Microbial dormancy enables microorganisms to persist under unfavourable conditions and reactivate when ecological or host environments become permissive. While dormancy supports microbial resilience, it also creates cross-domain “hidden reservoirs” that can destabilize ecosystems, amplify zoonotic risk, and sustain antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This narrative review synthesizes evidence across environmental, animal, and human systems to explain how reactivation triggers propagate through One Health pathways—for example, nutrient enrichment or warming in aquatic/soil environments → microbial revival and amplification → exposure in livestock/wildlife → human infection via food, water, aerosols, or vectors. Dormant pathogens can persist in soil, water, sediments, biofilms, and host-associated niches, frequently evading culture-based detection and re-emerging under stressors such as temperature shifts, hydrological change, malnutrition, immunosuppression, and antimicrobial exposure. Dormancy also facilitates AMR persistence through survival of tolerant subpopulations, biofilm protection, and environmental dissemination of resistance determinants. Because key cues governing dormancy–reactivation remain incompletely characterized and surveillance systems rarely target dormant states, outbreak forecasting and mitigation are often delayed. The review therefore proposes dormancy-aware One Health surveillance and response, including field-deployable molecular detection, shared data platforms, and targeted interventions at environmental and veterinary interfaces.

Climate change is an escalating threat to population health, placing increasing pressure on healthcare systems. Nurses play a pivotal role in delivering climate-resilient healthcare; however, evidence regarding their perceptions and climate-related health behaviors in Saudi Arabia remains limited. This study examined the relationship between nurses' perceptions of climate change and their climate-related health behaviors in support of the population health objectives of Saudi Vision 2030. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 307 nurses in Saudi Arabia using the validated Perceptions and Behaviors regarding Climate Change and Health (PBCH) questionnaire, which assessed awareness, concern, and climate-related behaviors in both domestic and clinical settings. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability testing, Pearson correlation, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and quantile regression to examine predictors across different levels of behavioral engagement. The findings revealed moderate PBCH scores (mean percentage approximately 68%-69%) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α up to 0.96). Awareness and concern demonstrated strong positive correlations with PBCH scores and consistently predicted climate-related health behaviors across OLS and all quantiles (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75), whereas demographic characteristics showed minimal predictive value. These findings suggest that strengthening nurses' awareness of and concern about the health impacts of climate change may significantly enhance sustainable nursing practices, improve population health protection, and support the achievement of Saudi Vision 2030.

Inadequate dietary patterns have significantly contributed to the rise of chronic diseases, highlighting the need for effective interventions. Culinary workshops have emerged as a promising strategy by offering practical and interactive food and nutrition education that may enhance food choice autonomy and promote healthier eating behaviors. This scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR checklist, with a protocol registered in the Open Science Framework. Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Virtual Health Library, including intervention studies published between 2005 and 2025. Study selection and data extraction were independently performed by three reviewers. A total of 30 studies were included, most from the United States (67.6%) and Australia (23.5%), with in-person workshops lasting 4–12 weeks. Improvements were reported in food autonomy, self-efficacy, and culinary practices in 81% of studies. Over 90% reported increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with reductions in ultra-processed foods. 15 studies noted improvements in anthropometric parameters, while 14 reported clinical benefits. Quality of life was evaluated in seven studies, with significant improvements in three. Culinary workshops appear to be effective in promoting health, though more standardized studies in diverse populations are warranted.

Background:Fasting during Ramadan poses distinct challenges for individuals with diabetes, especially pregnant women, due to increased metabolic demands and the heightened risk of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and dehydration. Although medical guidelines often advise against fasting in this group, many women still choose to observe the fast. This study aims to explore diabetes self-efficacy and self-care behaviors during and after Ramadan among pregnant women. Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted during and after Ramadan 2025 at Abha Maternity Hospital in Aseer region in Saudi Arabia. Pregnant women with gestational or pre-existing diabetes were recruited. Data were collected using validated Arabic versions of the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities questionnaire. Paired t-tests and correlation analyses were used to examine changes and relationships. Results:A total of 162 pregnant women with diabetes participated in this study. Self-efficacy scores remained stable during and after Ramadan (mean 4.8 vs. 4.9, p = 0.2), while self-care scores declined significantly post-Ramadan (32.5 to 29.8, p = 0.001). HbA1c distribution shifted slightly, with fewer participants in the <5.7% range after Ramadan and more in the 5.7-6.4% range. Most managed diabetes using oral drugs with diet and exercise (42%). Medical education was linked to higher self-care scores (p < 0.001), while trial fasting improved self-efficacy (p = 0.001). Perceived glycemic control improved post-Ramadan (difficulty decreased from 72.8 to 65.4%, p = 0.001). Hypoglycemia caused 26.5% of fast-breaking episodes, though "other reasons" were more common. Older age and higher pregnancy order correlated with lower self-care and self-efficacy, while education and perceived health showed positive correlation. Conclusion:This study underscores the need for culturally sensitive, pregnancy-specific interventions to support safe fasting. Sustained education, individualized care, and preparation before Ramadan were linked to better outcomes, highlighting the importance of ongoing support beyond the fasting period for optimal diabetes management.

When students begin their academic life, they are subject to psychological, environmental, and economic changes, which may have implications for their dietary habits. This study aims to assess the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean food pattern (MFP), nutritional status, and food self-efficacy among a sample of higher education students in Portugal. This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2023, through an online questionnaire. A total of 114 students from public and private higher education participated in this study, predominantly female (68.7%) with a median age of 23 (20; 27) years. It was found that higher body mass index (BMI), older age (p > 0.003; r: 0.273), and greater adherence to the MFP were associated with higher food self-efficacy (p > 0.003; r: 0.273). No correlations were found between the other variables. When feeling stressed, students tend to consume more sweets, fast food, and fewer fruits and vegetables. Based on the correlations between BMI, adherence to the MFP, perceived stress, and food self-efficacy, it can be concluded that higher BMI, older age, and greater adherence to the MFP are associated with higher food self-efficacy. These results can be explored for future dietary interventions in this population group.

Background: Lifestyle behaviours, such as dietary patterns, sleep quality, perceived stress, and physical activity, are closely interconnected and play a critical role in maintaining health and well-being. Among school teachers, a profession marked by high psychosocial demands, the interplay between these factors warrants further exploration. Objective: This pilot study aimed to explore the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), sleep quality, perceived stress, and physical activity levels among Portuguese primary and secondary school teachers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2023. Participants completed validated self-reported instruments, including the MD Adherence Screener (MEDAS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Correlational analyses and multivariable linear regression models were applied to explore the relationships among the variables. Results: Among the 50 teachers, 32% demonstrated high adherence to the MD, 60% reported good sleep quality, 62% experienced moderate stress, and 44% engaged in high physical activity. Women were more likely to adhere strongly to the MD (p = 0.012). Higher MD adherence was positively associated with physical activity (ρ = 0.343; p = 0.015). A positive correlation was observed between perceived stress and poorer sleep quality (ρ = 0.346, p = 0.014), and a negative correlation between perceived stress and physical activity levels (ρ = -0.297, p = 0.036). Despite reporting good sleep quality, these participants had higher perceived stress scores (p = 0.015). In adjusted models, sleep quality was the only significant predictor of perceived stress (B = 0.708; p = 0.003), and vice versa (B = 0.267; p = 0.003), suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Conclusions: The findings highlight the interrelation between dietary pattern, sleep stress, and physical activity in a professional group vulnerable to lifestyle-related health challenges. Although the sample size limits generalisability, this study provides preliminary evidence supporting the need for integrated health promotion strategies targeting stress reduction and lifestyle optimisation among educators.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is vital for clinical professionals, including physicians, physiotherapists, nurses, dentists, and psychiatrists from diverse cultural backgrounds. EBP ensures the implementation of systematic, standardized, safe, and cost-effective interventions. While existing Saudi literature has primarily focused on current practitioners, exploring the perspectives of local healthcare students regarding EBP is essential. A descriptive survey with cross-sectional data collection was conducted online using the Arabic version of the Student Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (S-EBPQ) with 132 Saudi undergraduate students in the health sciences. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression were used for data analysis. The results indicate that undergraduate health sciences students viewed EBP positively, with the attitude subscale being the highest (mean = 5.32), and the practice subscale being the lowest (mean = 4.89). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed no significant differences due to demographic characteristics (gender, age, study year, and marital status). Retrieving and reviewing the evidence on the EBP practice revealed a significant positive effect (t = 3.537, P < 0.001, along with a significant positive effect of sharing and applying EBP (t = 2.255, P = 0.026) on the EBP practice. However, there was no significant effect of attitude toward EBP on the EBP practice (P = 0.921). This study revealed that significant levels of EBP exist among health sciences undergraduates; however, the outcomes showed that practice scores were less than attitude scores. While theoretical knowledge is strong, opportunities exist for improvement in critical analysis and application to specific cases. Moreover, educators can enhance proficiency through interactive learning experiences and practical workshops.

AbstractAimTo assess the mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional intelligence in the relationship between stress and academic engagement among Saudi undergraduate nursing students.DesignThis study employed a quantitative cross‐sectional research design.MethodsThe study recruited 367 Saudi undergraduate nursing students at a major Saudi university. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the mediational model.ResultsThe results of the ANOVA and Welch F‐test demonstrated that the emotional intelligence, emotional regulation and academic engagement scores were statistically significantly different according to stress levels (p‐values <0.01). Perceived stress has a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with academic engagement and emotional intelligence and a strong negative correlation with emotional regulation. The results also showed that academic engagement had a statistically significant moderate positive association with emotional intelligence and emotional regulation. Results indicate that stress and academic engagement are negatively correlated among Saudi undergraduate nursing students. It focuses on the balancing functions of emotional regulation and emotional intelligence, highlighting their ability to lower stress levels and improve academic engagement.No Patient or Public Contribution.

BACKGROUND:Nursing students often face high levels of stress due to demanding responsibilities during clinical placement. Emotional regulation, the ability to manage and regulate one's emotions effectively, is crucial for nursing students in dealing with stress and maintaining their overall well-being. Additionally, learning motivation plays a vital role in students' engagement and academic success. The current investigation aimed at studying the link that exists among stress, learning motivation, and emotional regulation among Saudi undergraduate nursing students. The study also aimed at investigating the sequential mediating effects that motivation might perform in this association. METHODS:A quantitative cross-sectional methodology was used in the present research, which recruited 367 Saudi undergraduate nursing students. RESULTS:The results of the ANOVA showed that the level of perceived stress was linearly and negatively correlated with emotional regulation and motivation. Upon conducting structural equation modeling, significant direct and indirect effect pathways were identified between perceived stress, emotional regulation, and motivation, while only indirect pathways were identified between perceived stress and emotional regulation. CONCLUSIONS:This study provides evidence of the mediating role of learning motivation in the relationship between perceived stress and emotional regulation among Saudi nursing students. The results highlight the negative impact of stress on emotional regulation and learning motivation and emphasize the importance of addressing motivational factors in interventions aimed at enhancing emotional regulation among nursing students.

Despite preventive measures and initiatives, road traffic accidents are on the rise in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the emergency medical service unit’s response to RTA by socio-demographic and accident-related variables in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This retrospective survey included Saudi Red Crescent Authority data on road traffic accidents between 2016 and 2020. As part of the study, information on sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, sex, and nationality), accident-related data (type and place of the accident), and response time to road traffic accidents were extracted. Our study included 95,372 cases of road traffic accidents recorded by the Saudi Red Crescent Authority in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2016 and 2020. Descriptive analyses were performed to explore the emergency medical service unit’s response time to road traffic accidents, and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictors of response time. Most of the road traffic accident cases were among males (59.1%), and the age group of 25–34 years accounted for about a quarter (24.3%), while the mean age of the road traffic accident cases was 30.13 (±12.86) years. Among the regions, the capital city of Riyadh experienced the highest proportion of road traffic accidents (25.3%). In most road traffic accidents, the mission acceptance time was excellent (0–60 s; 93.7%), movement duration was excellent (<120 s; 91.1%), reaching site duration was excellent (<12 min; 57.9%), treatment start time was excellent (<120 s; 76.4%), duration at the scene was poor (>15 min; 40.8%), reaching hospital duration was good (30–60 min; 52.7%), and in-hospital duration was poor (>15 min; 44.1%). Regions, places and types of accidents, age, gender, and nationality of victims were significantly associated with different parameters of response time. Excellent response time was observed in most of the parameters except the duration at the scene, reaching hospital duration, and in-hospital duration. Apart from the initiatives to prevent road traffic accidents, policymakers should focus on strategies to improve accident response time to save lives.

Background: Nursing Residency Programs (NRPs) reportedly help close the disparities in job-related knowledge, expertise, and attitudes that affect new nurses, healthcare organizations, and care quality by offering instructions and resources for new graduate nurses. Aim: This study aims to explore the relationship between work readiness and perceived clinical competence among graduates attending the NRP as compared to nurse interns at one university hospital. Methods: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional research design, recruiting 203 graduate nurses through a purposive sampling technique via electronic invitations. Results: The results of this study showed that graduates attending the NRP had higher scores at all levels of work readiness and clinical competence, with work readiness being found as a predictor of clinical competence. Conclusions: Healthcare organizations are responsible for exploring the transition to practice programs and their effectiveness in enhancing work readiness to increase the quality of care offered to patients and to prepare skillful new graduates for professional and safe practice.

The Escherichia coli that produces extended-spectrum lactamases (ESBL-E. coli) can develop resistance to many antibiotics. The control of ESBL-E. coli disorders is challenging due to their restricted therapeutic approaches, so this study aims to determine the prevalence and pattern of the antibiotic resistance of ESBL-E. coli among male and female patients with urinary tract infections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. During the period of 2019 to 2020 at King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, 2250 urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were collected, and microbial species were cultured and identified using standard biochemical techniques. A double-disc synergy test was used to identify ESBL-producing strains of E. coli, and an in vitro method and the clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) criteria were employed to determine the resistance of these strains to antimicrobial drugs. ESBL-E. coli was detected in 510 (33.49%) of the 1523 E. coli isolates, 67.27% of which were recovered from women and 33.7% of which were recovered from men. A total of 284 (55.69%) ESBL-E. coli isolates were found in patients under 50 years of age, and 226 (44.31%) were found in patients over 50 years of age. Nearly all the isolates of ESBL-E. coli were resistant to cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefuroxime, and cephalothin) and penicillin (ampicillin), whereas the majority of the isolates were sensitive to several carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem), aminoglycosides (amikacin), and nitrofurantoins. The development of antibiotic resistance by ESBL-E. coli, the most frequent pathogen linked to urinary tract infections, plays a crucial role in determining which antibiotic therapy is appropriate.

OBJECTIVE:Healthcare outbreaks, especially infectious disease pandemics, often stretch the healthcare systems to its limits. Healthcare systems have no option other than being supported by the participation of young and motivated healthcare providers (HCPs) in their undergraduate medical studies during their prevention and control internship program during the outbreak. Understanding key motivation factors influencing HCPs are vital to ensure their effective participation in such situations.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 undergraduate medical students at Qassim University in Saudi Arabia with the aim to describe the motivation factors that affect their willingness to volunteer during a pandemic. An online survey questionnaire was conducted.RESULTS:410 participants of which 239 (58.29%) were female, 108 (26.34%) were in their third academic year and 129 (31.46%) were between 21-22 years of age. More than 70% of participants showed willingness to volunteer during a pandemic. Their willingness to volunteer was motivated by distance of workplace to home, availability of transportation, being vaccinated, access to health care for self and family if affected, and provision of specialized training.CONCLUSIONS:Healthcare administrators and policy makers need to address these factors effectively to ensure the availability of skilled and motivated healthcare providers during a pandemic.

Needlestick and other sharp injuries (NSIs) are critical occupational hazard for healthcare workers. Exposure to blood and body fluids through NSIs increases the risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens among them. The objectives of this study were to estimate the one-year incidence of NSIs and investigate its associated factors among the healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between October and November 2021. A total of 361 healthcare workers participated in the survey from all over Saudi Arabia. The one-year incidence of NSIs among healthcare workers is estimated at 22.2%. More than half of the injury event (53.8%) was not reported to the authority by the healthcare worker. Incidence of NSIs was highest among the physicians (36%) and is followed by nurses (34.8%), dentists (29.2%), and medical technologists (21.1%). The likelihood of injury is higher (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.04, 6.03) among the works aged 26 &ndash; 30 years compared to the 20 &ndash; 25 years age group and the workers directly deal with needles or other sharp objects while working (OR: 5.90; 2.69, 12.97). The high incidence rate of injury and low reporting rate highlight the needs of an education program targeting healthcare providers with higher risk.

Novice nurses face immense challenges while they transition from being students to becoming professional nurses. Dealing with dying patients has been documented to be an immense task among professional nurses, especially for new nurses. This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of working with dying patients, experienced by novice nurses in Saudi Arabia. This study employed a phenomenological qualitative research methodology among the nurses who participated in this study, which were twelve participants, of various ages, genders, religions, and nationalities, who took part in semi-structured focus group discussions. The identified barriers included a lack of experience with dying patients; a language barrier with patients and medical staff; inadequate staffing; and patients' responses or cooperation. Furthermore, the facilitators were categorized into three themes: caring/compassion, teamwork/collaboration, and mentors/experienced colleagues. Based on the findings of this study, an action plan must be developed to improve the experience of novice nurses in Saudi Arabia, and to minimize the impact of the barriers on the new nurses when working with such patients.

INTRODUCTION Despite Pakistan's stringent tobacco control policy, its effective implementation has always been a challenge, leading to rising tobacco consumption. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of tobacco consumption and associated risk factors in the adult population of deprived urban areas. METHODS A community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to July 2019, comprising 607 adults residing in the urban squatter settlement of Lahore using a standardized questionnaire, the WHO STEPwise approach. The outcome was current use of tobacco and/or smokeless tobacco daily. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to determine factors associated with smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption. RESULTS Among 607 participants, about 64% were females, 49.3% were illiterate, 64.9% were currently unemployed, and 47.1% belonged to the low-income group. The prevalence of tobacco smoke was 10.5% (95% CI: 8.07-12.93), and smokeless tobacco consumption was 8.6% (95% CI: 6.38-10.82). Multivariable logistic regression found that smokeless tobacco was more likely among the aged 50-59 years (AOR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.1-13.8) and unemployed (AOR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.1-12.2). Whereas tobacco smoking was more likely among the aged 30-39 years (AOR=5.5; 95% CI: 1.8-16.7), Urdu ethnicity (AOR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.2-7.3), unemployed (AOR=6.6; 95% CI: 2.9-14.9), and never exposed to any media (AOR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.8-17.4). Participants exposed to health warnings were less likely to smoke (AOR=0.02; 95% CI: 0.01-0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study reports a high prevalence of tobacco consumption among adults and calls for effective policy implementation using a multi-pronged approach, including health professionals and media, to spread awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco and endorsement of health warnings on tobacco packaging.

Needle-stick or sharp injuries (NSIs) are critical occupational hazards for healthcare workers. Exposure to blood and body fluids through NSIs increases the risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens among them. The objectives of this study were to estimate the annual incidence of NSIs and investigate the associated factors of NSIs among the healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between October and November 2021. A total of 361 healthcare workers participated in the survey from all over Saudi Arabia. The one-year incidence of at least one event of NSIs among the healthcare workers is estimated at 22.2% (95% CI: 18.0, 26.8). More than half of the injury events (53.8%) were not reported to the authority by the healthcare workers. Incidence of NSIs was highest among the physicians (36%) and was followed by nurses (34.8%), dentists (29.2%), and medical technologists (21.1%). The odds of NSIs was higher among the healthcare workers aged 26–30 years compared to the 20–25 years age group (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.04, 6.03), as well as among the workers who directly dealt with needles or other sharp objects while working compared to those who did not (OR: 5.9; 95% CI: 2.69, 12.97). The high incidence and low rate of reporting of NSIs highlights the need of education and awareness raising programs targeting healthcare providers with higher risk of injury.

Healthcare-associated infections lead to considerable morbidity, a prolonged hospital stay, antibiotic resistance, long-term disability, mortality and increased healthcare costs. Based on the literature, some individual and socio-demographic factors including knowledge, age and length of service or work experience, gender and type of profession influence compliance with infection prevention and control procedures. In addition, organizational culture, which refers to the assumptions, values, and norms shared among colleagues, can influence an individual's thinking and healthcare workers' behavior, either positively or negatively. Infection control practices based on the perspective of patients, hospital management and healthcare workers may help develop a better understanding of the factors influencing compliance with infection prevention and control policies and guidelines.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) lead to considerable morbidity. Prolonged hospital HAIs, also known as hospital infections or nosocomial infections, refer to infectious diseases that occur within 48 h of hospital admission, within three days of discharge or 30 days after having received healthcare. A total of 39 government-owned hospitals with a total of 10,822 beds providing the majority (59.9%) of Saudi Arabian healthcare were analyzed. Medicare and Medicaid use hospital data to track hospital performance on matters pertaining to IPC. In addition, many hospitals have limited capacity with which to develop the core components required to build an effective IPC programme. Hajj has been associated with the increased prevalence and spread of infectious diseases. These factors include changes in human demographics and behaviour, the effect of new technologies and industries, an increase in international travel and commerce, and breakdown resulting from public health measures. Overall public health service expenditure originates from the administration and services that are provided free of charge to all Saudi citizens.

Objective: This study assessed the intention and predictors of accepting the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in Jordan. Method: A national-level online survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in Jordan between June and September 2021. Descriptive analyses were performed to report vaccination intent. In addition, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to evaluate the association between vaccination intent and its predictors. Results: A total of 2307 adults participated. Most of them (83.7%) expressed an intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Their vaccination intention was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with male gender (aOR: 2.6), residence in the Amman region (aOR: 51.8), and no history of COVID-19 infection (aOR: 6.0). In contrast, individuals aged 50-64 years (aOR: 0.2, p < 0.001), Jordanians (aOR: 0.7, p = 0.038), and those with an occupation designated as “other” (unemployed, general workers, housewives) (aOR: 0.2, p < 0.001) were less likely to have a positive vaccination intent. Among the health belief model constructs, perceived future (aOR: 2.8) and present (aOR: 5.0) susceptibility to COVID-19 infection; severity of complications (aOR: 9.9); and benefits (aOR: 100.8) were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with a higher likelihood of having a vaccination intent. On the other hand, individuals who are concerned about the efficacy (aOR: 0.2) and side effects (aOR: 0.2) of the vaccine were less likely to have a positive vaccination intent (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite having high rates of intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, Jordanians, older adults and housewives, general workers and unemployed individuals were less likely to be vaccinated. These findings highlight that need-based public health campaigns are necessary to ensure maximum COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Jordan.