Abstract The deformation of a part occurring in the process of grinding directly influences its exploitation and quality parameters. The instability of shape and size, which occurs due to an imbalance of residual stress, can be the one of the major causes of deformation of a part. The decrease in stress slows down the deformation process. Considering the regularities of heat source intensity dependence on the grinding modes, it can be asserted that with increasing grinding depth and grinding wheel hardness, the value increases and it decreases with a growth in a speed of the part and the use of cooling. The higher the heat removal is and the better lubricant properties of the liquid are, the more significant the decrease in is. Changing these values allows regulation of the residual stresses. As a result of the research on determination of deformations, it is recommended to reduce thermal deformations by considering the geometric size of a plate to be machined, linear expansion coefficient of plate material and an allowance for nonflatness from thermal deformations. The value of nonflatness from thermal deformations is directly proportional to linear expansion coefficient of plate material and its square overall dimensions. At the same time, the value of nonflatness is inversely proportional to the plate thickness.
Abstract The growing number of cars cities is worsening the quality of life of our citizens, aggravating their problems with mobility, social inequality, health and ecology. The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals implies carrying out measures aimed at reducing the impact of urban transport systems in three interrelated directions. The aim of this chapter is describe the conditions and measures to reduce the negative impact of these problems combined into transport policy measures in two ways. The method of expert assessments allowed to rank these activities in order to establish the sequence of their implementation in cities in order to bring their state closer to the “livable city”.
Abstract Complexity of grinding process and phenomena entailing it not always allow reaching required technological results, especially while machining surfaces of parts made of tough-to-machine steels, which are liable to crack propagation. Cracks can occur in these parts during grinding due to considerable temperature difference along the section, which can cause formation of high temporary internal tensile stress. Application of cooled air in grinding process exerts considerable influence over temperature decrease in cutting area. In addition, it depends not only on heat exchange, but also on properties of cold air flow. The greatest effect of temperature decrease can be reached by injection of cold air flow in cutting area with implementation of vortex effect, which occurs in swirl flow of compressed air originating in vortex tube. The study of heat generation during machining by tools with discontinuous cutting surface and vortex air cooling was carried out. Obtained thermophysical parameters of vortex air cooling (increase in speed of stream flowing, expansion degree, share of cold stream and decrease in humidity of air stream) allow reducing heat density due to growth of cooling effect in grinding zone. On the base of experimental studies we developed recommendations for choice of optimal grinding modes by tool with discontinuous cutting surface and vortex air cooling of flat parts made of steels being liable to cracking.
Abstract The article briefly describes the factors affecting the workability of coal seams. Next, the construction and principle of operation of a globally unique device for determining the values of forces involved in the cutting process (coal extraction) named POU-BW/01-WAP by the author were presented. It is the only device in the world that determines two of the three component forces that are involved in the cutting process. To this end, two independent measuring blocks were used, which consist of tensometric force sensors: cutting (Fs) and pick downforce (Fd). To register these forces, a real pick was used, which is used in longwall drum shearers - a conical pick. The device has ATEX certification that allows working in real conditions, as a device intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres - in accordance with Directive 94/9/EC. The instrument has received many awards at global inventiveness and innovative solution trade shows.
The main problems in the operation of UGS are associated with the security operation that requires continuous environmental monitoring. Monitoring should be carried out over the parameters of operation of UGS and environmental indicators. From positions of logistic approach their relationship should be analyzed within a single system. This will effectively set the abnormal deviations and make timely corrective action to operational parameters.
The article presents the results of studies conducted in a company manufacturing aluminium forgings for the automotive industry. The aim of the research was to identify the defects which form during the production process as well as the locations and causes of their occurrence. Selected quality management tools were used in the process. Based on the FMEA and the costs generated by the identified defects, a hierarchy of them was created for the company along with a proposal of improvements in case of the most significant ones in order to reduce their number and increase the detection efficiency.
The article in accordance with the "process approach" ISO 9000 is substantiated the necessity of creating underground gas storage system monitoring and control, including objects, parameters, methods, frequency and corrective action, on the basis of which made structural formula monitoring cycle. Qualimetrical approach allows to define complex criteria of an estimation of efficiency of operation, which will help to make timely and effective management decisions, including from the perspective of environmental protection.
To enhance the energy security of the Kaliningrad region, given its enclaves, launched the first phase of underground gas storage (UGS). The aim of the study is to identify the problems, connected with operation of gas storage and determination of ways of their overcoming. The article in accordance with the process ISO 9000 is substantiated the necessity of creating the Kaliningrad UGS system of monitoring and control, including objects, parameters, methods, frequency and corrective action, on the basis of which made structural formula monitoring cycle. The basic indicators of the four interrelated processes of exploitation of underground storage facilities, as well as their regulated value. Qualimetrical approach allows you to define a comprehensive performance evaluation of operating efficiency, which will help to make timely and effective management decisions, including from the perspective of environmental protection.
Expert systems can be defined as computer programs, whose main task is to simulate a human expert, usually in a narrow field of expertise. Possible applications of modern information technology are very extensive, ranging from medicine, geology and technology to applications in the field of economic and financial decision support.The purpose of this paper is to present the practical application of an expert system that supports the process of managing the production of yachts and has a high suitability for use in this application.Using the expert system described in the paper reduces thetime during the design and production preparation process.
The article pointed out the desirability of use of the “process approach” to material and technical equipment of enterprise, which will link its processes and develop an effective management system. It is proposed a form of table (matrix) to enter data into an electronic database. In addition, it is proposed to create a unified management system and a set of information about procurement activities with the efficiency assessment of the resource purchasing processes and their quality through comprehensive quality indicators.
The article describes received by the author multifactorial models of fracture of materials according to the technological scheme typical for building and road machines. Analysis of the models allows to set a reasonable ratio between speed and mass impact energy components to their use in the design. The relationship was obtained to determine the reasonable value of operating voltages generated by the instrument, depending on the strength properties of a destroyed object. Using an expression to determine the speed of the striker with the well-known strength of a destroyed material, a formula was obtained for the prediction of the resource of mobile connections drums executive bodies.
Growth of motorization level leads to the necessity of crossroads modernization and this is reflected in the other movement participants. This article discusses and compares the methods of cyclists traffic management on roundabout in terms of security, efficiency of implementation, simplicity of organization and cost.
Prolonged and intensive use of the gas transportation system of the Kaliningrad region, led to the deterioration of a number of areas. This article discusses the current state of the gas transmission system and possible options for its repair without interrupting the gas supply to the Kaliningrad region.
