In a virtual learning environment enforced by the pandemic, assessments are equally administered online using the technology tools available on the different learning management systems (LMS). Assessment is pivotal in the learning process and the many benefits of online quizzes according to research, show that it inspires, motivates active learning and thinking, and enhances better performance and feedback compared to the dated pen and paper form of assessment. In the light of this, this study examines students’ perspectives on Online quizzing and tries to understand the impacts of such form on their performances. A quantitative approach was employed, and it is interesting to note that of the 127 students of the University of Guyana that responded to the survey shared via Google Forms, students’ perspectives towards online quizzing are generally positive and the majority prefer online quizzing to paper-based assessment. Respondents noted that online quizzing measures evaluation appropriately as most of them have recorded positive impacts on their performances. Students noted that they get assistance online which implies cheating is unavoidable. The findings also show that the Multiple choice (MC) form of quizzing online is mostly preferred by students compared to other forms. In literature, there are lots of claims against the MC questions. One such is that they evaluate low thinking capabilities and thus, all forms of assessment should be used in an online examination to achieve better learning outcomes. The findings gathered prompted lots of educational discussions juxtaposed by claims and secondary supports. Recommendations were made with the emphasis on the availability of better internet, critically prepared MC questions and other assessments, provision of sufficient time while quizzing online, and proctored online tools usage. In conclusion, the evidence in the research proves that Online quizzing is beneficial in 21st-century learning; however, more needs to be done for the betterment of educational advancement.

The novel COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the functioning of solid waste management globally as households experience an increase in their waste and a change in waste collection services. This study presents a statistical model looking at the impacts of COVID-19 on household waste and waste collection services and the prevalence of self-disposing in response to these impacts. Qualitative household data were collected from Guyana and Nigeria looking at household perspectives on their waste management issues since the emergence of COVID-19. Statistical models were developed using limited-dependent binary logistic regression. The models showed for each country, different factors contributing to the likelihood of self-disposing. For Guyana, the change in waste collection schedule and the household proximity to landfills increases the likelihood of self-disposing while in Nigeria, the increase in household waste increases the likelihood of self-disposing. The results also showed that households who regularly engage in recycling activities are less likely to self-dispose. The study concludes that COVID-19 has disrupted household waste disposal and had contributed to increasing instances in self-dumping. COVID-19 seems to be fostering the informal waste sector which may require a shift in the current operation and policies for the solid waste management sector.

The novel COVID-19 disease has highlighted the vulnerability of small and developing economies in managing what is now a global health crisis. This study presents the preliminary overview of the dynamics of the spread and expansion of COVID-19 as the disease takes its footprint in the Caribbean. The study explored the spatial clusters of the disease and its variations in the Caribbean region. Data was gathered from the World Health Organization reports and collated into a cross sectional data set. Spatial mapping and spatial lag analysis were conducted to identify spread patterns and statistical relationships with several relevant socioeconomic variables. Models showed the prominence of cases and deaths in the Caribbean region have a spatial connection with mainland countries. The models also show the connection between COVID-19 cases and deaths and the availability of medical services within the country. Results also showed similar social distancing policies adopted in the region and the possible connection between prevalence of diabetes and hypertension regionally impacted the number of deaths. It is hoped that the findings presented here will be useful in planning for an epidemiological response for the region based on the differences in the patterns for possible interventions and actions.

With the global proliferation of waste, many countries are seeking new ways to effectively manage waste generation. An integrated waste management strategy often incorporates a participatory approach involving the communities in the waste disposal and management process. One key area to achieving an integrated solid waste management framework is through an understanding of the waste disposal dynamics of municipal communities. This study presents a qualitative assessment of waste characterisation, household waste management, willingness to recycle and waste management policy for a municipal region in Guyana. The surveys were conducted in municipal administrative Region 10 using a combination of a community survey of illegal dumpsites and an online survey of residents perspectives. Analysis of waste characterisation was presented using spatial mapping and distribution counts. Statistical analysis was conducted using binary logistic regression modelling. Models show several households utilizing illegal dumping grounds in response to inefficient waste collection services. Statistical modelling shows the willingness to recycle is high in the community especially amongst middle-aged women but potentially constrained by the lack of recycling facilities. The country seeks a new paradigm in the policy environment for solid waste. Understanding the challenges and needs of the individual municipalities of a country will provide the insight needed to achieve this paradigm.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced sudden transformation in many sectors of the global community, turning the world upside down. Everything has been impacted, not excluding the education sector, which has experienced some unforeseen changes in many parts of the world. The sudden transition to online pedagogy as a result of COVID-19 in developing countries has exposed some inequalities and challenges, as well as benefits. These challenges and inequalities have now become the new realities in the educational sector of developing countries. Suggestions are provided here so that the challenges presented by the new approach can be mitigated while we come to terms with the disruptions introduced by COVID-19 to our education sector.

The novel COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted all facets of society globally. Often overlooked is the potential contamination of the waste disposed by individuals diagnosed with the virus. The proliferation of contaminated waste is expected to increase as cases increase. The pandemic has caused a surge in waste material stemming from the widespread use of disposable personal protective equipment at the household level. In the developing countries where waste management measures are relatively inadequate, the vulnerability of COVID-19 contraction from contaminated waste is high. This study intended to unravel the susceptibility of communities in the developing countries of Guyana and Nigeria to the potential spread of the virus through waste. The study explored the possibility of cross-contamination between residents and landfill scavengers, the community perception on the effectiveness of their solid waste practices, the notable changes in waste collection and waste disposal patterns, and also, the potential knowledge / policy gaps that exist. An online survey was administered within all the districts of the two countries and the qualitative assessment was conducted demonstrating the proportional trends in the responses of the participants. Findings showed that the communities were relatively perceptive about the issue of waste disposal and the potential contamination of COVID-19. The communities readily recognized the inefficiencies of the waste management systems and the need for policy intervention. Tackling the issue of COVID-19 and waste management in the developing countries of Guyana and Nigeria requires policies that are holistic and participatory involving stakeholder at all levels.