《科学素质纲要(2021—2035年)》提出2025年和2035年我国公民科学素质的发展目标,本文从我国公民科学素质发展状况和结构特征、新时代面临的主要形势和发展要求、国内外公民科学素质的发展情况和主要趋势、制定公民科学素质发展目标的主要依据等方面展开解读和分析,并阐述了实现公民科学素质发展目标对于加快建成世界科技强国、实现人的全面发展、服务国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、服务构建人类命运共同体的重要意义.

Currently, intercultural communication competence is considered as an important topic for many professors and college students. In other words, the way of acquiring intercultural communication competence has become the focus in recent academic papers. This paper conducts a survey in Sichuan University of Arts and Science, involving 82 freshmen majoring in Business English. By the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, this paper is to discuss the obstacles influencing the cultivation of ICC of freshmen majoring in Business English. After this investigation, it can be concluded that most participants are sensitive to cultural differences, willing to have intercultural communication, and with certain cultural knowledge. At the same time, language barriers and lack of cultural knowledge hinder the formation of their ICC. Meanwhile, this paper puts forward three solutions accordingly, which serves as guidance for teachers in future intercultural communication teaching.

经济社会发展使得现代社会治理体系的构建离不开科学素质,科学素质是社会治理两大主体——政府和公众的微观能力基础.具体而言,公务员的科学素质会影响到其对社会风险认知、科学决策、规范行政和治理技术的应用;公众科学素质则会影响到公众的参与意识、法治意识和参与社会治理的能力.

随着我国经济社会进入高质量发展阶段,新时代公民科学素质发展面临深刻变化,正从了解科学知识向崇尚科学精神、掌握核心技能和方法,具备持续学习以适应新变化的能力转变.在当前科学素质测评体系的基础上,考虑从三个方面优化升级新时代公民科学素质测评体系:一是研发新时代公民科学素质测评指标;二是增加新时代公民科学素质行为指南和核心技能体系,三是将公民科学素质行为纳入形成综合评价体系.

站在新时代的历史节点上,回顾中国30年公民科学素质从概念到指标、从理论到实践、从学术到政策所走过的发展历程,总结梳理中国30年公民科学素质监测评估从译介引进到消化吸收、从研究关注到决策支撑、从跟跑并跑到创新领跑所亲历的实践探索,力求进一步明确我国公民科学素质测评的历史使命和发展方向,以期使公民科学素质指标在建设科技强国的征途中继续发挥重要作用,为世界促进公民科学素质、构建人类命运共同体贡献中国方案.

本文以2018年第十次中国公民科学素质调查结果为基础,从我国公民对科技的总体态度、对科技创新和重大科技成果的看法和支持程度三个方面展开分析,了解我国公民在经济社会快速发展和技术深度融入日常生活的时代背景下,对科技的态度和看法,总结我国公民对科技的态度特征以及变化趋势,探讨我国公民的科技价值观,分析在大力实施创新驱动发展战略背景和建设世界科技强国目标指引下,公民的科技态度与新时代科学文化的关系.

本文是对2018年中国公民科学素质抽样调查的概况和主要结果的描述与分析.力求从研究者的角度,通过对全国和32个省级行政区域的公民科学素质水平发展状况、公民获取科技信息和参与科普活动的情况以及公民对科学技术的态度等方面调查数据的综合计算、分析和比较,全面客观解读2018年中国公民科学素质调查及其数据结果的全貌,为国家和各地区"十三五"公民科学素质建设的中期评估和公民科学素质相关领域的研究提供基础数据和决策参考.

科学素质是一个不断发展的、兼具理论性和实践性的概念.公民科学素质监测评估工作既要考虑科学素质概念的新内涵和新变化,也要密切结合本土实践和实际需求,以求客观、科学地反映我国公民科学素质发展状况.本文从科学素质概念在评测实践中的演进、调查方式的创新、互联网时代的科学素质监测评估三个方面,梳理近年来公民科学素质监测评估领域的新发展和新趋势,为公民科学素质监测评估工作提出思考和展望.

一、公民科学素质指标(CSL指标) “科学素质”一词译自英文Scientific Literacy,是1952年由美国的教育改革家柯南特(J.B.Conant)首次提出的.历经半个多世纪的演进和发展,目前在我国“科学素质”也称“科学素养”,虽然二者的内涵各有所侧重,但在我国实际工作中通常被视为同义词.

本文基于2015年中国公民科学素质调查数据，从知识、态度、行为三方面分析我国公民对全球气候变化的整体认知和态度，并描摹出我国公民在性别、年龄、教育程度、城乡、地域等因素上的差异性认知，探索影响公民知识正确度、参与意愿及信心、环保行为参与度的主要因素，以及知识、态度、行为的一致性状况。最后简单讨论了我国的气候变化传播特色及政府和媒体在公众认知态度形成中的重要作用。

受传统观念、宗教习俗、文化教育以及个体特征的影响，女性群体在社会各方面处于弱势地位。2015年中国公民科学素质调查显示，女性公民科学素质水平远低于男性公民科学素质水平。在科技社会化日益加深的今天，公民科学素质水平性别明显差异，不仅影响了我国公民科学素质水平的整体提高，而且直接影响了女性公民享有科技成果的权益，加剧了女性公民在社会中的弱势地位。本文深入分析女性科学素质水平现状及其存在的问题，剖析了影响女性科学素质水平的原因，从保障女性公民享受平等机会和提升社会地位角度，提出要重视提升女性科学素质，加大措施增加女性获取科技知识信息的机会，进一步缩小科学素质水平的性别差距，使女性公民共享科技发展带来的成果。

the civil scientific literacy ( CSL) has an important influence on the construction of an innova-tive country, the economic transition and the overall development of the citizens. Survey methodology is used to measure the level of CSL. Based on the previous Chinese and international CSL survey data, we an-alyzed the development and pattern of change of CSL in China. For better understanding the important role of CSL and to implement the Outline of the National Action Scheme of Scientific Literacy for All Chinese Citizens (2006-2016-2020), we aimed to set the CSL development goals and provide some evidence for de-cision-making.

公民获取科技信息的渠道和途径是影响公民科学素质水平的重要因素，了解我国公民获取科技信息的渠道和来源、参加科普活动和利用科普基础设施的情况，分析不同群体获取科技信息的属性特征，对相关部门开展更有效的科学传播提供基础依据。此外，随着互联网的普及和信息技术的飞速发展，厘清新形势下公众获取科技信息渠道出现的新趋势，探讨新形势下科学传播的路径和策略，具有重要的实践意义。

>Scientific literacy is an important part of a population’s comprehensive quality.The improvement in citizens’scientific literacy is not only an intrinsic demand in the construction of an innovation-driven country,but also a foundation project to create the innovative environment

本文是对2015年中国公民科学素质抽样调查的概况和主要结果的描述与分析。力求从研究者的角度，通过对全国及32个省级行政区域的公民科学素质水平发展状况、公民获取科技信息和参与相关活动的情况及公民对科学技术的态度等方面调查数据的综合计算、分析和比较，全面客观解读2015年中国公民科学素质调查及其数据结果的全貌，为公民科学素质相关领域的研究和科学技术有关部门的决策提供基础数据和参考依据。

公民对科技的态度作为中国公民科学素质调查的重要组成部分为了解我国公民对科技的看法和态度提供了重要的数据基础，本文利用2015年第九次中国公民科学素质调查的结果，采用因子分析提取出公民对科技态度的基本因子，比较不同属性、不同群体公民对于科技的态度差异。通过以上分析，展现出公民对科技的态度和看法的全貌，为进一步深入了解我国社会语境下公民、科技与社会的关系提供参考。

To enhance Civic Scientific Literacy is critically important for the building of an innovation-based country and continuously bolstering national core competitiveness. Thanks to the promulgation of the Outline of the National Scheme for Scientific Literacy (2006-2010-2020) by the State Council in 2006, and the concerted efforts made by government institutions at various levels, substantial progress has been made in the improvement of scientific literacy, and it will embark on a new era of rapid development. Therefore,during the 13th five year plan period,great efforts should be made to take advantage of the good opportunities where the index of Civic Scientific Literacy will be increasing exponentially,make full use of informatization in science popularization,make the increasing of scientific literacy for the key targeted people as a prioritized task, as well as make a sharing mechanism for scientific literacy more firmly grounded. It is clear that all the aforementioned efforts will contribute enormously to the development goal set for the improvement of scientific literacy during that period.

Based on the data of Chinese public understanding towards science survey in 2010, it has set some items to get general public attitudes toward science and technology. In order to study the features of different people attitudes toward science and technology, we have developed a two-dimensional model of attitude toward science and technology fitted in China which was tested by the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), one dimension was Promise of science factor and the other one was Reservation about science factor. Through this model we got the structure of attitudes toward science and technology of different people in china, which is helpful for science policy-making and other fields of social research.

The research mainly uses the case studies method, the qualitative research method and the comparison study method to analyze whether social organizations participate in science communication in China is valid. About the contents of the research, the study firstly introduces the establishment of the Activity Center in the First Senior High School in Hong he county, Yunnan province. Secondly, the study describes the management and operation mode of the center. Next, the main body of the study focuses on whether the Activity Center as a science communication approach is a feasible way, in this part of the paper, it compares the functional properties of the Activity Center in the case and the general science and technology activity centers in China. The conclusion of the study is that the Activity Center in the case can be used as a carrier for science communication, for it disseminate science knowledge, has scientific concept, put emphasis on scientific training methods, and can improve the scientific literacy of students. The research also analyzes the conditions for social organizations involved in science communication. The conditions include establishing interests sharing, investment, motivation and supervision mechanisms to form a multi-win-win situation.