetlands to mitigate anthropogenic organic and inorganic materials to shelter soil and water resources.This review focuses on the global interest in constructed wetland application to sustain soil health and water quality and water abundance.Engineering criterion remains a function of nutrient chemistry and load with suitability factors including the local soil and hydrogeology constraints, climate, vegetation selection, the degree of required influent improvement, and reactor types and sizes.Future research needs to focus on: 1) reactor designs criteria, 2) the biology of the microbial community, 3) selection criteria for native vegetation, and 4) criteria to reapply treated water to foster land productivity, especially for region's experiencing water deficiencies.

Interventions to educate about and reduce gender bias in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), though well-intended, may backfire. Rigorous scientific evaluation is needed to ensure that interventions produce desired effects and avoid unintended harm. We demonstrate a scientific approach to evaluating bias literacy interventions using a randomized controlled longitudinal research design. Specifically, we evaluated the efficacy of an intervention that used entertainment-education via a live theatrical performance depicting women's and men's real-life experiences of gender bias in STEM. We randomly assigned undergraduate students to either attend the performance or watch a control film (A Beautiful Mind). We found evidence that the performance increased participants' ability to take the perspective of women in STEM compared to the control condition, but no evidence that the performance achieved its main goals of increasing awareness of gender bias or motivating action to address gender bias. Instead, participants who attended the performance reported lower self-efficacy to effect change and higher levels of psychological reactance (rejection of the information) compared to those who watched the film. In addition, women in both conditions reported larger increases in identity threat and larger decreases in sense of belonging in STEM over time compared to men, indicating that the intervention did not buffer women against these negative trends. Our results suggest that good intentions are not enough to ensure desired outcomes and that interventions should be rigorously evaluated for both positive and negative effects. Doing so can help identify areas of improvement to maximize benefits and minimize potential harm.

Nitrogen transport from agriculture production fields raises the specter of environmental degradation of freshwater resources.Our objectives were to document and evaluate nitrate-N, ammonium-N, phosphorus and other nutrients emanating from a 40-ha controlled subsurface irrigation drainage technology coupled in series with a denitrification bioreactor.The intent of the denitrification bioreactor is to create an environment for anoxic microbial populations to support denitrification.We monitored the tile-drainage effluent and denitrification bioreactor water chemistry under a corn-soybean rotation to estimate the nutrient concentrations and the competence of the denitrification bioreactor to foster denitrification.Nitrate-N bearing tile drainage effluents ranged from less than 1.5 to 109 mg NO 3 -N/L, with the nitrate concentration differences attributed primarily to the: 1) timing of nitrogen fertilization for corn, 2) soil mineralization and residue decomposition, and 3) intense rainfall events.The denitrification bioreactor was highly effective in reducing drainage water nitrate-N concentrations providing the rate of water flow through the denitrification bioreactor permitted sufficient time for equilibrium to be attained for the nitrate reduction reactions.The nitrate-N concentrations entering the denitrification bioreactor ranged from 0.4 to 103 mg NO 3 -N/L in 2018, whereas the outlet nitrate concentrations typically ranged from 0.3 to 5.2 mg NO 3 -N/L in 2018.Nitrate tile-drainage effluent concentrations in 2019 were marginal, given soybeans obtain nitrogen from biological nitrogen fixation.Nutrient uptake by corn reduced the soil nitrate leaching pool and created nitrogen-bearing biomass, features important for formulating best management practices.

The current ABET guidelines place an emphasis on life-long learning for our undergraduate students.What is life-long learning?How can we encourage students to consider global issues, current events, or even anything "that isn't going to be on the next test"?In this paper we present survey results evaluating habits of undergraduate students entering an engineering management program and seniors related to life-long learning including attending professional society meetings, reading trade publications, reading business related books, and other learning outside of the classroom activities.This paper also presents a two semester effort to increase life-long learning activities among undergraduate engineering management students.Changes were made to an introductory sophomore level EM class.Students were required to participate in lifelong learning activities including reading business books and interviewing managers.These activities were graded as part of the required course.Additionally, the students were asked to identify learning activities they would complete the semester following the course -which would not be reflected in their grades.Recommendations for incorporating life-long learning initiatives in the engineering management undergraduate curriculum are also presented.

Interactive video technology has become a widely used medium for education.A prominent implementation of this technology, interactive distance learning, involves groups of students at local and remote sites connected by audio and video teleconferencing.This approach has made the task of delivering vital undergraduate and graduate engineering courses to distributed audiences much easier.As this approach has permeated more curricula, distance education instructors have increasingly assigned projects that require distance learners to work together as an element of the final course grade.This trend presents an interesting opportunity for researchers to understand the nature of interactions among course participants involved in project teams.This paper presents the results of an investigation of project leadership behaviors in the distance learning environment.Surveys were administered via online protocol to fifty-three students, comprising nineteen project teams.Results indicate that those teams led by individuals who clarified roles and task requirements, and recognized the strengths and individual needs of teams members performed better on their assigned tasks.Implications for instructors utilizing project teams in distance education, as well as traditional teams where communication technology (e.g., email) is highly relied upon, are presented.

Nitrogen transport from agriculture production fields raises the specter of environmental degradation of freshwater resources. Our objectives were to document and evaluate nitrate-N, ammonium-N, phosphorus and other nutrients emanating from a 40-ha controlled subsurface irrigation drainage technology coupled in series with a denitrification bioreactor. The intent of the denitrification bioreactor is to create an environment for anoxic microbial populations to support denitrification. We monitored the tile-drainage effluent and denitrification bioreactor water chemistry under a corn-soybean rotation to estimate the nutrient concentrations and the competence of the denitrification bioreactor to foster denitrification. Nitrate-N bearing tile drainage effluents ranged from less than 1.5 to 109 mg NO3- -N/L, with the nitrate concentration differences attributed primarily to the: 1) timing of nitrogen fertilization for corn, 2) soil mineralization and residue decomposition, and 3) intense rainfall events. The denitrification bioreactor was highly effective in reducing drainage water nitrate-N concentrations providing the rate of water flow through the denitrification bioreactor permitted sufficient time for equilibrium to be attained for the nitrate reduction reactions. The nitrate-N concentrations entering the denitrification bioreactor ranged from 0.4 to 103 mg NO3- -N/L in 2018, whereas the outlet nitrate concentrations typically ranged from 0.3 to 5.2 mg NO3- -N/L in 2018. Nitrate tile-drainage effluent concentrations in 2019 were marginal, given soybeans obtain nitrogen from biological nitrogen fixation. Nutrient uptake by corn reduced the soil nitrate leaching pool and created nitrogen-bearing biomass, features important for formulating best management practices.

NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Session 2592 Retention of Female Faculty Members Susan Murray, Mariesa Crow, Suzanna Rose University of Missouri-Rolla / University of Missouri-Rolla / Florida International University Introduction Engineering programs have struggled for years to recruit female undergraduate and graduate students (1). A similar challenge at most universities is recruiting female faculty members from the limited pool of candidates in various fields, particularly engineering and related disciplines. Many universities are becoming aware of an additional issue, the retention of these female faculty members. A recent study on the status of women faculty in science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology brought national attention to the challenges facing female faculty (2). In recent years a number of faculty members at the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) have become concerned about the status of women faculty at the university. The university made and continues to make significant efforts to recruit females to join the faculty. However, it was noticed that about half of the women hired did not stay at the university. A concerned group of female faculty united to evaluate the retention of female faculty, explore the campus climate for female faculty, and to attempt to improve the campus climate. This paper presents the results to date of this project. The University of Missouri-Rolla is a small, Midwestern university with a strong emphasis in engineering. Nearly 85 percent of the student body majors in engineering or a closely related field. The enrollment of the school is approximately 5,000 students with over 75 percent male. The average ACT score for entering freshmen is very high at nearly 28. As of 1999, the university had a total of 299 tenured and tenure-track faculty members with 26 (8.7 %) female (3). Rolla is a small rural community in central Missouri, one hundred miles from St. Louis. Local employment opportunities outside of the university for professionals are limited. Statistics Concerning Female Faculty at UMR An analysis was performed of the university’s recruitment of female faculty since 1985. UMR has hired 32 women in tenured or tenure-track positions during this 15-year period. The women are in a wide variety of academic disciplines with the vast majority being new PhDs beginning their career in academia. The many, approximately two thirds, Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright 2001, American Society for Engineering Education

Consumers’ perceptions of the terminology used on food production labels may lead to a perceived risk, which influences their grocery shopping decisions. Risk perception is the consumers’ belief that he or she may be exposed to something that is harmful or uncertain. Women are more aware of food labels due to their perceived risk associated with health and the environment. This study used Q methodology to describe a variety of viewpoints related to women’s grocery shopping decisions. Using a Q set of 36 statements, 18 women sorted based on the condition of instruction, “How do you make food decisions?” Factor scores, field notes, and post-sort interviews were used to interpret the arrays as the Frugal Shopper, the Price Conscious Shopper, and the Engaged Shopper. The Frugal Shopper was interpreted to be an economical shopper with little concern for food production methods. The Price Conscious Shopper is concerned for the effect on various production methods, but price is the main priority. The Engaged Shopper is willing to pay higher prices to have more choices when grocery shopping. Improved communication and a deeper understanding of consumers’ perceptions of food labels may help decrease the perceived risk associated with various food production methods.

A learning management system is an educational resource employed in higher education to organize, document, track, report, and deliver courses. Selecting the appropriate learning management system is a critical decision for a university. This study utilizes the voice of the student to analyze usability from the students’ perspective. The goal of this project was to gather and analyze user preferences in order to select an appropriate learning management system. Data was collected through a survey to gain understanding of student’s experience with two commonly used learning management systems. The student survey evaluated the following criteria: finding course documents, finding grades, having accurate and updated grades, ease of navigation, intuitiveness, and communicating with professors. Data was also compiled from a survey given by on-campus IT personnel in order to provide internal information. In addition, a usability study conducted to gain further qualitative data for usability analysis. The information was combined to provide an overall ranking of the learning management systems.