The study aimed to identify modern strategic directions and their role in achieving community development in local authorities in the southern Palestinian governorates. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The study population consisted of employees in local authorities in the southern Palestinian governorates. A random sample was used to collect data, with (156) applicable questionnaires retrieved. The study results showed that the overall assessment of modern strategic directions was high (76.79%), while the community development axis received a high score, with a relative weight (79.88%). The results also demonstrated a significant correlation between the dimensions of modern strategic directions and achieving community development in local authorities in the southern Palestinian governorates. The study presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which were: the need to allocate a special budget to implement innovative activities that contribute to developing work, the need to conduct a comprehensive survey of beneficiary needs, and the adoption of new working methods that move away from routine procedures.

The study aimed to identify artificial intelligence techniques in their dimensions (system capacity, user behavior, training and development, availability of experts) and their role in improving the quality of services in federations and unions in the southern Palestinian governorates. The study used the descriptive analytical approach, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data that contribute to developing the objectives of the study. The study population consists of all members of federations and unions operating in the southern Palestinian governorates, numbering (13,045) members. Random sampling was used to collect data from the study population through an electronic questionnaire, where the sample amounted to (206) individuals, and the results showed the study showed that the general appreciation for artificial intelligence techniques came at a medium level with a relative weight of (65.43%), and the focus of improving the quality of services came to a large degree and with a relative weight of (68.14%). The results also showed the existence of a significant correlation and impact of the dimensions of artificial intelligence techniques in improving the quality of services in federations and unions. Operating in the southern Palestinian governorates, the dimensions of artificial intelligence technologies are arranged as follows: (system capacity, user behavior, availability of experts, training and development). The study presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: the need for unions and federations to adopt artificial intelligence techniques in their work, work to provide modern and advanced technological devices and tools that support artificial intelligence, contract with experts specialized in artificial intelligence, and provide unions with smart technology used in decision-making.

The research aimed to identify the impact of developing scientific research in higher education institutions on achieving sustainable development under the Corona pandemic. The descriptive analytical method was used and data was obtained through a questionnaire that was distributed to a sample (210) employees randomly selected from four Palestinian universities: Al-Azhar University, Isra University, University of Palestine and Gaza University. The study results revealed that the application of developing scientific research and sustainable development in the universities under study received a high degree of respondents’ assessment. There was a direct statistically significant relationship between the scientific research development and the level of promoting sustainable development in the universities. There were also no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of promoting sustainable development in these universities due to the variable of the university, while there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of promoting sustainable development in the universities due to the variable of gender, in favor of females, as female faculty members seek to prove themselves as other faculty members who are no less competent in this field. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, including the need to establish a national authority for scientific research to be concerned with the quality and evaluation of scientific research in universities and subscribing to foreign databases and sources that provide help to researchers.

: The study aimed to identify the level of organizational justice in relief organizations operating in the southern governorates - Palestine. The study used the descriptive analytical method ، and the questionnaire was used to collect information that contributes to achieving the objectives of the study ، and the study population consisted of workers in relief organizations ، and a stratified random sample was used to collect data from 60 relief institutions. The study showed that the relative weight of organizational justice was 82.2%. Where the dimension of distributive fairness reached 85.94% and after procedures fairness 78.02 ، and the study recommended the need to build clear foundations to motivate and encourage workers in organizations ، and define clear criteria for distributing services in order to enhance distributive justice procedures in organizations. the results showed a relationship between interactive justice and organizational agility, as well as the absence of a relationship between organizational justice and organizational agility. (α (Kadoorei) staff previous study. degree of organizational justice practice among the heads of nursing departments in private hospitals and its relationship to the motivation towards work from the point of view of nurses in Jordan. Then the correlative survey method was used, and the study sample consisted of (401) male and female nurses: two tools were used to collect the study data. The following: The bitch degree for practicing organizational justice reached (4.06) with a standard deviation (0.73) and with a high degree: It came after transactional justice in the first rank and with a high degree of practice, and it came after evaluative justice in the second rank with a high degree of practice, and it came after procedural justice in the third rank with a high degree of practice, and it came after Distributive justice in the fourth rank with a high degree of practice. The study also found that the level of nurses' motivation towards work came to a high degree with an arithmetic mean (4.22) with a standard deviation (0.65), and with regard to the field of the relationship of the head of the nursing department with nurses, it came to a high degree. As for the field of the nurse's relationship with patients' companions, it came to a high degree. And it was found that there is a positive correlation between the degree of organizational justice practice among the heads of nursing departments and the nurses' motivation towards their work from their point of view.

: The study aimed to identify the impact of leadership style in achieving organizational justice on relief organizations operating in the southern governorates - Palestine, and the most important hypotheses of the study were: that there is a positive correlation between leadership style and achieving organizational justice. Which contribute to achieving the objectives of the study, and the study population consisted of Employees in relief organizations, and a stratified random sample was used to collect data from 60 relief institutions. The study showed that the relative weight of the leadership axis was 78.65%, and the study showed that the relative weight of organizational justice was 82.2%. The results also showed a correlation between leadership style and organizational justice, in addition to the prevailing leadership style, which contributes to training and empowering Employees. The study recommended the need to provide effective leadership, with the need to build clear foundations to motivate and encourage Employees in organizations, and to define clear criteria for the distribution of services in order to enhance the procedures of distributive justice in organizations, as well as work to integrate sub-tasks into one task, and give the institutions management full freedom for Employees to make decisions.

: The study aimed to identify the impact of the internal factors of process re-engineering in achieving organizational justice on relief organizations operating in the southern governorates - Palestine. Analytical, and a questionnaire was used to collect information that contributes to achieving the objectives of the study, and the study population consisted of employees in relief organizations, and a stratified random sample was used to collect data from 60 relief institutions. The study showed that the general estimate of the internal factors for process re-engineering amounted to 76.44%, and the results showed close ratios and values for the various study axes, and the relative weight of the strategic planning axis was 76.3%, the information technology axis 79.5%, and the work regulations and regulations axis 83.7%, and between the study The relative weight of organizational justice reached 82.2%. The results also showed that training and empowering employees in organizations contributes to achieving organizational justice. The study recommended the need to provide a budget for training and development, with the need to build clear foundations to motivate and encourage employees in organizations, and define clear criteria for distributing Services for the promotion of distributive justice procedures in organizations.

: The study aimed to identify the reality of re-engineering administrative processes in relief organizations operating in the southern governorates - Palestine. The study used the descriptive analytical method, and the questionnaire was used to collect information that contributes to achieving the objectives of the study, and the study population consisted of workers in relief organizations. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used a stratified random sample to collect data from 60 relief institutions. The study showed that the relative weight of the administrative process re-engineering was 78.2%, and the results showed close ratios and values for the different study axes. The relative weight of the leadership style axis was 81.5%, the management support axis was 75.5%, the strategic planning axis was 76.3%, and the information technology axis was 79.5. %, and the axis of labor regulations and regulations 83.7%, The study recommended the need to provide a budget for training and development, with the need to build clear foundations to motivate and encourage workers in organizations. productivity in the Palestinian industrial companies. The researchers used the descriptive analytical method. The study society is composed of all the Palestinian industrial companies (wood, plastic, aluminum, metal) operating in Gaza Strip and registered in the Federation of Palestinian Industries was (236). The sample of the study was selected using the stratified random sampling method. The sample size was 95 companies with 40% of the size of the society. The recovered and valid questionnaires were 85 by (89.5%), an exploratory sample of (30) companies from the sample of the study. The statistical analysis was conducted to verify the validity and consistency of the questionnaire. The results of the study were: High availability for the requirements of process engineering in the Palestinian industrial companies. The technological order was 76.8%, the human requirements were 75.8%, and the productivity level was 76.4% Technology and human re-engineering processes in improving productivity. (44.4%) while the rest in improving productivity was due to other factors. The study presented a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need for Palestinian industrial companies to adopt many concepts that reflect the dimensions of the process reengineering approach, focusing on developing values that reflect the importance of human resources and information technology. And to work to provide prizes to the outstanding employees of the company, and praise their efforts and encourage them to make more efforts and provide innovations for the success of the work. And carry out periodic studies to identify changes and developments in the Palestinian industrial environment, and work to keep pace with those changes. Study of which aimed to study the availability of factors affecting the success of re-engineering administrative processes in the Palestinian Red Crescent Society, which are (strategic planning, information technology, effective communication, readiness for change, commitment and conviction of senior management, empowering workers) and the researchers used In his study, the descriptive analytical approach, and the study population consisted of (105) workers in administrative positions in the Crescent Society, distributed over the five governorates of the Gaza Strip. A number of results, most notably that the factors affecting the success of administrative process re-engineering in the Palestinian Red Crescent Society are available at a rate of (67.14%), and that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α ≤ 0.05) between the estimates of the average sample members about the availability of factors Affecting the success of reengineering administrative processes in the Palestinian Red Crescent Society in the areas) commitment and conviction of the senior management, and readiness for change (attributable to the workplace, except for the areas of (technical) The availability of information, empowering workers, effective communication, strategic planning) where there were statistically significant differences attributed to the workplace in favor of the Deir al-Balah branch. Study to identify the reality of applying Re-Engineering of operations and business in the Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip. The study was applied on the Al-Azhar University in Gaza. The study used the analytical descriptive approach. The researchers used questionnaire as data collection method and used sample stratified random method. (150) questionnaires were distributed on the study population and (118) questionnaires were retrieved back with rate of 78.7%. The study showed that the most important results are: there is approval by the respondents on the paragraphs of reengineering operations and business in general. And there are no significant differences between the averages of the respondent’s answers about the reality of applying re-engineering of operations and business attributable to demographic variables. The data, and the researchers used a sample stratified random way, were (350) questionnaire distributed on the research sample and (312) questionnaire were collected back (89.1%). The study results showed that the most important ones are: there exists statistically significant impact at the level of significance (α ≤ 0.05) for physical requirements, human requirements. Technical requirements and regulatory requirements. The results showed also, the presence of statistically significant differences between the averages of the study sample estimates on the use of decision support systems as an entry point for operations of re-engineering in the Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip due to the variable sex in favor of males requirements. Furthermore, the results showed the existence of differences to the variable name of the university and each area of study for the benefit of the Islamic University then Al-Azhar University and then Al-Aqsa University. The study also concluded a series of recommendations including:

: The study aimed to study the reality of the application of human resource information systems in the major hospitals in the southern Palestinian governorates. Department directors, department heads, and computer engineers), totaling (320) male and female employees during the year (2022), where the researchers prepared a questionnaire to achieve the purpose of the study on human resource information systems (Individual Performance Assessment, Organizational Performance Assessment, Performance Management, Training Development, And Knowledge Management). The most important findings of the two researchers were that human resources management is more effective in the event of application of human resources information systems, and that applications of human resources information systems include individual performance evaluation, institutional performance evaluation, performance management, knowledge dissemination, training and development, decision-making, and appointment. Attraction, problem solving, team building, and quality team building. The study recommended making use of human resources information systems in providing periodic reports that include all activities in the hospital, and enhancing reliance on human resources information systems in building work teams and involving employees in setting the hospital's vision for change management and benefiting from various experiences in leading change.

: The aim of the research is to identify the reality of the quality of health services in light of the Corona Pandemic, and in order to achieve the research objectives, the researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach using a comprehensive survey method for the total research community, whose number reached (110) individuals, while (90) were recovered: The level of health service quality is of relative weight (76%). Among the most important recommendations made by the research: Work to pay a health risk premium to all workers in health centers, in addition to paying attention to training and building work teams in various fields to improve the quality of health services provided

: The study aimed to identify the leadership features and their relationship to increasing achievement motivation among Palestinian police employees in Gaza Strip in light of the Corona pandemic. To achieve the study’s objectives, the researchers used the descriptive method in its analytical method, using a questionnaire applied to the police officers at the Central Governorate Police Station, whose number is (113) individuals. They were chosen in a stratified, random manner, and the study resulted in a set of results, the most important of which is that the effect of leadership characteristics of Palestinian police employees in Gaza Strip, which came with a relative weight (76.20%), which is, to a large extent, the level of increase in achievement motivation among employees in the Palestinian Police in Gaza Strip. Gaza under the outbreak of the Corona epidemic? Which came with a relative weight (82.40%), which is to a large extent. While it resulted in a positive correlation between the impact of leadership characteristics and the increase in achievement motivation, there are no statistically significant differences between the averages of the study sample's estimates about the impact The leadership characteristics of the Palestinian Police in Gaza Strip are attributed to the variable of the age group, academic qualification, scientific specialization, scientific experience. There are no statistically significant differences between the averages of the estimates of the individuals of the study sample about The achievement motivation in the Palestinian Police in Gaza Strip is attributable to a variable, age group, academic qualification, scientific specialization, scientific experience, and in light of these results the researchers suggested a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: The need to tighten penalties for individuals by the Central Governorate Police Station for violating the instructions issued by the Ministry Interior In light of the outbreak of the Corona epidemic, increased interest in preparing and organizing specialized training courses and programs in the field of dealing with all different segments in order to preserve the lives of people from the Corona epidemic.

: The research also aims at identifying the differences between respondents as attributed to their professional and personal traits of age, gender, educational level, distribution of department, dispute resolution experience and representation party. Researchers adopted mixed data collection methods; quantitative and qualitative. For qualitative, a semi-structured interview was conducted with (9) officials including management, staff unions and expert external mediators. (63) Questionnaires were distributed to a systematic random sample population; (56) were received, with a response rate 88.9%. The results proved that there are no significant differences among respondents attributed to personal and professional traits of age, academic background, gender, department, years’ of experience, educational degree and representation party. The research has presented some recommendations concerning the factors affecting the mediation outcomes of workplace disputes resolution. The recommendations include: Selecting expert mediators to deal with multi-culture groups. Ensuring equal gender representation in working groups, teamwork and committees and encouraging female participation in mediation processes to resolve dispute at work place. Developing the mediation schema in a way that empowers the mediator to increase her/his ability to lead and establish compromise solutions for workplace disputes.

: The study aimed to identify the level of increased achievement motivation among Palestinian police workers in Gaza Strip in light of the Corona pandemic, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive approach in its analytical method, using a questionnaire applied to the police personnel at the Central Governorate Police Station, whose number is (113) individuals, who were chosen In a stratified, random manner, the study resulted in a set of results, the most important of which is that the level of increase in achievement motivation among workers in the Palestinian police in Gaza Strip under the outbreak of the Corona epidemic came with a relative weight (82.40%), which is to a large extent, there are no statistically significant differences between the averages of the estimates. Individuals of the study sample on the increase in achievement motivation in the Palestinian police in Gaza Strip due to a variable, age group, academic qualification, scientific specialization, scientific experience, and in light of these results the researchers suggested a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Increasing interest in preparing and organizing specialized training courses and programs in the field of dealing management with all the different segments, in order to protect the lives of people from the Corona epidemic.

: UNRWA’s Mediation Process is a key element in the organization’s efforts to strengthen its internal justice system. The research aims to study the reality of mediator competencies, emotional intelligence and case characteristics variables, (UNRWA) Gaza. The research also aims at identifying the differences between respondents as attributed to their professional and personal traits of age, gender, educational level, distribution of department, dispute resolution experience and representation party. The researchers adopted mixed data collection methods; quantitative and qualitative. For qualitative, a semi-structured interview was conducted with (9) officials including management, staff unions and expert external mediators. (63) Questionnaires were distributed to a systematic random sample population; (56) were received, with a response rate 88.9%. The results proved that there are no significant differences among respondents attributed to personal and professional traits of age, academic background, gender, department, years’ of experience, educational degree and representation party. The research has presented some recommendations concerning the factors affecting the mediation outcomes of workplace disputes resolution. The recommendations include: UNRWA

: Purpose - This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the determinants of organizational justice and their relationship to conscientious behavior from the point of view of officers working in the Palestinian police in Gaza Strip. Methodology - The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, using the questionnaire, targeting a stratified random sample of (400) officers, who hold the rank of captain and above, from the study population of 1550 officers. The study tool was distributed among the sample members in all departments and governorates. Police in Gaza Strip. (353) questionnaires were retrieved, with a recovery rate of (88.3%). Findings - The existence of a positive correlation between the determinants of organizational justice and the behavior of conscience, and the existence of organizational justice in general in a medium degree and the order of its determinants is as follows: fairness of dealings and to a large degree, followed by fairness of procedures and a medium degree, and finally distribution fairness was to a small degree, while the behavior of conscience awareness came to a large extent. Significance - The existence of statistically significant differences between the respondents' averages of responding to the searched relationship due to the variables (type of administration, age group, job title, military rank, years of service). Recommendations - Work to take into account the fairness of distribution by providing adequate and fair salaries, granting bonuses for the additional efforts exerted, and budgeting in the distribution of duties and job burdens, as well as recommending attention to the interests of employees when making decisions and involving them in formulating them, explaining their justifications, and creating an organizational climate dominated by a sense of justice. on using questionnaire, targeting a stratified random sample of (400) officers, who the rank of captain and above, from the study population of and the study (353) with a recovery rate of (88.3%), (SPSS) employees’ sense of organizational justice in all its dimensions was above average, while the results showed an increase in organizational citizenship behavior in all its dimensions among the study sample. The results of the study showed that there is a positive effect of employees ’perception of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior and all its dimensions. The results also showed that employees’ sense of procedural justice has the largest role in influencing organizational citizenship behavior compared Along with other dimensions of organizational justice (distributive fairness, equity Transactions), and based on these results, the study recommended strengthening the values of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Jordanian government ministries.

Arabic Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على السمعة الرقمية ودورها فى تعزيز الميزة التنافسية في الجامعات: جامعة فلسطين نموذجا، حيث قام الباحثون باستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، من خلال استبانة تم توزيعها على عينه من العاملين في جامعة فلسطين، حيث يبلغ حجم مجتمع الدراسة (234) موظفاً، وحجم العينة (117) موظفا، استجاب منهم (90) موظفا.حيث قدمت الدراسة إطارا نظريا لما قدمه الكتاب والباحثون حول متغيري الدراسة، إلى جانب إطار عملي تحليلي لأراء العاملين في جامعة فلسطين، وقد تم التعبير عن السمعة الرقمية بوصفها متغيرا مستقلا من خلال مؤشراتها الأربعة (الشعور حول المنظمة (الرضا)، الاعجاب والاحترام، الثقة، المسئولية الاجتماعية) بينما تم التعبير عن المتغير التابع بالميزة التنافسية.وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: وجود درجة مرتفعة من السمعة الرقمية في جامعة فلسطين، كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أن هناك درجة مرتفعة من الميزة التنافسية في جامعة فلسطين من وجه نظر العاملين وأن هناك أثر للسمعة الرقمية على تحقيق الميزة التنافسية للجامعة، وعدم وجود فروق في أراء عينة الدراسة حول متغيرات الدراسة للمتغيرات الديموغرافية.وقدمت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات أهمها: ضرورة قيام الجامعات بتعزيز سمعتها الرقمية والرفع من مستواها. والعمل على تعزيز الميزة التنافسية للجامعة من خلال تعزيز رأس المال البشري، والمعرفي بالجامعة. English Abstract: This study aims to identify the digital reputation and its role in enhancing the competitive advantage in the universities: University of Palestine is a model. The researchers used the descriptive and analytical method, through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of employees in University of Palestine, where the size of the study population is (234) employees and the sample size is (117) employees, (90) employees of them responded.The study provided a theoretical framework for what the authors and researchers presented about the study variables, as well as an analytical practical framework for the opinions of employees in University of Palestine. The digital reputation was expressed as an independent variable through its four indicators (feeling about the organization (satisfaction), admiration and respect, trust, and social responsibility) while the dependent variable is expressed by competitive advantage.The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: The existence of a high degree of digital reputation in University of Palestine, there is a high degree of competitive advantage in University of Palestine from the viewpoint of employees, there is an effect of digital reputation on achieving the university's competitive advantage, and the absence of Differences in the opinions of the study sample about the study variables for demographic variables.The study presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which are the need for universities to enhance their digital reputation and raise its level and work to enhance the competitive advantage of the university by enhancing the human capital and knowledge of the university.

The study aimed to identify the joint responsibility and speed of response and their relationship to developing the creative behavior of Palestinian NGOs, and the study used the descriptive analytical approach and the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data from employees of associations operating in the governorates of Gaza Strip, and the cluster sample method was used and the sample size reached (343) individuals. Retrieval (298) questionnaire, and the following results were reached: The relative weight of the joint responsibility was 78.66%), and the response speed (78.26%) and the relative weight of the creative behavior scale reached 78.99%), and there was a statistically significant relationship between the joint responsibility and the speed of Creative behavior front, and there are statistically significant differences in the dimensions of the scale due to the variable gender in response speed and the differences in favor of females. While there were no statistically significant differences in the dimension of joint responsibility attributable to the gender variable, there were no statistically significant differences between the averages due to the age group variable, and the educational qualification, and there were no statistically significant differences in the creative behavior according to the gender variable, age group, educational qualification, specialization The study presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: the need for civil organizations in Gaza Strip to seek funding from external countries in order to provide self-income for associations to confront crises and give them independence in order to preserve them to play their role in society, the need to work to follow up on Strategic Plan for NGOs using e-mails as they pave the way to reach excellence and creativity in the field of work, the need to hold meetings and workshops with the local community and this helps to identify the needs of the community.