In the context of a persistently volatile financial market and increasingly fierce competition, the ability to create liquidity is considered the "lifeblood" of survival for banks-a key factor in maintaining the role of financial intermediaries and ensuring the stability of the economic system. This paper investigates the impact of diversification strategy (including funding and income diversification) on the liquidity creation of 27 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2003 to 2023. We adopt panel data regression approaches, integrating endogeneity correction and robustness tests to ensure the accuracy of the results. The findings reveal that while income diversification has a positive impact on liquidity creation, funding diversification, conversely, tends to diminish the liquidity generation capacity of Vietnamese commercial banks. Furthermore, the quantile regression results indicate that the negative impact of funding diversification is more apparent in banks with low liquidity creation. In contrast, for banks with superior liquidity capacity, income diversification is more beneficial. The results obtained not only contribute to the development of banking management theory but also provide useful suggestions for policymakers and managers in building sustainable development strategies for the Vietnamese banking system.

This study examines whether green innovation is associated with superior profitability among Vietnamese listed manufacturing firms. Using a balanced panel of 86 firms listed on HOSE and HNX over 2016-2024 (774 firm-year observations), we construct five disclosure-based green innovation indices—green management, green process, green product, green technology, and green marketing—via an entropy-weighting approach applied to annual-report information. We estimate panel regressions with firm and year fixed effects, cluster-robust standard errors at the firm level, and additional pooled OLS, random-effects, and feasible GLS specifications as robustness checks. Across estimators, all five green dimensions exhibit positive and statistically significant associations with return on assets, indicating that firms with stronger green-oriented practices tend to report higher profitability. The estimated links are economically more pronounced for green process and green product innovation, consistent with efficiency and product-differentiation channels. Liquidity is positively related to profitability, while leverage is negatively related, and firm age shows limited explanatory power. The findings suggest that, in Vietnam’s listed manufacturing sector, green upgrading is more consistent with value creation than with a pure compliance-cost narrative, and that policy efforts to improve disclosure comparability and verification can help channel capital toward firms with substantive green execution.

This study develops a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model that incorporates the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to assess depositor protection outcomes in a sample of commercial banks. A total of six criteria is taken into account: Right to Information, Confidentiality and Data Protection, Deposit Insurance Effectiveness, Transparency of Banking Terms, Complaint Resolution Mechanism, and Strength of Regulatory Supervision. The results of the AHP show the greatest influence on the Deposit Insurance Effectiveness criterion (0.30), followed by Right to Information (0.24) and Transparency of Banking Terms (0.16), while the Complaint Resolution Mechanism has the lowest weight (0.07). The consistency ratio of 0.00372 strongly supports the consistency of the expert judgments, indicating high reliability. The TOPSIS analysis has determined Bank B3 as the most performing, with a closeness coefficient of 1.00, followed by B4 (0.5708), B1 (0.4413), and B2 (0.0678). Sensitivity and visualization analyses strengthen the results and underscore the prevailing importance of depositor assurance and transparency. Indeed, the protection of savings depositors is a fundamental requirement for ensuring financial stability, particularly in banking systems undergoing rapid digital and regulatory transformation. The suggested framework provides a methodological, evidence-based method of evaluating legal protection frameworks and evidence-based financial policy choices. Further studies can build upon this methodology with real-world data, intercountry comparisons, and more sophisticated hybrid models to make it more applicable in dynamic financial settings.

PurposeThis research examines how bank competition and corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect the stability of Vietnamese commercial banks.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing data collected from 24 commercial banks spanning the period from 2015 to 2022, the paper employs the two-step system generalized method of moments (SGMM) regression method to find the impact of competition and CSR on commercial banks’ stability in Vietnam.FindingsThe key findings are (1) increased competition boosts commercial bank stability; (2) economic and environmental CSR initiatives adversely affect bank stability, while social CSR has a positive impact; (3) seven other factors are also identified to enhance bank stability, including bank size, cost management efficiency, independent management, inflation, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, monetary policy and volatility time.Originality/valuePrior studies have not concurrently incorporated both CSR and bank competition in their investigations of bank financial stability. Specifically, the comprehensive components of CSR remain underexplored, with a predominant focus on its environmental dimension. This research stands out as one of the few endeavors scrutinizing the influence of competition and CSR on commercial bank financial stability in Vietnam, with a detailed investigation of all three components of CSR.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-04-2024-0316

Purpose - The paper aims to examine the moderating role of factors such as foreign leadership and listing on the relationship between ownership structure and credit risk (CR) in Vietnamese commercial banks. Design/methodology/approach - Research data were collected from 28 commercial banks in Vietnam over the period 2009-2023. The system-generalized method of moments was employed to generate the estimated results. Findings - The research results revealed that (1) the negative impact of foreign ownership (FO) on CR was stronger for banks with foreign board members and (2) the positive impact of ownership concentration on CR was weaker for listed banks. Research limitations/implicationsRecommendations are proposed to regulatory agencies and commercial banks to mitigate credit risks. Originality/value - This research develops theories related to the role of control and empowerment of foreign shareholders in mitigating CR in banks. Specifically, the developed theories emphasize that (1) the governance mechanism towards empowering and responsibilities of foreign shareholders would help utilize FO to mitigate CR and (2) the control and monitoring mechanism would mitigate the impact of concentrated ownership in increasing CR.

Purpose | The aim of the paper is to examine the impact of economic and non-economic factors on financial inclusion in Asian countries. The factors were covered at macro level (GDP per capita, population density, and unemployment rate), at micro level (Domestic Credit provided by sector as a percent of GDP), and at meso level (the mobile phone penetration). Research method | The fixed effect model (FEM) and the random effects model (REM) were used to quantify the effect of independent variables on financial inclusion. FEM was chosen in this article based on the Hausman test results. Results | The article has given conclusions as follows: (i) GDP growth, domestic credit, and mobile phone penetration have a significant positive effect on financial inclusion; (ii) there is a negative effect of population density, contrary to most studies; (iii) as in other studies, the unemployment rate has the negative impact on financial inclusion. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | The study has included different types of independent variables. In addition to the unemployment rate, population density, domestic credit and GDP growth rate, the impact of mobile phone penetration on financial inclusion was examined. The evolution of mobile telecommunications has become a central point of public policy debate due to the key role it plays in improving living standards, financial inclusion and economic growth.

Motivated by the extensive application of approximate gradients in machine learning and optimization, we investigate inexact subgradient methods subject to persistent additive errors. Within a nonconvex semialgebraic framework, assuming boundedness or coercivity, we establish that the method yields iterates that eventually fluctuate near the critical set at a proximity characterized by an O(ϵ ^ρ ) distance, where ϵ denotes the magnitude of subgradient evaluation errors, and ρ encapsulates geometric characteristics of the underlying problem. Our analysis comprehensively addresses both vanishing and constant step-size regimes. Notably, the latter regime inherently enlarges the fluctuation region, yet this enlargement remains on the order of ϵ ^ρ . In the convex scenario, employing a universal error bound applicable to coercive semialgebraic functions, we derive novel complexity results concerning averaged iterates. Additionally, our study produces auxiliary results of independent interest, including descent-type lemmas for nonsmooth nonconvex functions and an invariance principle governing the behavior of algorithmic sequences under small-step limits.

The increasing role of digitalization in the banking sector necessitates an in-depth analysis of the impact of information technology (IT) investments on bank profitability. The paper analyzes the influence of IT investments on the profitability of Vietnamese commercial banks. The data were collected from 27 commercial banks in Vietnam between 2010 and 2022. The methodology used in this paper is the Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) regression. The key results indicate that investment in IT has improved the overall performance of banks, as evidenced by an average increase of 1.8% in Return on Assets (ROA) and 15.3% in Return on Equity (ROE). In addition, the Equity-to-Asset ratio exerts a favorable influence on bank performance, increasing ROA by 15.7% and ROE by 40.9%. Furthermore, bank size also demonstrates a positive correlation with both ROA and ROE, raising it by 0.3% and 2.3%, respectively. Based on these findings, more efficient investment in digital transformation, collaboration with Fintech firms, IT competence enhancement for staff, and communication promotion for Vietnamese commercial banks are recommended. Enabling environments for bank digital transformation should be provided by the Government in building a centralized database and electronic systems, introducing fintech regulations, establishing digital ecosystems, and implementing security solutions. AcknowlegmentThis paper is funded by the National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam.The authors would like to express their gratitude to the comments from chairs, scholars, and audiences at the 19th International Conference on Humanities & Social Sciences 2024 – Applying Humanities & Social Sciences for a sustainable future, Khonkhaen University, Thailand (ICHUSO-011). This paper has been revised significantly after presenting at the IC-HUSO 2024 Conference.

Sliced Optimal Transport (OT) simplifies the OT problem in high-dimensional spaces by projecting supports of input measures onto one-dimensional lines and then exploiting the closed-form expression of the univariate OT to reduce the computational burden of OT. Recently, the Tree-Sliced method has been introduced to replace these lines with more intricate structures, known as tree systems. This approach enhances the ability to capture topological information of integration domains in Sliced OT while maintaining low computational cost. Inspired by this approach, in this paper, we present an adaptation of tree systems on OT problems for measures supported on a sphere. As a counterpart to the Radon transform variant on tree systems, we propose a novel spherical Radon transform with a new integration domain called spherical trees. By leveraging this transform and exploiting the spherical tree structures, we derive closed-form expressions for OT problems on the sphere. Consequently, we obtain an efficient metric for measures on the sphere, named Spherical Tree-Sliced Wasserstein (STSW) distance. We provide an extensive theoretical analysis to demonstrate the topology of spherical trees and the well-definedness and injectivity of our Radon transform variant, which leads to an orthogonally invariant distance between spherical measures. Finally, we conduct a wide range of numerical experiments, including gradient flows and self-supervised learning, to assess the performance of our proposed metric, comparing it to recent benchmarks.

Đặt vấn đề: Tình trạng nhiễm khuẩn huyết diễn tiến thường nặng và không có chiều hướng tự khỏi nếu không được điều trị kịp thời. Các cơ sở khám chữa bệnh đối mặt với tình trạng kháng kháng sinh của vi khuẩn. Vì vậy, cần có các biện pháp can thiệp phù hợp. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Đánh giá kiến thức và thái độ của bác sĩ trước và sau can thiệp về sử dụng kháng sinh điều trị nhiễm khuẩn huyết tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Cà Mau năm 2022-2023. Đối tượng và Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu trên 118 bác sĩ có sử dụng kháng sinh điều trị tại bệnh Bệnh viện Đa khoa Cà Mau bằng bộ câu hỏi soạn sẵn. Xử lý số liệu bằng phần mềm SPSS 23.0. Kết quả nghiên cứu: Kiến thức chung đúng về sử dụng kháng sinh trước can thiệp là 68,6%; sau can thiệp tăng lên 99,2% với chỉ số hiệu quả can thiệp là 44,6%; Thái độ đúng trước can thiệp về sử dụng kháng sinh trước can thiệp là 25,4%; sau can thiệp tăng lên 34,7% với chỉ số hiệu quả can thiệp là 36,6%, sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê với p<0,001. Kết luận: Can thiệp có hiệu quả cải thiện kiến thức và thái độ của bác sử lâm sàng có sử dụng kháng sinh tại bệnh viện.

This paper is aimed at analyzing the factors affecting the saving intention and behavior of young people in Vietnam. Employing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM), data from 236 respondents were analyzed to assess the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable, saving behavior. Deep interview techniques were also incorporated to bolster the quantitative model’s outcomes. The empirical findings align with prior research (Rodermund, 2012; Phan & Zhou, 2014) and provide evidence supporting the view of high correlations between the saving behaviors of young people and personal finance factors. First, all three factors including financial literacy, subjective norms, and saving attitudes have a positive impact on young people’s saving intention. Second, saving intention has a significant positive impact on saving behavior. Recommendations to young people, parents of young people, educational institutions, and government agencies are proposed for improving the saving behaviors of young people toward financial independence in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

Đặt vấn đề: Chiến lược 2X là một kỹ thuật mới, góp phần đáng kể vào việc tăng cường phát hiện bệnh nhân lao, đưa người bệnh vào điều trị sớm, cắt đứt nguồn lây trong cộng đồng, giảm tỷ lệ mắc lao mới, giảm tỷ lệ tử vong. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Xác định tỷ lệ mắc lao, đặc điểm X-quang ngực ở bệnh nhân mắc lao phổi và một số yếu tố liên quan đến lao phổi tại thành phố Cần Thơ năm 2023. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu trên 3166 người dân tham gia sàng lọc của chiến lược 2X tại thành phố Cần Thơ năm 2023 bằng bộ câu hỏi soạn sẵn. Xử lý số liệu bằng phần mềm SPSS 23.0. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ mắc lao trong nhóm nghiên cứu là 3,2%. Kết quả chụp XQuang có 81,8% bệnh nhân tổn thương đám mờ, 80,4% tổn thương tại vùng đỉnh phổi, 44,6% tổn thương 1/3 phổi phải. Một số yếu tố liên quan đến bệnh lao: Nhóm tuổi trên 64 (p<0,005); nam giới (p<0,001); mù chữ (p=0,021); kinh tế nghèo (p=0,015); X-quang tổn thương dạng đám mờ (p<0,001) và dạng hang (p=0,001). Kết luận: Chiến lược 2X đã cho thấy hiệu quả trong việc phát hiện sớm bệnh lao, cắt đứt nguồn lây trong cộng đồng.

Motivated by the conspicuous use of momentum-based algorithms in deep learning, we study a nonsmooth nonconvex stochastic heavy ball method and show its convergence. Our approach builds upon semialgebraic (definable) assumptions commonly met in practical situations and combines a nonsmooth calculus with a differential inclusion method. Additionally, we provide general conditions for the sample distribution to ensure the convergence of the objective function. Our results are general enough to justify the use of subgradient sampling in modern implementations that heuristically apply rules of differential calculus on nonsmooth functions, such as backpropagation or implicit differentiation. As for the stochastic subgradient method, our analysis highlights that subgradient sampling can make the stochastic heavy ball method converge to artificial critical points. Thanks to the semialgebraic setting, we address this concern showing that these artifacts are almost surely avoided when initializations are randomized, leading the method to converge to Clarke critical points.

We study the optimal transport (OT) problem for measures supported on a graph metric space. Recently, Le et al. (2022) leverage the graph structure and propose a variant of OT, namely Sobolev transport (ST), which yields a closed-form expression for a fast computation. However, ST is essentially coupled with the $L^p$ geometric structure within its definition which makes it nontrivial to utilize ST for other prior structures. In contrast, the classic OT has the flexibility to adapt to various geometric structures by modifying the underlying cost function. An important instance is the Orlicz-Wasserstein (OW) which moves beyond the $L^p$ structure by leveraging the *Orlicz geometric structure*. Comparing to the usage of standard $p$-order Wasserstein, OW remarkably helps to advance certain machine learning approaches. Nevertheless, OW brings up a new challenge on its computation due to its two-level optimization formulation. In this work, we leverage a specific class of convex functions for Orlicz structure to propose the generalized Sobolev transport (GST). GST encompasses the ST as its special case, and can be utilized for prior structures beyond the $L^p$ geometry. In connection with the OW, we show that one only needs to simply solve a univariate optimization problem to compute the GST, unlike the complex two-level optimization problem in OW. We empirically illustrate that GST is several-order faster than the OW. Moreover, we provide preliminary evidences on the advantages of GST for document classification and for several tasks in topological data analysis.

This study is aimed at analyzing factors affecting retail customers' satisfaction when using m-banking services at Vietnamese commercial banks with Sacombank -Hanoi Branch being the main focus.Based on the theoretical framework of the SERVQUAL model developed by Parasuraman et al. (1988) and other relevant literature, this study identifies five major determinants of customer satisfaction when using m-banking consists of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, tangibility, and empathy.A survey was undertaken to collect primary data from 208 retail customers at Sacombank Hanoi Branch who have used Sacombank's m-banking services.Using Structural Equation Modeling, this study concludes that all five characteristics have a positive influence on satisfaction.Particularly, the five factors of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, tangibility, and empathy are found to have declining beneficial effects on satisfaction.Based on the analytical results, specific solutions and recommendations are proposed for the Hanoi branch in particular and Sacombank's head office in general in order to improve customer satisfaction when using m-banking services.

Bài viết có mục tiêu đánh giá tác động của hành vi trộm cắp danh tính trực tuyến tới ý định sử dụng dịch vụ ngân hàng điện tử (E-banking) của khách hàng Việt Nam trong bối cảnh bất định. Với cấu trúc tuyến tính SEM và dữ liệu khảo sát từ 441 cá nhân, các phát hiện chính của nghiên cứu là: (i) Nỗi lo sợ về bảo mật và quyền riêng tư có mức độ tác động khác biệt tới E-banking và Internet banking. Đây là điều khác biệt so với các nghiên cứu trước, chứng tỏ sự phân biệt rõ ràng của người tiêu dùng giữa các loại hình trong E-banking; (ii) Niềm tin tác động tích cực đến ý định sử dụng E-banking, nhưng tác động tiêu cực đến Internet banking, thể hiện xu hướng khách hàng ít dùng kênh Internet Banking (iii) Nỗi sợ bị đánh cắp danh tính trực tuyến ảnh hưởng tích cực đến niềm tin. Điều này ngược với các nghiên cứu trước đây, chứng tỏ các quy định và công tác ngăn chặn hành vi trộm cắp danh tính trực tuyến đã thành công giúp tăng niềm tin với các giao dịch trực tuyến; (iv) Nỗi sợ bị đánh cắp danh tính trực tuyến tác động tích cực đến nỗi lo sợ về bảo mật và quyền riêng tư, chứng tỏ khách hàng có sự hiểu biết tài chính tốt hơn. Do vậy, các ngân hàng cần đánh giá lại quy trình áp dụng Fintech, gia tăng sự tin cậy của khách hàng khi thực hiện giao dịch trên E-banking.

BACKGROUND:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is among the top global health crises. As confirmed by the Vietnam Ministry of Health on 25th January 2023, Vietnam had a cumulative total of more than 11.52 million COVID-19 patients, including 10.61 million recoveries and 43,186 deaths. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics, treatment progress, and outcomes of 310 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS:A total of 310 patients with medical records of SARS-CoV-2 were admitted to Can Tho City Hospital of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Can Tho city, Vietnam, between July 2021 and December 2021. Demographic and clinical data, including laboratory examinations, of all the patients were collected and analyzed. RESULTS:The median duration of hospital stay was 16.4 ± 5.3 days. There were 243 (78.4%) patients with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and 67 (21.6%) patients without clinical symptoms. The common symptoms included cough (71.6% of 310 patients), fever (35.4%), shortness of breath (22.6%), sore throat (21.4%), loss of smell/taste (15.6%), and diarrhea (14.4%). Regarding treatment outcomes, 92.3% of the patients were discharged from the hospital, 1.9% of the patients suffered a more severe illness and were transferred to a higher-level hospital, and 5.8% of the patients died. The RT-PCR results were negative in 55.2% of the patients, and 37.1% of the patients had positive RT-PCR results with Ct values of >30 on the discharge/transfer day. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that comorbidity and decreased blood pH were statistically significantly related to the treatment outcomes of the patients with COVID-19 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:This study provides useful information (i.e., the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes) on the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam during its biggest outbreak; the information may be used for reference and for making improvements in the handling of future health crises.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện với mục đích xác định các yếu tố tác động đến việc áp dụng quản trị rủi ro doanh nghiệp (QTRRDN) của các công ty niêm yết trên thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam trong bối cảnh bất ổn định địa chính trị quốc tế đang gia tăng hiện nay. Dữ liệu được thu thập từ 345 công ty trong khoảng thời gian từ 2018 đến 2021. Mô hình logistic với dữ liệu bảng được nhóm tác giả sử dụng để cung cấp bằng chứng cho các ảnh hưởng của các nhân tố đến việc áp dụng QTRRDN ở Việt Nam, cụ thể các yếu tố liên quan đến bất ổn định địa chính trị, quy mô doanh nghiệp, kiểm toán viên, nhóm ngành, cơ hội tăng trưởng, tính độc lập của hội đồng quản trị đều có tác động tích cực đáng kể, trong khi tài sản vô hình và thiếu hụt tài chính được tìm thấy có mối quan hệ tiêu cực với việc áp dụng QTRRDN trong các công ty. Ngoài ra, tỷ lệ lợi nhuận trên tổng tài sản và đòn bẩy tài chính không cho thấy bất kỳ mối tương quan nào với quyết định tham gia vào QTRRDN. Dựa trên kết quả thu được, chúng tôi đưa ra những khuyến nghị về các yếu tố quan trọng ảnh hưởng đến việc thích ứng và thực hiện quản trị rủi ro của doanh nghiệp, đặc biệt trong giai đoạn bất ổn địa chính trị đang diễn ra.

Many cross-country studies find the significant role of Fintech in accelerating the pace of financial inclusion, filling a gap left by traditional service providers , delivering affordable , suitable financial services to the poor. Vietnam is one of the countries having the lowest financial inclusion state with merely 31% of adults having an account at a formal financial institution. However, the country is among the emerging fintech markets in the region with an increasing rate of digital penetration. Contributing to the increasing literature on digital inclusive finance, our research investigates the effects of Fintech on financial inclusion in Vietnam. The paper uses the data on Vietnam's digital financial inclusion stage and households in two years 2018 and 2020. The data on households is obtained from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys (VHLSSs) in 2018 and 2020. In general, Vietnamese households have low access to all formal financial services. In addition, the popularity of using Fintech products such as mobile and internet banking services and online payment has a significant impact on household usage of savings, accounts, ATMs, and credit cards.

This paper is aimed at investigating the impact of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) on firm value in Vietnam. Data is collected from 345 publicly traded companies on the Vietnamese stock exchange, covering 1,380 firm-year observations from 2018-2021. Then, the research team applied the quantitative methodology by using panel data with the model of a general least square (GLS) to evaluate the effect of ERM on firm value. In this study, we investigate the existence of appropriate ERM practices in Vietnamese businesses and their potential to enhance business value. The key results provide compelling empirical support for the advantage of effective ERM adoption in improving firm value in Vietnam. In addition, our findings point out that most of the factors examined, namely ROA, Firm Size, Total Asset Turnover, and Dividends show a significant positive effect, whereas Geopolitical Instability, Financial Leverage, and Firm Age are found to negative impact on firm value and Sales Growth has an insignificant relationship with the change in the value of the firm. Based on the results, our suggested recommendations are that companies should pay more attention to adapting and performing enterprise risk management in order to maximize the value, especially during a period of ongoing geopolitical instability.