对鸭绿江丹东段2016-2019 年的8 次跟踪采样监测数据进行分析.结果表明,鸭绿江丹东段6 个站点的主要污染指标非离子氨质量浓度均值分别为0.18、0.14、0.18、0.17、0.24 和0.04 mg/L,普遍高于《渔业水质标准》标准值(0.02 mg/L).其余检测指标符合《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质标准.为此,鸭绿江丹东段综合水质污染指数及河流等级为Ⅲ类.

In order to grasp the characteristics of plankton community structure in Liaoyang urban section of theTaizi River, the research carried out an investigation of plankton in this water area from January to December2021 and evaluated the water quality status. A total of 110 species, 53 genera and 7 phyla of phytoplankton were detected. Among them, there were 59 species of diatom, 32 species of Chlorophyta, 8 species of Cyanophyta, 4 species of dinoflagellate, 3 species of Cryptophyta and 3 species of gymnophyta, and 1 species of Chrysophyta. A total of 36 species, 25 genera and 4 phyla of zooplankton were detected, including 23 species of rotifers, 7 species of protozoa, 3 species of Cladocera and 3 species of Copepoda. The variation range of phytoplankton abundance is 4.70×10~4-2.68×10~6ind./L, with an average of 5.35×10~5ind./L. The abundance of zooplankton varies from 1.0-280.0 ind./L, with an average of 33.5 ind./L. The water quality status of Liaoyang urban section of the Taizi River is considered in a medium polluted state.

为了解鸭绿江上游和下游斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri)肌肉营养品质的差异,本文对其肌肉常规营养成分含量、脂肪酸组成与含量进行测定和比较分析.结果显示:鸭绿江上游斑鳜粗脂肪含量显著高于下游斑鳜(P＜0.05),两者肌肉中的水分、粗蛋白、灰分含量差异不显著(P＞0.05);鸭绿江上游和下游斑鳜肌肉中分别含有 16 种和 17 种脂肪酸,上游斑鳜肌肉中饱和脂肪酸占35.886%、单不饱和脂肪酸占34.184%、多不饱和脂肪酸占29.922%,下游斑鳜肌肉中饱和脂肪酸占34.913%、单不饱和脂肪酸占34.895%、多不饱和脂肪酸占30.181%;从脂肪酸的组成特征来看,上游斑鳜肌肉中必需脂肪酸占11.735%、ω-6/ω-3比值为 0.919、DHA+EPA 含量占 11.672%,下游斑鳜肌肉中必需脂肪酸占 9.571%、ω-6/ω-3 比值为0.781、DHA+EPA含量占12.939%.结果表明,鸭绿江斑鳜肌肉必需脂肪酸组成相对平衡,且含量较为丰富.以必需脂肪酸、ω-3 系列多不饱和脂肪酸和ω-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸作为评价指标,上游斑鳜肌肉脂肪酸营养价值较下游斑鳜高.

鸭绿江流经吉林、辽宁两省,由于地理条件和自然环境适宜,鱼类资源丰富,既有冷水性鱼类和温水性鱼类,还有河口性鱼类,蕴藏有许多名特经济鱼类.近年来,为满足广大养殖者和消费者的需求,在鸭绿江鱼类开发利用方面进行了大量的研究工作,对推动辽宁淡水渔业的发展,农民增收致富起到了重要的作用.本文综述了鸭绿江鱼类资源特点、亚洲公鱼、香鱼、斑鳜、唇(黯)及鸭绿沙塘鳢等主要经济鱼类的开发利用研究及养殖现状,并围绕鸭绿江鱼类资源调查、网箱养殖管理、良种选育及饲料开发等方面提出了建议.

2017-2019年4月下旬和9月中旬,在水丰水库浑江口段至哑巴沟段,用网目8 cm、18 cm的流刺网和网目1 cm的地笼,共采集河鲈Perca fluviatilis Linnacus样本171尾,研究鸭绿江水丰水库河鲈的年龄结构和生长特性.结果显示:河鲈体长范围10.1～30.7cm,优势体长10～20cm,占总样本87.1％;体质量范围16～856g,优势体质量组为200 g以下组,占总样本88.9％.种群年龄由1～6龄组成,优势年龄组为1～2龄,占样本总数的80.1％,其中2龄个体最多,占总数的43.3％,高龄鱼较少.体长(L,)与体质量(Wt)拟合关系式为:Wt=0.0085Lt33545(R2=0.9665,n=169).Von Bertalanffy 生长方程为:L,=71.43[1-e-0.074(1+1.622)],Wt=14068.95[e1--0.074(1-1.622]3.3545,生长系数k为0.074.拟合生长速度和生长加速度方程,生长拐点年龄ti为14.7龄.

该试验在水温8℃～10℃条件下,利用循环水孵化槽对银鲑(Oncorh ynchuskisutch)发眼卵进行孵化.30d后,鱼卵破膜,再经过30d饲养鱼苗上浮后转入圆形玻璃缸内培育,当鱼苗达到10g后可进行70d的银化培育.

于2015年6月-2019年10月对水丰水库浮游植物群落结构和水质状况进行了19次调查.结果表明:水丰水库共发现浮游植物7门43属76种(以丰度＞1000 cells ? L-1计),其中硅藻门33种,绿藻门27种,蓝藻门6种,裸藻门5种,隐藻门和甲藻门各2种,金藻门1 种;浮游植物丰度为1.20×104～6.03×106 cells ? L-1,平均值为7.13×105 cells ? L-1;优势种有依沙束丝藻(Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi)、分歧锥囊藻(Dinobryon divergens)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、扭曲小环藻(Cyclotella comta)、克洛脆杆藻(Fragilariacrotonensis)、尖针杆藻极狭变种(Synedra acus var.angustissi-ma)、美丽星杆藻(Asterionellcforrrosa)、转板藻(Mougeotia sp.)、针状新月藻近直变种(Clos-terium acicular var.subprorum);浮游植物优势种、污染指示种、浮游植物丰度、Shannon多样性指数、综合营养状态指数均显示水体呈中营养或中富营养状态;藻类综合指数显示水体呈富营养状态;浮游植物生物量显示水体呈贫营养状态;水丰水库属中营养状态.

The oxygen consumption rhythm in 24 h at water temperature of(15 ± 0.5)℃ and oxygen con-sumption rate and asphyxial threshold were investigated in the fish Barbatula barbatula nuda with body weight of(1.88 ± 0.33)g(small),(4.24 ± 0.61)g(medium),and(7.27 ± 0.76)g(large)at water tem-perature of 0,2,5,10,15,20,25,27 and 30 ℃ using a flowing respirometry.The results showed that there was higher oxygen consumption rate at 8:00—16:00 than that at 18:00—6:00,without significant difference(P>0.05).However,the fish had significantly higher oxygen consumption rate from 12:00 to 20:00 than during 22:00—10:00(P<0.05),with very significant increase in oxygen consumption rate as water temperature was warming(2 to 27 ℃)(P<0.01).The oxygen consumption rate(y)was decreased with increase in body weight(x)in diurnal variation as power equation of y=0.1426 x-0.2055(r2=0.9414). The small fish with(1.88 ± 0.33)g had very significantly different oxygen consumption rate from the me-dium(4.24 ± 0.61)g and large(7.27 ± 0.76)g fish(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference in the oxygen consumption rate between medium and large fish(P> 0.05).The asphyxial point was ex-pressed as a declining curve as the water temperature was elevated(2 to 10 ℃),the minimum at 10 ℃, and increased as the water temperature increased(15 to 27 ℃).The findings provide references for physi-ology,pond culture and ecological protection of fish B.barbatula nuda.

近年来,经过综合治理,鸭绿江丹东段水质污染得到了有效控制,江水水质明显改善.为了给鸭绿江生态环境保护及渔业生产提供科学技术支撑.于2010—2015年长达6年对鸭绿江下游(丹东段)6个代表性断面进行了12次采样调查和实验室分析,并采用水质综合评价方法对鸭绿江下游(丹东段)水质进行评价.检测结果表明水质状况总体有所好转.采用流域综合水质指数法对鸭绿江下游(丹东段)总体水质状况进行评价,流域水质指数2010～2015年为3.83、2.67、2.83、3.50、2.17、2.67,该河段以Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水质为主;通过对该江段进行渔业水质分析发现,该流域渔业生态环境逐年变好,资源逐渐得以修复和增加.

哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen Pallas),属鲑形目,鲑科,鲑亚科,哲罗鱼属,又名哲罗鲑,是我国珍稀名贵冷水性鱼类.野生哲罗鱼在我国的新疆、黑龙江流域还有分布,其常年栖息在温度较低、溶氧量较高的山区河流中,喜生活在水温20℃以下、水深流急、水质清澈、无污染、两岸植被繁茂等生态环境优良的河流上游或支流中.哲罗鱼习性凶猛,体型硕大,曾发现体质量超过80kg,体长近2m长的个体.因哲罗鱼生长速度快,营养丰富,价格昂贵是虹鳟的3～5倍,深受养殖者和消费者的喜爱,是未来很有发展潜力的新兴冷水性养殖品种.

为了探究鸭绿江下游浮游植物群落的演替规律及与环境因子的关系,2012-2016年每年的春季(4月枯水期)和秋季(9月丰水期)进行2次采样调查.根据鸭绿江下游的环境特点,遵循采样点具有代表性的原则,以鸭绿江下游的宽甸县河口村为起点,以丹东市振兴区浪头镇为终点,共设7个采样点,对鸭绿江下游连续5年进行了浮游植物群落结构及水体理化因子的监测.结果表明,鸭绿江下游共鉴定出浮游植物77种,分属于7门47属,其中硅藻门30种,绿藻门28种,裸藻门6种,甲藻门3种,金藻门2种,隐藻门1种,群落组成以硅藻和绿藻为主.主要优势种有梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、克罗顿脆杆藻(Fragilaria crotonensis)、辐射圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus radiatus)和美丽星杆藻(Asterionella formosa).浮游植物生物量从上游至下游逐渐升高,2012-2014年的年际生物量较高,从2015年开始生物量骤减.影响浮游植物生物量最主要的环境因子是水温、透明度和总氮,生物量与水温、总氮呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与透明度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).

为了掌握卧龙湖浮游生物群落特征和环境影响因子,分别于2016年春、夏、秋、冬4个季节进行了采样调查.共检测到卧龙湖浮游植物7门57种,其中绿藻门种类最多,为26种,硅藻门18种,蓝藻门8种,裸藻门2种,甲藻门、金藻门、隐藻门各1种,主要优势种有类颤藻鱼腥藻(Anabeana osicellariordes)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)、螺旋形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus spiralis)、四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)、四足十字藻(Crucigenia tetrapedia).浮游植物种类组成随季节变化而演替,密度变化范围是841.1×104-8907.3×104 cells·L-1.水温是浮游植物种类组成和密度变化的主要影响因子.共鉴定浮游动物4个门类18种,分别是原生动物、轮虫类、枝角类和桡足类.其中轮虫类种类数最多,共10种,原生动物和枝角类各3种,桡足类2种.主要优势种有萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、长三肢轮虫(Filinia longisela)、长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris).水温和浮游植物密度是浮游动物种类组成和密度变化的主要驱动因子.浮游植物密度及优势种、营养状态指数(TSI)都表明卧龙湖处于富营养状态.

哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen Pallas),又称太门哲罗鱼,属于鲑形目,鲑科,哲罗鱼属,是我国大型的名贵冷水性鱼类.哲罗鱼肉质细腻,味道鲜美可口,营养价值高,富含蛋白质,是目前极具开发潜力的淡水品种.近几年哲罗鱼的研究主要集中在养殖技术、亲鱼运输及营养成分等方面,对哲罗鱼产品精深加工研究未见报道.

将全长(2.3±0.11)cm、体质量(0.096±0.017)g的哲罗鱼Hucho taimen Pallas稚鱼分别饲养在塑料大棚(Ⅰ组)和冷棚(无光)内(Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组)流水水泥池(4.0m×2.5m×0.5m)中,密度为每池1万尾,常规投饲养殖,水温由高至低为Ⅰ组(5.0～12.9℃)＞Ⅱ组(6.5～11.5℃)＞Ⅲ组(5.5～9.6℃).190d的培育结果表明:三组哲罗鱼幼鱼全长(L)与体质量(W)的关系式分别为:Ⅰ组W=0.0035L3.3547 (R2=0.9943)、Ⅱ组W=0.0035L3.3717 (R2=0.989)、Ⅲ组W=0.0036L33292(R2=0.9814);三组全长生长拐点均早于体质量生长拐点,温度越低拐点出现越早,且拐点间隔时间越短;Ⅰ组生长优于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).

The fishery productivity and water quality of Panjin section of Liaohe River from 2013 to 2016 were evaluated for 4 times.The results showed that the main pollution factors were permanganate index and total nitrogen. According to Surface Water Environment Quality Standard(GB3838—2002)and Fishery Water Quality Standard(GB11607—89),the water with such permanganate index and total nitrogen in 2013belonged to the classⅣ water quality,and the water form 2014 to 2016 belonged to classⅤand the classⅣwater quality standard,respectively.The indexes including water temperature,dissolved oxygen,transparency,PH value, total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen,petroleum,volatile phenol,mercury,copper,zinc,lead,chromium were all with the limits specified in Surface Water Environment Quality Standard(GB3838—2002)and Fishery Water Quality Standard(GB11607—89).

A total of 30 thousand of fry loach Barbatula barbatula nuda were reared in three aquaria of each 100 cm × 50 cm × 45 cm supplied with deep well water exposed to the sun 48 h and aerated daily in a greenhouse at the same stock density,and fed self-restraint granulated diet at water temperature of 18℃ in May of 2016.Then 2 thousand fingerlings with average total length of 5.30 ～6.04 cm and body weight of 1.10 ～ 1.38 g reared above were stocked into 4 round plastic barrels of each Φ 800 mm × 850 mm at a rate of 375 fish per barrel for the small-sized fingerlings and at a rate of 500 fish per barrel for the large-sized ones at daily water exchange rate of 2/3 of the total volume water and fed self-restraint granulated diet at 8:00 and 18:00 at feeding rate of some 3％ twice a day at water temperature of 16 ～ 19 ℃ for 114 d.It was found that the small-sized fingerlings had final total length of (7.49 ± 0.70)cm,final body weight of (3.09 ± 0.86) g,with weight gain rate of 0.02 g/d and survival rate of 95.2％,while the large-sized fingerlings had final total length of (8.50 ± 0.63) cm,final body weight of (4.59± 1.18) g,with weight gain rate of 0.03 g/d and survival rate of 67.5％.There was food conversion ratio of 1.13 during the culture period for both sized loach juveniles.The linear relationship between body weight (W) and total length (L) was expressed as Wsmdll=0.0057LT3.0831 (R2 =0.9273) for the small-sized fingerlings and Wlarger=0.005 8LT3.0533 (R2 =0.9136) for the large-sized fingerlings,with power of near 3,showing uniform growth.Thus,it is feasible for Barbatula barbatula nuda culture in an indoor tank.

The acute toxicity of ammonia nitrogen on Chalcalburnus chalcoides Aralensis was tested with routine creature toxicity analysis. The results showed that,under the condition of pH(7.7 ± 0.04),water temperature(15 ± 0.1)℃,the half lethal concentration of ammonia nitrogen at 24,48, 72 and 96 h on Chalcalburnus chalcoides Aralensis was 181.39,161.40,149.19 and 136.85 mg/L,respectively;the safe concentration was 13.685 mg/L.The half lethal concentration of non-ionic ammonia on Chalcalburnus chalcoides Aralensis at 24,48,72 and 96 h was 2.36,2.17,2.06 and 1.94 mg/L,respectively;while the safe concentration was 0.194 mg/L.

2016年5月-2017年11月对棋盘山水库水质进行了8次采样调查,检测结果表明主要污染物为总氮.采用流域综合水质指数法对棋盘山水库总体水质状况进行评价,2016年流域水质指数为3.50,2017年流域水质指数为3.25,该水库以Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水质为主.采用湖泊(水库)富营养化评价方法对水库富营养化状况进行评价,棋盘山水库在2年内除2016年坝前南岸呈现中营养状态,其它均呈现轻度富营养状态.

Using black and white bottle of oxygen measurement method,we determined of primary production of phytoplankton in Shuifeng Reservoir,and estimated fish productivity for silver carp and bighead carp.The results show that the primary productivity was 14.5 gO2/m2 by phytoplankton in Shuifeng Riservoie,silver carp and bighead carp production productivity was 17 284 333.5kg in Shuifeng Riservoie.The level of reservoir water eutrophication was higher,according to the reservoir water quality;scientific and rational develop fishery development planning scientific guidance fishery production.The implementation of reservoir fisheries health,sustainable development is of great significance.

哲罗鱼[Hucho taimen (Pallas)],又名哲罗鲑,属鲑形目,哲罗鱼属,主要分布在俄罗斯、蒙古、朝鲜、中国的东北和西北,其性凶猛,具有个体大、生长速度快和营养价值高等特性,在水域生态系统中位于食物链顶端,有“水中东北虎”之称[1-6].由于哲罗鱼性成熟后仍能够保持匀速生长,在鱼类和其他动物中极其少见,非常适合人工养殖[7-13],尤其其肉味鲜美,营养丰富[14],规格较小时能烹饪,规格较大时可做生鱼片食用,活鱼和冰鲜产品均可上市,养殖时间和销售途径可以随市场行情自由选择.因此,哲罗鱼是提质增效,渔民增收的养殖新品种.