Nowadays, machine learning (ML) is one of the significant technology in the new era. It almost applies to all the fields in our lives. ML has a notable impact on medical care when dealing with medical images. Medical images are used to investigate the internal-parts of the body of human. The type and size of medical images vary from one scan to another. Besides, medical images are not like natural images. While natural images can perform object detection and classification easily, even if the images are re-sized to smaller images. Resizing medical images is not an efficient method because they interact with pixel-level. In this chapter, medical imaging modalities and histopathology are explained. Furthermore, the best medical image type and size for classification and detection of medical diagnoses are explained. Moreover, specific methods are considered in medical images such as image compression, image format, image resize, and other essential aspects. Finally, we also give a brief summary of deep learning algorithms that are used with medical images.

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death among women worldwide. Early detection helps in reducing the number of early deaths. The data presented in this article reviews the medical images of breast cancer using ultrasound scan. Breast Ultrasound Dataset is categorized into three classes: normal, benign, and malignant images. Breast ultrasound images can produce great results in classification, detection, and segmentation of breast cancer when combined with machine learning.

Breast classification and detection using ultrasound imaging is considered a significant step in computer-aided diagnosis systems. Over the previous decades, researchers have proved the opportunities to automate the initial tumor classification and detection. The shortage of popular datasets of ultrasound images of breast cancer prevents researchers from obtaining a good performance of the classification algorithms. Traditional augmentation approaches are firmly limited, especially in tasks where the images follow strict standards, as in the case of medical datasets. Therefore besides the traditional augmentation, we use a new methodology for data augmentation using Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). We achieved higher accuracies by integrating traditional with GAN-based augmentation. This paper uses two breast ultrasound image datasets obtained from two various ultrasound systems. The first dataset is our dataset which was collected from Baheya Hospital for Early Detection and Treatment of Women's Cancer, Cairo (Egypt), we name it (BUSI) referring to Breast Ultrasound Images (BUSI) dataset. It contains 780 images (133 normal, 437 benign and 210 malignant). While the Dataset (B) is obtained from related work and it has 163 images (110 benign and 53 malignant). To overcome the shortage of public datasets in this field, BUSI dataset will be publicly available for researchers. Moreover, in this paper, deep learning approaches are proposed to be used for breast ultrasound classification. We examine two different methods: a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach and a Transfer Learning (TL) approach and we compare their performance with and without augmentation. The results confirm an overall enhancement using augmentation methods with deep learning classification methods (especially transfer learning) when evaluated on the two datasets.