OBJECTIVE:Romantic partners influence each other's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) through social control (intentional influence). Non-autonomy-limiting strategies (persuasion) may yield favourable outcomes, whereas autonomy-limiting strategies (pressure) may provoke reactance and fail. Although strategies likely lie on a continuum of how autonomy-limiting they are, research typically treats them dichotomously. We introduce plan-related pushing as an intermediate strategy. We examine daily dyadic associations of control with MVPA, mood, and reactance. METHODS:Thirty-eight inactive couples attempting to increase MVPA wore accelerometers and completed daily questionnaires for 55 days. We employed dyadic Bayesian multilevel modelling. RESULTS:When individuals experienced more persuasion, they were more likely to engage in (self-reported) MVPA. When individuals experienced more pressure or plan-related pushing, reactance was more likely. When individuals' partners experienced more control (any type), individuals were more likely to engage in MVPA, but these links disappeared when accounting for social support. No robust associations for mood emerged. CONCLUSIONS:While persuasion may promote MVPA, both pressure and plan-related pushing may backfire. Future studies should further evaluate the utility of conceptualising control strategies along a continuum of autonomy-limitation. Moreover, future research should continue to disentangle dyadic effects of support and control on health behaviour change in close relationships.

Dyadic interactions of couples are of interest as they provide insight into relationship quality and chronic disease management. Existing sensing systems primarily infer social structure within groups retrospectively, or capture couples’ interactions at random or scheduled times, which could miss meaningful interpersonal interactions between partners. In this work, we developed a smartwatch-based algorithm that detects interaction moments between partners and enables interaction-aware data capture in everyday settings. It uses the Bluetooth signal strength between two smartwatches, each worn by one partner, and a voice activity detection machine-learning model that we trained, to infer that the partners are interacting and then trigger data collection. We operationalized this sensing approach by developing, deploying, and evaluating DyMand, an open-source smartwatch and smartphone system that integrates multimodal sensor and self-report data collection in situ. We deployed the DyMand system in a 7-day field study and collected and analyzed data about social support and diabetes discussions from 13 (N=26) Swiss-based heterosexual couples managing diabetes mellitus type 2 of one partner. Our system evaluation showed that 77.6% of algorithm-triggered recordings contained partners’ conversation moments compared to 43.8% for scheduled triggers, and that DyMand was easy to use. Preliminary insights into disease management behavior revealed that 5.2% of couples’ conversation moments contained social support, and partners discussed diabetes management 2.4% of the time based on the audio data analyses. In contrast, the self-report data showed that patients received support in 67.7% of couples’ interactions and caregivers provided support in 71.8% of couples’ interactions. DyMand enables insights into dyadic behavior in-situ, and could be used by social, clinical, or health psychology researchers to understand the social dynamics of couples that are managing chronic diseases in everyday life to inform the development and delivery of behavioral interventions.

Das Standardlehrbuch der Gesundheitspsychologie bietet in der 5., vollständig überarbeiteten Auflage Studierenden einen klar strukturierten Einstieg in das Fach. Verständlich und prägnant vermittelt es klassische ebenso wie neuere theoretische Ansätze, Methoden und empirische Befunde. Themen wie Gesundheitsverhalten, Stress- und Krankheitsbewältigung, Verbindungen zwischen Persönlichkeit und Gesundheit, die Relevanz sozialer Beziehungen sowie gesundheitspsychologische Interventionen – von klassischen Verfahren wie Stressmanagement bis hin zu modernen E-Health-Ansätzen – werden kompakt dargestellt. Fragen zum Lernstoff nach jedem Kapitel erleichtern die Prüfungsvorbereitung.

Background: Depressive symptoms and other mental health issues are highly prevalent worldwide, yet many healthcare systems struggle to meet the resulting prevention and treatment demands. This disparity often results in long delays before psychotherapy begins and symptoms may deteriorate during the searching and waiting period. Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) offer a scalable, digital solution by providing personalized support during such critical periods. While most existing JITAIs focus on individual- level exercises (e.g., mindfulness meditations), the mobilization of social resources remains understudied despite being a well-established protective health factor. Building on a previous feasibility study, this protocol evaluates a JITAI which was developed based on existing theory and through a participatory approach. The intervention aims to foster social support processes for adults with elevated depressive symptoms who are seeking outpatient psychotherapy. Specifically, the JITAI is designed to increase perceived social support resources and self-care activities while aiding the social support-seeking process at critical points in daily life, as identified via Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs). The first objective is to evaluate the JITAI's effectiveness in reducing daily levels of depressive symptoms and increasing received social support, as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes are loneliness and perceived social support. The second objective is to compare the relative efficacy of three JITAI triggering strategies (i.e., decision rules) to identify the most effective timing for intervention delivery. Methods: This 21-day micro-randomized trial targets a sample size of 120 psychotherapy-seeking individuals experiencing elevated depressive symptoms. Participants are randomized on a daily level into four equally weighted triggering conditions: (1) vulnerability-triggered, (2) vulnerability and receptivity- triggered, (3) support-need-triggered, and (4) no-intervention control. JITAI triggering data are collected via five daily EMAs and outcomes are assessed every evening. If triggered, the JITAI is presented directly after the EMA assessments. Discussion: If effective, this JITAI provides a low-threshold, personalized digital support to increase the activation of social resources during the time before formal therapy. By additionally comparing triggering strategies, this study addresses a critical empirical gap regarding when is “just-in-time” for interventions. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT07471529. Registered on 02.03.2026.

BackgroundSocial exchange processes, such as social support and social control, can promote health behavior change. However, these processes are often neglected when studying health behavior change and designing interventions. Intervening on these social exchange processes using dyadic interventions may provide a promising approach to promote health behaviors. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of dyadic interventions to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in romantic couples. Furthermore, we explored how the target, type, and timing of the interventions affect their effectiveness. MethodsIn total, 38 romantic couples (mean age 34.01, SD 11.03 y) were recruited through online advertisements and participated in a smartphone-based microrandomized trial over 55 days consisting of control and intervention phases. The fully automated dyadic interventions included a one-time psychoeducation intervention, weekly dyadic and collaborative planning, and dyadic just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs). MVPA was measured through daily diaries and wrist-worn accelerometers. We used multilevel modeling to estimate the effect of the intervention phase and weighted and centered estimation for microrandomized trials to estimate the treatment effects of dyadic and collaborative planning, as well as the dyadic JITAIs. ResultsParticipants indicated higher device-based (b=5.88, SE=3.04, t3665=1.93; P=.03) and self-reported (b=8.26, SE=3.88, t3904=2.13; P=.01) MVPA during the intervention phase compared with the control phase. Dyadic and collaborative planning did not increase device-based (b=6.31, SE=5.18; P=.12) but only self-reported (b=14.25, SE=5.16; P=.005) MVPA. However, the effects of the 2 kinds of planning on self-reported MVPA disappeared when additional covariates were included (b=0.14, SE=3.32; P=.48). Furthermore, the dyadic JITAIs targeting both the actor and the partner increased device-based (actor: b=11.17, SE=3.18; P<.001; partner: b=7.23, SE=3.60; P=.03) and self-reported (actor: b=17.34, SE=3.65; P<.001; partner: b=11.82, SE=4.10; P<.001) MVPA. However, the effects of the dyadic JITAIs targeting the actor disappeared for self-reported MVPA (b=2.20, SE=3.22; P=0.25) when additional covariates were included. Exploratory analyses revealed that different types and timings of dyadic JITAIs were differentially effective. ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the promising effects of dyadic interventions to promote MVPA and highlighted the importance of the target, type, and timing of the interventions. Further research should investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of dyadic interventions on health behaviors. Trial RegistrationISRCTN registry ISRCTN15673058; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15673058

The first experience of sexual intercourse can shape relationships, self-concept, and social status, making it a potentially important milestone for personality development. Yet, little is known about how personality traits relate to the timing of first intercourse or whether this experience is associated with subsequent personality changes. Using data from more than 5,000 German adolescents (aged 14–19 years at baseline) followed for up to 10 years, we examined reciprocal associations between first intercourse and the Big Five personality traits. Extraverted youth were more than 80% more likely to have experienced intercourse at baseline and started about 7.5 months earlier than average, whereas agreeable and open youth experienced their first intercourse somewhat later. We also found some evidence for mean-level decreases in extraversion in the years following first intercourse, and distinct change patterns in openness depending on youth’s gender. The present findings highlight the predictive power of personality traits—and especially extraversion—for first intercourse and how this milestone can reciprocally shape personality development. We discuss the results with regard to personality development and relationship theories, integrating sexual milestones into the study of life transitions and identity formation, while highlighting the dynamic interplay between individual traits and environmental influences.

Couples generally manage chronic diseases together and the management takes an emotional toll on both patients and their romantic partners. Consequently, recognizing the emotions of each partner in daily life could provide insight into their emotional well-being in chronic disease management. Currently, the process of assessing each partner's emotions is manual, time-intensive, and costly. Despite the existence of works on emotion recognition among couples, none of these works have used data collected from couples' interactions in daily life. In this work, we collected 85 h (1021 5-min samples) of real-world multimodal smartwatch sensor data (speech, heart rate, accelerometer, and gyroscope) and self-reported emotion data (n = 612) from 26 partners (13 couples) managing diabetes mellitus type 2 in daily life. We extracted physiological, movement, acoustic, and linguistic features, and trained machine learning models (support vector machine and random forest) to recognize each partner's self-reported emotions (valence and arousal). Our results from the best models-balanced accuracies of 63.8% and 78.1% for arousal and valence respectively-are better than the results from (1) chance, (2) prior work that also used data from German-speaking, Swiss-based couples, and (3) partners' perceptions of each other's emotions. This work contributes toward building automated emotion recognition systems that would eventually enable partners to monitor their emotions in daily life and enable the delivery of interventions to improve their emotional well-being.

Focus theory of normative conduct and social identity theory propose that the degree of social identification with a group moderates the influence of social norms on behavior. The current study protocal reports two studies testing this causal assumption in the context of health protective behaviors during a health crisis using a newly developed experimental manipulation of both social identity and social norms regarding protective behaviors during a health crisis in a virtual social environment. A new virtual social environment was co-created with Citizen Scientists and will be used in two experiments covering several online sessions to test (a) the manipulation of social identity, and (b) the manipulation of social norms regarding protective behaviors in a simulated health crisis (Study 1: using a vignette approach; Study 2: using the virtual social environment). The main outcome is adherence to protective behaviors (Study 1: self-reported; Study 2: behavior within the virtual social environment). We successfully developed and implemented the virtual social environment using a Citizen Scientist approach. The Citizen Scientists report high overall participation experiences co-creating the virtual social environment, as well as high learning gains in coordinating with others, using GitHub/Git, and game mechanics. Both studies will provide insights into (1) the development of a virtual social environment in collaboration with Citizen Scientists, (2) methods for experimentally manipulating social identity and social norms, and (3) the causal mechanisms linking social identity, and social norms to protective behaviors. We expect that the findings inform methodological approaches for experimentally simulating social situations that typically lay outside experimental control (here: a health crisis) and assessing health-related behaviors, future Citizen Science-based approaches, and theory on social influence on behavior during a health crisis. The trial registration ID is ISRCTN97703902. We registered the studies with ISRCTN on February 6, 2025, with the last update on March 5, 2025.

Background Engaging in health behaviors often occurs within a social context. This recognition has led to a notable growth in intervention approaches designed explicitly to involve a "close other," often referred to as dyadic interventions. Yet, there has been surprisingly little discussion of what makes an intervention dyadic.Methods To address this gap, we developed the DYADIC meta-framework (Describe Your focAl Dyadic Intervention Components) based on iterative discussions.Results The DYADIC meta-framework delineates 4 dimensions that capture distinct ways an intervention can be dyadic: Who is there? What is done? How does it work? What is the outcome? These features can combine in distinct configurations, such that an intervention may be dyadic in only 1 dimension or across all 4. For each dimension, we propose criteria to distinguish between individual and dyadic operationalizations. The DYADIC meta-framework for dyadic interventions broadens how researchers conceptualize an intervention as dyadic, identifies meaningful ways in which dyadic interventions can differ, and facilitates testing whether different dyadic features uniquely promote behavior change.Conclusions Together, these contributions lay the foundation for generating the evidence-based guidance to optimize dyadic intervention design. The framework is designed to be applicable across diverse dyad types (eg, romantic partners, family members, adolescent friends). Many health behaviors take place with other people, for example, managing an illness with a spouse or exercising with a friend. Because of this, more programs are being designed to involve a "close other," often called dyadic interventions. Yet, researchers have not defined exactly what makes an intervention dyadic, which has made it difficult to compare findings across studies. To address this, we developed the DYADIC meta-framework (Describe Your focAl Dyadic Intervention Components). This framework identifies 4 different ways an intervention can involve 2 people:1. Who is there? (Who is invited or present)2. What is done? (The activities or strategies used)3. How does it work? (The processes the activities or strategies aims to change)4. What is the outcome? (The results for one or both persons)An intervention is considered dyadic if at least one of these areas involves both persons. The DYADIC framework offers a clear structure and shared language to design, describe, and compare such interventions. It helps researchers and practitioners make decisions about how to involve 2 people and to test which combinations of dyadic components best support healthy behavior change-across couples, friends, and families alike.

OBJECTIVES:This study examined daily associations between experiencing health-related social control (persuasion and pressure) from a close other and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), smoking abstinence, reactance-related behaviours (oppositional behaviour), and positive and negative affect. Additionally, we investigated whether daily and person-mean preference for self-reliance moderated these associations. DESIGN:A secondary analysis of two 21-day daily-diary studies was conducted: one tracked MVPA in patients after cardiac rehabilitation (n = 137), and another investigated adults' attempts to quit smoking (n = 71). METHODS:Participants completed daily questionnaires. Minutes of MVPA were measured using hip-worn accelerometers, and smoking abstinence was assessed dichotomously with carbon monoxide monitors. Bayesian multilevel models tested within-person effects. RESULTS:Across both studies, higher daily pressure was linked to increased odds of above-average reactance-related behaviours. Pressure was further unfavourably associated with MVPA and affect in the cardiac rehabilitation sample, but unrelated to smoking abstinence and affect in the smoking cessation study. Daily persuasion only showed a small favourable association with positive affect in the smoking cessation sample. However, exploratory moderation analyses indicated it might be more effective for improving health behaviour when coming from a romantic partner. Neither daily nor person-mean preference for self-reliance moderated any associations, but the latter displayed unfavourable associations with affect and reactance-related behaviour in the smoking cessation study. CONCLUSIONS:Daily pressure appears consistently counterproductive. Associations for persuasion may be more nuanced, potentially shaped by factors like the message source. Although preference for self-reliance did not moderate any associations, its unfavourable direct associations warrant further investigation.

Introduction. Prediction and prevention of suicidal ideation (SI) remain challenging, largely because traditional approaches have focused less on individual variability in its moment-to-moment fluctuations. To address this gap, we examined how group-level network models capture average dynamic associations over time, while person-specific networks reveal individual deviations in both contemporaneous and time-lagged relationships, clarifying how changes in cognitive or emotional states precede within-person changes and subsequent fluctuations in SI, particularly in relation to perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and hopelessness. Methods. Twenty-four psychiatric inpatients (75% female, mean age = 33.6, SD = 10.7) completed ecological momentary assessments (five prompts/day) for 28 days post-discharge, reporting passive and active SI, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and hopelessness. Data were analyzed using Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation (GIMME) to derive group- and individual-level networks. Results. Group-level GIMME networks showed contemporaneous and lagged connections between passive and active SI. Individual-level GIMME networks showed that for 30.4% of individuals, hopelessness mediated the link between interpersonal risk factors, passive, and active SI. Conclusion. By identifying both shared and person-specific temporal pathways, these findings highlight the value of dynamic, idiographic assessment strategies for advancing precision psychiatry in suicide prevention.

OBJECTIVE:Digital technologies offer promising opportunities for smoking cessation interventions. Understanding whether interventions target key determinants of behaviour change is crucial for effective intervention development. This study tested the effects of the SmokeFree Buddy app, which encourages smoking cessation with the help of a buddy, on theoretically derived and pre-registered psychosocial determinants. METHODS:A total of 162 adults intending to quit smoking were randomized to an intervention (N = 81; SmokeFree Buddy app + assessments) or a control group (N = 81; assessments only). All participants completed end-of-day diaries for 3 days at baseline, from 7 days before to 20 days after a self-set quit date and for 3 days at the 6 months follow-up, reporting on daily amount and quality of support receipt, self-efficacy and action control. RESULTS:Multilevel analyses showed that participants in the intervention group had higher daily self-efficacy and were more likely to report daily support receipt (yes/no) from the quit date on until 20 days after compared to participants in the control group. However, on support days, the amount and quality of support were lower for intervention group participants. No group differences 6 months later emerged. In both groups, action control significantly increased from baseline to post-quit. CONCLUSIONS:Findings showed that the SmokeFree Buddy app was effective in fostering self-efficacy and increasing the likelihood of support interactions in the social network during a quit attempt. Contrary to expectations, it did not necessarily foster higher quality support, suggesting that a differentiated view on support dynamics is needed.

BACKGROUND:Dyadic interventions involving a close other (eg, romantic partner) have gained increased awareness and shown initial promise, but a shared language and systematic approach to describing their intervention content (ie, dyadic behavior change techniques [DBCTs]) is lacking. PURPOSE:This study aimed to further develop a comprehensive and expert-validated Compendium of DBCTs focused on health behavior change in romantic couples to support intervention development and facilitate intervention reporting. METHODS:A 2-round Delphi process with international experts (1: N = 20; 2: N = 19) was conducted. Experts rated the clarity and comprehensibility of DBCTs, as well as their expected link with the most proximal mechanisms of action. Additionally, 14 experts convened for an online discussion via video conferencing to address key issues and emerging questions. RESULTS:The resulting Compendium of DBCTs v2.0 includes 219 DBCTs that specify who (ie, execution) does what (ie, intervention task) for whom (ie, target). DBCTs are linked to 32 hypothesized most proximal mechanisms of action. An interactive Webtool (www.dbctcompendium.com) was created to facilitate access to and use of the Compendium. CONCLUSIONS:The Compendium of DBCTs v2.0 offers a classification of DBCTs validated through expert consensus. It supports systematic development and reporting of dyadic interventions aimed at health behavior change in couples by specifying hypothesized links with underlying mechanisms of action. Future research should focus on identifying the effectiveness of DBCTs under various conditions and the Compendium's applicability to other dyad types and behavioral domains.

**Background.** Suicidal ideations (SI) are amongst the strongest predictors for suicide attempts, yet reliable prediction models for suicide risk are still lacking. One challenge is that SI may vary when indexed over time. This could be due to SI subgroups that might hold crucial information for suicide risk prediction. We aimed to expand on prior approaches that averaged across the SI trajectories and instead use an approach that respects the temporal nature of SI. **Methods.** First, we applied longitudinal clustering to ecological momentary assessment SI data (5 assessments/day over 28 days) of 51 psychiatric patients (61% female, mean age = 35.26, *SD* = 12.54). Specifically, we used KmlShape, an algorithm that takes the SI raw scores and measurement occasion index as input. Second, we regressed each subgroup on established clinical SI risk factors (i.e., history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, hopelessness, diagnosis of depression, diagnosis of anxiety disorder, and history of abuse). **Results.** We identified four subgroups with distinct SI patterns: (1) “Episodic intensity SI” (high mean, high variability), (2) “Consistent low average SI” (lowest mean, lowest variability), (3) “Chronic moderate average SI” (low mean, low variability), and (4) “Intermittent high SI” (highest mean, highest variability). Further, the subgroups were meaningfully associated with clinical characteristics, i.e., the least severe SI subgroup (“Consistent low average SI”) entailed the least hopeless individuals (beta = -0.95, 95% CI = -1.04, -0.86), and the most severe SI subgroup (“Intermittent high SI”) the most hopeless (beta = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72, 0.95). **Conclusion.** Applying longitudinal clustering to EMA collected from patients with SI allows to identification of valid and reliable SI subgroups with more distinct clinical characteristics, an important step towards a better understanding of SI and a basis for improving prediction and prevention. **Trial Registration.** 10DL12_183251.

BackgroundJust-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) aim to provide psychological support during critical moments in daily life. ObjectiveThis preregistered study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a social support JITAI for individuals with subclinical and clinical levels of depressive symptoms awaiting psychotherapy. Triggered by ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reports, the intervention encouraged participants to activate their (digital) social support networks. MethodsA total of 25 participants completed 2689 EMA surveys and received 377 JITAIs over an 18-day intervention period, including a microrandomized trial, to compare 4 strategies to trigger an intervention: fixed cutoff points of distress variables, personalized thresholds (through Shewhart control charts) of distress variables, momentary support need, and no intervention. ResultsThe results showed high feasibility, with participants completing 85.37% (2689/3150) of the EMA surveys, exhibiting a low study-related attrition rate (7%; total attrition rate was 17%), and reporting minimal technical issues. Engagement and perceived helpfulness were heterogeneous and moderate, with participants seeking support in one-third of the instances after an intervention was triggered instances. JITAIs triggered by self-reported need for support were rated as more appropriately timed, helpful, and effective for promoting support-seeking behavior compared to those based on distress indicators, despite being triggered less frequently. Barriers, such as time constraints and perceived unavailability of support providers, likely affected support-seeking behavior, as indicated by additional qualitative analyses. Exploratory effectiveness analyses indicated Cohen d effect sizes between 0.06 and 0.14 in reducing distress after JITAIs were received. ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrate that a social support JITAI is feasible to implement, with high compliance and minimal technical issues. However, further research is needed to evaluate the JITAI’s effectiveness and optimize trigger strategies in addressing individual needs for and barriers to engagement.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of individual, dyadic, and collaborative planning on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcome) and energy-dense food intake (secondary outcome) in dyads of parents and their 9-15-year-old children. Individual planning reflects an "I-for-me" planning of one person's behavior. Collaborative ("we-for-us") planning refers to joint planning of both dyad members' behavior, whereas dyadic ("we-for-me") planning involves joint planning of only the target person's behavior. Method: N = 247 dyads participated in a randomized controlled trial with individual, dyadic, or collaborative physical activity (PA) planning and control conditions (education about PA, sedentary behavior, nutrition, energy intake-expenditure balance). MVPA was measured with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers at baseline, 1-week, and 36-week follow-ups. Energy-dense food intake was self-reported at baseline, 9-week, and 36-week follow-ups. Linear mixed models were fit for parents and children separately. Results: At the 36-week follow-up, children in the dyadic "we-for-me" planning condition decreased their MVPA compared to the control condition. At the same time, children in the dyadic planning condition also decreased energy-dense food intake at the 36-week follow-up. No effects were found among children in individual and collaborative PA planning conditions. Parents in any experimental conditions decreased energy-dense food intake. Conclusions: Children's decrease in MVPA in dyadic PA planning condition was offset by a reduction of energy intake, which may represent a compensatory mechanism. The limited effectiveness of the dyadic "we-for-me" interventions in parent-child dyads may result from young people's needs for individuation and their reactance to parental support. Objetivo: Este estudio fue dise & ntilde;ado para investigar los efectos de la planificaci & oacute;n individual, di & aacute;dica y colaborativa sobre la actividad f & iacute;sica de moderada a intensa (MVPA, por sus siglas en ingl & eacute;s; resultado primario) y la ingesta de alimentos ricos en energ & iacute;a (resultado secundario) en diadas de padres y sus ni & ntilde;os de 9 a 15 a & ntilde;os. La planificaci & oacute;n individual refleja una planificaci & oacute;n "yo para m & iacute;" del comportamiento de una persona. La planificaci & oacute;n colaborativa ("nosotros para nosotros") se refiere a la planificaci & oacute;n conjunta del comportamiento de ambos miembros de la diada, mientras que la planificaci & oacute;n di & aacute;dica ("nosotros para m & iacute;") implica la planificaci & oacute;n conjunta & uacute;nicamente del comportamiento de la persona objetivo. M & eacute;todos: N = 247 d & iacute;adas participaron en un ensayo controlado aleatorio con condiciones de planificaci & oacute;n y control de actividad f & iacute;sica (PA, por sus siglas en ingl & eacute;s) individual, di & aacute;dica o colaborativa (educaci & oacute;n sobre PA, comportamiento sedentario, nutrici & oacute;n, equilibrio entre consumo y gasto de energ & iacute;a). La MVPA se midi & oacute; con aceler & oacute;metros ActiGraph wGT3X-BT al inicio, a la semana y a las 36 semanas de seguimiento. La ingesta de alimentos ricos en energ & iacute;a fue autoinformada al inicio, a las 9 semanas y a las 36 semanas de seguimiento. Los modelos lineales mixtos se ajustaron para padres e hijos por separado. Resultados: En el seguimiento de 36 semanas, los ni & ntilde;os en la condici & oacute;n de planificaci & oacute;n di & aacute;dica "nosotros para m & iacute;" redujeron su MVPA en comparaci & oacute;n con la condici & oacute;n de control. Al mismo tiempo, los ni & ntilde;os en la condici & oacute;n de planificaci & oacute;n di & aacute;dica tambi & eacute;n redujeron la ingesta de alimentos ricos en energ & iacute;a en el seguimiento de 36 semanas. No se encontraron efectos entre los ni & ntilde;os en condiciones de planificaci & oacute;n de PA individual y colaborativa. Los padres en cualquier condici & oacute;n experimental redujeron la ingesta de alimentos ricos en energ & iacute;a. Conclusiones: La disminuci & oacute;n de la MVPA en los ni & ntilde;os en la condici & oacute;n de planificaci & oacute;n di & aacute;dica de la PA se vio compensada por una reducci & oacute;n de la ingesta de energ & iacute;a, lo que puede representar un mecanismo compensatorio. La eficacia limitada de las intervenciones di & aacute;dicas de "nosotros para m & iacute;" en las diadas de padres e hijos puede deberse a las necesidades de individuaci & oacute;n de los j & oacute;venes y a su reacci & oacute;n al apoyo de sus padres.

Background Physical activity is essential for health and wellbeing. However, many individuals fail to reach the recommended levels and obesity rates are increasing. Health-related social control refers to strategies employed by 1 person (agent) to influence another person’s (target) health behavior. These strategies can be classified into persuasion (eg, encouraging or motivating) or pressure (eg, nagging or coercing). However, much of the existing research is cross-sectional and mostly focuses on the experiences of the targets. Purpose This study investigates how persuasion and pressure within overweight romantic couples relate to outcomes in both agents and targets. Specifically, it examines same-day associations with positive and negative affect, as well as physical activity. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of the 14-day follow-up period from a randomized controlled trial. Accelerometers and daily diaries tracked 99 overweight romantic couples. For each outcome and each partner, separate multilevel models were fitted. Results Daily persuasion used by agents was associated with increased physical activity in targets and a more favorable affect in agents. Daily pressure was not associated with the physical activity of either partner but was linked to a more unfavorable affect in the agent. Both persuasion and pressure were unrelated to the targets’ affect. Conclusions Health-related social control in romantic relationships relates to same-day outcomes of both agents and targets. Our findings suggest that health behavior change interventions and weight loss programs could benefit from encouraging persuasion and limiting pressure.

Tools that can be used to collect behavioural data during pandemics are needed to inform policy and practice. The objective of this project was to develop the Your COVID-19 Risk tool in response to the global spread of COVID-19, aiming to promote health behaviour change. We developed an online resource based on key behavioural evidence-based risk factors related to contracting and spreading COVID-19. This tool allows for assessing risk and provides instant support to protect individuals from infection. The Risk Estimation Questions assessed users’ location, age, gender, work environment, day-to-day behaviours currently performed, and conditions under which these behaviours would change. Users were also asked to estimate how often they keep their distance from others in public and regularly wash their hands, and the procedures they follow to do so. A multidisciplinary research team of more than 150 international experts developed the tool. Over 60,000 users in more than 150 countries have assessed their risk and provided data. The majority of respondents reported that they almost always keep their distance from others in public places, and most participants reported washing their hands after touching public or shared surfaces or when entering buildings. The tool, data, and results were openly shared to support government and health agencies developing behaviour change interventions. This tool creates a blueprint for similar digital infrastructure that can be replicated and used in future pandemics.

Partners in romantic relationships influence each other's behaviors through various social exchange processes. One underexplored process that is assumed to be relevant for couples' behaviors is companionship. Companionship is defined as experiencing pleasurable social interactions or engaging in shared activities for the purpose of having an enjoyable time. This study investigated how companionship is associated with physical activity and behavior concordance in physical activity (i.e., similarity in partners' physical activity) in romantic couples. A total of N = 5377 couples (Mage = 66.80; SDage = 11.05) from the US-based Health and Retirement Study completed four measurement points across 6 years. Multilevel response surface analysis was used to analyze the association between companionship and physical activity. There was a positive linear association between companionship and physical activity in mixed-gender couples. However, this association disappeared when controlling for covariates (i.e., education, race, household wealth, body mass index, age, health status, and relationship quality). There was no evidence of an association between companionship and behavior concordance. Future research should investigate short-term dynamics and the direction of causality for the association between companionship and behaviors of interest.