Objective This study aimed to compare of the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) and computer-based cognitive stimulation (CS) in terms of cognition, clinical symptoms, depression, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 58 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia completed to the study (aerobic exercise group (AEG): n=18, cognitive stimulation group (CSG): n=20, control group (CG): n=20). The AEG participated in a 12-week AE program, whereas the CSG engaged in computer-based CS over the same period. Also, the CG did not receive any intervention. Cognition with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale and Frontal Assessment Battery, clinical symptoms with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, depression with Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, and QOL with Quality of Life Scale for Schizophrenia Patients scale were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Results Within-group improvements were observed in general cognitive function, clinical symptoms, and selected QOL domains in the AEG, whereas the CSG showed significant improvements across cognitive functions, clinical symptoms, depressive symptoms, and multiple QOL domains. In contrast, the CG exhibited significant deterioration in cognitive functions, selected clinical symptoms, depressive symptoms, and certain QOL domains over the 12-week period. Between-group comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in general cognitive function, executive function, and depression at week 12. However, significant differences were observed in specific PANSS and QOL subscales. Conclusions These findings suggested that computer-based CS and AE may offer domain-specific and complementary effects in cognitive and clinical domains in PwS.

Introduction To investigate the effect of physical exercise alone and in combination with cognitive stimulation on cognition, physical function, and quality of life in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (PwAD). Methods The study was a randomized controlled, single-blinded trial with pre-and post-treatment and follow-up assessments conducted at the private hospital and home environment in PwAD. Seventy-five (N = 75) participants diagnosed with AD were enrolled, but sixty (N = 60) participants (mean age 77.8 years, standard deviation (SD) 6.7) were randomized as physical exercise group (PEG) (n = 20), physical exercise and cognitive stimulation group (PE + CSG) (n = 20) and control group (CG) (n = 20). Participants in PEG and PE + CSG performed an online supervised physical exercise program (SPEP) given biweekly for 12 weeks. Additionally, the cognitive stimulation (CS) program was offered for at least three or five days for 12 weeks for PE + CSG. No treatment was given for the CG. The primary outcome measures were cognition, balance, functional mobility (FM), upper extremity muscle strength (UEMS) and lower extremity muscle strength (LEMS), and quality of life (QoL). Furthermore, depression, basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were measured secondarily. Results PE + CSG demonstrated significant improvement in cognition, balance, FM, UEMS, IADL and reduction in depression compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Besides, participants in the PE + CSG had statistically superior QoL and IADL than the PEG (p < 0.05). Conclusions The addition of CS to the SPEP was a safe and effective method to gain statistically significant improvements in cognition, balance, FM, UEMS, IADL, and reduction in depression in PwAD.

Background: Detecting cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer’s disease early and tracking it over time is essential for individuals at risk of cognitive decline. Objective: This research aimed to validate the Beynex app’s gamified assessment tests and the Beynex Performance Index (BPI) score, which monitor cognitive performance across seven categories, considering age and education data. Methods: Beynex test cut-off scores of participants (n = 91) were derived from the optimization function and compared to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Validation and reliability analyses were carried out with data collected from an additional 214 participants. Results: Beynex categorization scores showed a moderate agreement with MoCA ratings (weighted Cohen’s Kappa = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.38–0.60). Calculated Cronbach’s Alpha indicates good internal consistency. Test-retest reliability analysis using a linear regression line fitted to results yielded R∧2 of 0.65 with a 95% CI: 0.58, 0.71. Discussion: Beynex’s ability to reliably detect and track cognitive impairment could significantly impact public health, early intervention strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Family caregiving in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) has been associated with a variety of negative psychological and social processes, including social isolation. Besides, it has been shown that the caregiver’s physical activity level is one of the factors associated with the burden of care. The negative impact of physical inactivity on general health status is well established. This study aimed was investigate relationship between social support and caregiver’s physical acitivity level. Participants’ working-caregiving status and functional independency of their patients was recorded. Physical activity level was assessed with Rapid Physical Activity Assessment (RAPA). Percieved Social Support Questionnary (PSSQ) was used for evaluating of social support. Statistical analysis was performed by Spearman correlation analysis in SPSS 22.0 package program. Among the 59 participants 88.4% were female and mean age was 54.83±11.9 years. Caregiver’s demographics presented in Table 1. There was a significant correlation was found between RAPA and PPSQ (p = .015, rho = .321). According to RAPA results, 6.7% respondents were reported have no physical activity, 66.7% were underactive, and 13% were active. Our study was demonstrated that most of the caregivers were physically underactive. Supportive social environment was found related with caregivers physical activity level. It is necessary to be aware of the potential health risks not only for people with AD but also for caregivers. Caregivers should be encouraged to be physically active considering the positive effects on physical and mental health. Policy makers should develop strategies that support caregivers, taking into account all the components that are affect them physically, socially and psychologically.

BEYNEX (version 2.0) is an online application for tracking cognitive abilities using gamified follow-up tests designed in eight different cognitive categories by Neurologists and psychologists. In this study, we aimed to determine and monitor the cognitive level of the person using this application by establishing an early alarm system, and to evaluate their relationship with daily living activities. Our study was designed as multicenter and prospective. Free codes were given to the patients to enter the BEYNEX 2.0 application. The initial cognitive evaluations of the patients who entered the application using the codes were recorded by measuring with the online SLUMS (The Saint Louis Mental Status Examination Test), and a questionnaire was presented to evaluate the activity of their life at least once every seven days. 265 patients aged between 58 and 75 years participated in the study. There was an increase especially in attention, language and memory scores, as the SLUMS score increased in patients with a SLUMS score above 17 (p = 0.001). No significant change was observed in speed and flexibility scores (p = 0.001). There was an increase in problem solving, memory and arithmetic scores of people with an SLUMS score below 17 as SLUMS increased (p = 0.001), but no change was observed in flexibility and language scores (p = 0.001). As the SLUMS score increases, the sleep quality of the patients, the time they spend on hobbies and social media increase in direct proportion. Online tracking and exercise applications may act as an early warning system in terms of providing feedback to caregivers in terms of monitoring cognitive functions and allowing patients to follow themselves at an early stage, and also monitoring the ADLs of dementia patients and observing their changes over time is as important as the medical treatment given to the patient.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with complex molecular pathophysiology at the cellular level. Despite intensive research to decipher genetic and molecular players, non-invasive markers of early diagnosis and progression are yet to be discovered. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and hold the potential to act as biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis and prognosis. Identification of differentially expressed circulating miRNAs in late-onset AD will serve for the establishment of non-invasive biomarker panels for disease prediction at earlier ages. In this regard, miR-181b may serve as a candidate molecule. Here we aimed to evaluate the expression pattern of hsa-miR-181b in the serum samples of late-onset AD patients and healthy controls. Blood samples were collected from 33 late-onset AD patients and 34 healthy individuals. Samples were processed immediately for plasma isolation and kept at -80°C. Following total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, expression levels of hsa-miR-181b-5p were determined in all samples via qRT-PCR using SyberGreen. Cel-miR39 was used as a spike-in control and all samples were processed in duplicates. Data were analyzed by the ∆∆C T method. p<0,05 was considered to be significant. The average ages of AD patients and healthy controls were 82 and 59 years, respectively. Females constituted 60% of the samples in both groups. Patients were being treated with Donepezil or Donepezil and Memantine. According to the qPCR results, miR181b levels were found to be significantly reduced by 3 folds in AD patients, compared to controls. There are conflicting data in the literature regarding up or down regulation of miR181b in AD. This may be due to different experimental set-ups, ethnicities of the study populations, sample characteristics or other confounding factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the expression pattern of miR181b in the plasma samples of Turkish AD patients. Our results indicate that hsa-miR-181b-5p can be regarded as a potential blood biomarker for the prediction of AD. miR181 was shown to be involved in immune response regulation and neuroinflammation in the literature, therefore it is of high importance in AD.

Objective: It is important to investigate the effectiveness of delivering the rehabilitation service using remote communication technologies, for conditions that face-to-face treatment is not possible. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of exercise treatment via home-based telerehabilitation (TR) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Twenty participants who were diagnosed as having the early-middle stage of AD were randomized into a TR group and control group. The TR group received real-time motor-cognitive dual-task exercise treatment via video conferencing, and the control group received no intervention for 6 weeks. The primary outcomes were Mini-Mental State Examination, Timed Up&Go Test, and the 5 Times Sit&Stand Test, and the secondary outcomes were One-leg Stance Test (OLST), Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale (Katz-ADL), Functional Independence Measure, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, Beck Anxiety Scale, Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI) and the Warwick Edinburgh Well-being Scale. Outcomes were measured at baseline and post-treatment. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean change between the groups in favor of the TR group in all primary and secondary outcomes (p <.05), except for the ZCBI and OLST(p >.05). There was no significant difference in the comparison of the primary outcome measures between the groups in post-treatment results (p >.05); significant differences in all secondary outcome measures were observed in favor of the TR group (p <.05), except for the OLST, Katz-ADL, and ZCBI (p >.05). Conclusion: TR may provide a significant change in cognition and mobility, improve functional independence, and caregiver's well-being, and reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms in people with AD.

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time. Due to the measures taken to prevent the disease and especially the curfew, the social life of people has been severely affected. It is a matter of curiosity how the cognitive state is affected during this period. BEYNEX computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been used in android and ios environments as a smartphone and tablet application in July 2020. In this application, the scores obtained from the gamified cognitive exercises presented on the internet are presented in 8 different cognitive parameters in graphics (Memory, Visual Perception, Speed, Problem-solving, Flexibility, Attention, Language Skills, Arithmetic). All exercises designed within the parameters used by clinicians and are completely unique. Every 2 weeks, users are asked questions that evaluate themselves and their daily life activities. The data of the user, who scores between 1 and 10 for each question, is also stored graphically. The BEYNEX/Turkey data used in this study belong to the last four months of 2020 when quarantine measures are gradually increased. Data of an average of 250 people aged 20 to 85 were analyzed in a total of 4 months between September / December 2021. When the monthly data of the users were compared in the 4-month period with quarantine, there was no statistical difference in 8 different cognitive parameters (Figure 1) (Table 1). However, there were important statistical differences in their responses to the questions they evaluated themselves (Figure 2) (Table 2). Less time spent on hobbies, reading, shopping, and friend conversations, while much more time on sleep and social media (Table 3). Interestingly, users rated their memory and emotional states with a high score. With internet applications, societal analyzes give results in a noticeably short time with a very low cost. Contrary to popular belief, large crises affect individual lifestyle more than cognitive parameters. It is obvious that cognitive impairment will occur if the measures involve much longer time frames.

The COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessity that rehabilitation services are provided remotely to patients. These process required a transformation in healthcare. The aim of this study was investigate the effectiveness of the home-based online supervised exercise program in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the results of real-time supervised physical exercise telerehabilitation program in AD.Eighteen subjects with early-middle stage of AD were randomised into 2 group as telerehabilitation group (TG; mean age: 77.7 ± 5.29 years; 7 Female, 3 Male) and control group (CG; mean age: 78.5 ± 7.07 years; 5 Female, 3 Male). Our primary outcome was Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), seconder outcomes were Timed Up&Go (TUG), One-leg Balance Test (OLBT), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS). The 6-week motor-cognitive dual-task exercise training was performed online and under the supervision of physiotherapist through videoconference. No physical or cognitive intervention was applied to the control group for 6 weeks. Subjects were assessed before and after the treatment. In statistical analysis, the change in the outcome scores was calculated (∆ = last measurement-first measurement), the difference between the groups was performed with the Mann Whitney-U Test in SPSS 22.0. Trial's protocol is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov under number NCT04606251.There was a significant difference between TG and CG in favor of TG in MMSE, TUG, FIM and GDS (p<0,05); There was no significant difference between groups in OLBT (p>0,05). Statistical results have been showed in Table 1. No safety problem was observed during the treatment. All subjects were completed the study, there was a high adherence to treatment.Physical exercise treatment with telerehabilitation was feasible, safe and well-accepted by people with early-middle stage of AD. Online-supervised exercise program can improve cognitive function, functional mobility, independence and reduce depressive symptoms.

Objective: Influence of piracetam in post-stroke aphasia and myoclonic epilepsy has been shown with EEG spectral power analysis. Particularly piracetam is involved in restoration of alpha topography in these patients. On the other hand long term effects of piracetam in Alzheimer’s disase or minimal cognitive impairment (MCI) patients have not been determined so far. Methods: We have evaluated spectral EEG analysis of 13 minimal cognitive impairment and 18 mild or less severe Alzheimer dementia patients after receiving piracetam 2400 mg and 4800 mg respectively for 4 weeks. Control group was consisted of 16 healthy subjects with similar age and sex characteristics. We analyzed EEG power spectrum before and after delivering 2400 or 4800 mg piracetam. Results: In Alzheimer’s disase group enhancement of delta band power began with 2400 mg piracetam and lasted on 4800 mg. Theta band power spectrum values significantly decreased. Alpha and beta band power spectrums were not changed. MCI patients have shown very similar results with AD patients Conclusions: We have found that long term delivering of piracetam enhances slow-wave band powers of EEG both in Alzheimer’s disase and MCI patients. Alzheimer hastalığı ve hafif kognitif bozuklukta pirasetamin EEG spektral analizi üzerine uzun dönem etkileri Amaç: Piracetamın inme sonrası afazi ve miyoklonik epilepside etkileri EEG’de spektral güç analizleri ile gösterilmiştir. Bu hastalarda pirasetamın kısmen alfa topografisinde düzenlenmesinde rolü olduğu bildirilmesine rağmen Alzheimer hastalarında veya hafif kognitif bozukluğu olan hastalarda pirecetamın uzun süreli etkileri tam olarak tanımlanmamıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 13 hafif kognitif bozukluğu olan hasta, 18 hafif veya orta derecede Alzheimer hastası ve bu hastalara yaş ve cinsiyet olarak benzer özelliklere sahip 16 sağlıklı bireyden oluşan kontrol grubunda başlangıç, 4 hafta süre ile 2400 mg piracetam kullanımı ve bunu takip eden 4 hafta süre ile 4800 piracetam kullanımı sonrası spektral EEG kayıtları incelenerek güç spektrumu analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Alzheimer grubunda delta bant gücünün 2400 mg dozunda ortaya çıktığı ve bu durumun 4800 mg dozunda da devam ettiği görülmüştür. Teta bant gücünde anlamlı olarak azalmanın ortaya çıktığı, alfa ve beta bant güçlerinde ise değişikliğin ortaya çıkmadığı saptanmıştır. Hafif kognitif bozukluğu olan hastalarda da benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: Uzun süreli piracetam kullanımın Alzheimer hastaları ve hafif kognitif bozukluğu olan hastalarda EEG’de yavaş dalga bant güçlerini arttırmaktadır.

Data on CCT performances of the population over 40 is rather complicated. Rehabilitation focused approaches widely believe that repetitive use would improve the CCT performance in time. Yet as evaluation period decreases, the error margin increases, often leading to false positive or negative results. In this study, CCT performances were evaluated according to age, education level and number of repeated courses.

Regularly practiced Internet-based activities positively affect memory related cognitive parameters in elderly individuals with memory impairment. The same practice can also be utilized as an early notification system, for individuals who suffer from memory impairment but have not yet received any diagnosis. BEYNEX is a web-based program where users complete tasks, which includes playing 3 different 5-minute-long computer games on a daily basis; and answering questions on ADL. At the end, users are expected to watch and practice a 3-minute physical exercise video as well. All tasks are designed within the parameters used by clinicians and take 15–20 minutes in total to complete daily. BEYNEX exercises are completely unique and are not in commercial use. Patients’ total activity time, ADL and game performances were monitored only by clinicians under 9 different graphics (ADL, Memory, Visual Perception, Speed, Problem-solving, Flexibility, Attention, Language Skills, Arithmetic). In this study, the users are carefully selected from a group which has not received any medical examination related to Dementia from any medical authority before; and they are recruited by the Turkey Alzheimer's Association, mainstream media and social media channels. Apart from age and contact information, no personal data is collected or stored. Among 1508 user who requested to receive a username and password online, 667 users maintained active usage. The data from 81 users who regularly logged in to the system in the last 6 months is analysed (Table 1). The data presented is from users who at least have 20 page visits and who have completed exercises on average 400 minutes or more (Fig 1-2). The 9 users who fall out of 95% confidence interval on at least 2 of 8 parameters that BEYNEX tracks are invited to clinical examination and 7 of 9 users received early stage dementia diagnosis (Fig 3).

Background/aim:Clinical trials conducted on the efficacy of computerized cognitive training (CCT) programs have not led to any important breakthroughs. CCT is a safe and inexpensive approach, but its efficacy in patients on rivastigmine therapy has not been evaluated. This study aims to compare effects of CCT and examines rivastigmine to determine whether CCT has any further contributions to make.Materials and methods:Sixty individuals with subjective memory complaint (SCI) and 60 individuals with early stage Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) were subjected to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Cambridge Cognition (CANTAB tests: MOT, PRM, DMS, SWM, PAL, RTI), and Bayer-ADL. After screening patients who were diagnosed with AD, we started rivastigmine patch treatment (10 cm2 = 9.5 mg). The SCI and AD groups were randomly divided, and one each of the SCI and AD groups were accessed using BEYNEX, a web-based program. After a minimum of at least 1200 min of use, the diagnostic tests were repeated.Results:The AD groups’ MoCA scores of the BEYNEX-practicing group demonstrated meaningfully increase, whereas they decreased in the control group, and the Bayer-ADL scores indicated improvement in ADL. The CANTAB tests both in SCI and AD and in groups using BEYNEX showed positive improvement in MOT, DMS, and PAL data.Conclusion:This study is a rare example that focuses on both groups with SCI and AD. The efficacy of CCT varies across cognitive domains and shows significant efficacy for AD but small improvements in cognitively healthy older adults. In future studies, integration with a smart learning algorithm may lead to interesting observations on which parameters are more sensitive to change under long-term use of CCT in a large number of subjects.

Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT) is a safe and inexpensive approach, yet its efficacy on patients on Rivastigmine has not been evaluated. There are numerous studies demonstrating the positive affects of Choline Esterease inhibitors on cognitive tests in the first 6 months. This study examines whether CCT has any further contribution to this effect. 60 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's (and started Rivastigmine patch 10 cm2 18 mg treatment), aged 72.58±7.80 on average, were subjected to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Cambridge Cognition (CANTAB tests: MOT, PRM, DMS, SWM, PAL, RTI) and Bayer Activity of Daily Living (ADL) Scale (BAYER). The age, gender and education levels were normalized to randomly form two groups of 30. The first group was provided with a password to access a web-based program BEYNEX and asked to complete tasks, which included playing 3 varying 5-minute long computer games and practicing a 3-minute physical exercise video on a daily basis; and answering questions on ADL once a week. BEYNEX exercises are completely unique and are not in commercial use. Patients’ total activity time, ADL and game performances were monitored only by clinicians under 9 graphs (ADL, Memory, Visual Perception, Speed, Problem-solving, Flexibility, Attention, Language Skills, Arithmetic). After 6 months or at least 1200 minutes of BEYNEX use, the diagnostic tests (MoCA, CANTAB, BAYER) were repeated for both test and control groups. Meaningful differences determined between the initial and final MoCA, BAYER and CANTAB scores. Final MoCA scores of the BEYNEX-practicing group demonstrate meaningful increase, whereas they decrease in control group. Final BAYER scores of BEYNEX- practicing group meaningfully decreased, indicating an improvement in ADL. CANTAB scores of BEYNEX group showed improvement in parameters of Motor screening (MOT), Delayed Matching sample (DMS), Paired Associated Learning (PAL), Pattern recognition memory (PRM), Spatial-working memory (SWM). Reaction time (RTI) parameters showed no change.

In this work, we developed a video processing framework, which simultaneously analyzes hands motion of multiple-people to understand the type of action, to measure the reaction time and accuracy of the motion during physical exercise or social activity. The location of the hands, head and center of the body are captured to encode the motion characteristic at each frame from a video sequence. The system can detect multiple people and analyze their hands motion. In the experiments, analysis of various hands motion of two elderly patients is presented. Recently released Kinect sensor is used to capture depth data and skeleton data along with an RGB camera. The positions of the hands, head, shoulders, elbows and body center are extracted and stored as key points in a 2-dimensional matrix, which is called a location map. Location maps are generated from skeleton views. Later, each location map is compared with a previously defined matrix for each activity and the most similar one is chosen to recognize the type of the activity. The accuracy of the motion is given by the value of the similarity; and the reaction time is given by the time between voice order and realization of the action. Extracting depth data helps us avoid occlusions and easily distinguish people and body parts in the scene. Various activities (Hands Up, Hands Down, Hands on Head, Hand Shaking, Hands Up Arms Straight, Hands Up Arms Bended, Hands Reunited Front, etc.) are encoded in real-time by using the positions of key points in the 2D location map. In the supplementary figure, five different activities (normal position, hands clapping, hands on shoulder, hands up, hand shaking) are investigated for two patients by using the proposed framework. Skeleton views for each frame are extracted and the position of nine key points (head, neck, shoulders, elbows, hands, center) from each skeleton are calculated to compose location maps. Location maps are used to categorize the activity.

Purpose: In this study we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of epilepsy in Denizli, a city of Turkey, and to compare it with both studies from the world and Turkey. Methods: With this purpose 4666 people were included to the study. Primarily they filled a questionnaire form face to face. The ones suggested to have seizure were evaluated by clinicians and EEG was performed. Results: The prevalence of epilepsy was found 5.7 /1000 in Denizli. The beginning of the disease was more frequent in the first two decades. Conclusion: This prevalence value was lesser than the ones using the same questionnaire in Turkey suggesting a higher educational grade and development in Denizli. On the other hand when compared worldwide, the results were similar to the ones observed in the developing countries. Pam Med J 2012;5(3):110-114

AMAC: Bu calismada Turkiye`nin Denizli ilindeki epilepsi prevalansinin degerlendirilmesi ve Turkiye`nin diger sehirlerinde ve dunyanin degisik bolgelerinde yapilan diger prevalans calismalari ile karsilastirilmasi amaclandi.YONTEMLER: Bu amacla 4666 kisi calismaya dahil edildi. Oncelikle bu kisiler yuz yuze gorusme ile bir sorgulama formu doldurdu. Nobeti olabilecegi dusunulen olgular klinisyenler tarafindan degerlendirildi ve tumune EEG uygulandi.BULGULAR: Elde edilen prevalans degeri, Turkiye de benzer sorgulama formu ile yapilan diger calismalara gore daha dusuk saptandi. Bu durum Denizli ilinde egitim ve gelismislik duzeyinin diger calismalarda taranan illere gore daha yuksek olmasi ile aciklanabilir. Diger taraftan dunya genelindeki calismalar ile karsilastirildiginda, elde ettigimiz sonuclar gelismekte olan ulkelerin sonuclarina benzerdi.SONUC: Denizli de epilepsi prevalansi 5.7/1000 idi. Hastalik baslangici ilk dekadda daha sikti.

Hippocampal kindling which have been used to investigate temporal lobe epilepsy can also be used to show the relation between hippocampus and learning procedures. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of memantine, a non-selective NMDA receptor antagonist, by using water maze parameters in kindled rats. Adult male Wistar rats were used in 5 experimental groups (n=8); Control group (C); Sham group (had a hippocampal electrode but have no kindling stimulus) (S); Memantine treated group (M); Memantine treated group with kindling stimulus (MKI) and Kindling stimulated group (KI). After memantine treatments and kindling protocols, an acquisition period of 12 day water maze protocol was done in which all groups performances show a decline of escape latency (EL) and path length (PL) which indicates that they were able to learn the platform location in a spatial way. EL performance of M, KI, MKI groups were better than the C group, also the PL performance of M, KI, MKI groups were better than the C group. After day 9 the difference between the groups were disappeared. 13(th) choice day performance which indicates spatial memory of C, M, MKI groups were not statistically different from each other but for the KI group 13th day EL and PL performances were worse than the others.Our findings indicates that modifying the neuronal plasticity in kindled rats produced a profound decrease in learning and memory. Memantine improves the changing parameters of WM learning model in kindling.