Granular cell basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare histopathological variant of BCC. Our review of the literature revealed only 17 previously identified cases. We report the case of a 47‐year‐old man who presented with an ulceration on his right upper lip which was subsequently removed. Histopathologic examination revealed that the tumor was composed solely of granular cells with numerous cytoplasmic eosinophilic round inclusion bodies. Mitotic figures ranged from 8 to 15 per 10 high‐power fields, with a Ki‐67 proliferative index of ~5%. Immunohistochemically, the granular cells showed strong and diffuse positivity for Ber‐EP4, pan‐cytokeratin, AE1/AE3, CK5/6 and p63 and focal positivity for lysozyme, CD68 (clone KP1) and Bcl‐2.

Recent technological advances have made a myriad of soft and flexible electronic devices possible. The essential materials behind many of these devices and systems are electrical conductors that are compliant and retain their conductivity at high strain deformation. These so‐called “compliant conductors” are the class of materials that enable stretchable and flexible electrodes, interconnects, and other components utilized in soft electronics. Creating conductors with high compliance, conductivity, and transparency is not a trivial matter, since these properties are often mutually exclusive. Furthermore, engineering reliable compliant conductors with a desired set of properties that remain fairly unchanged over long service lifetimes is an additional criterion that merits careful attention. These challenges have been addressed through at least two primary approaches. The first has been to create conducting composites that are intrinsically stretchable, typically by filling elastomers with conductive particles, or by depositing conductive particles on or just beneath the surface of elastomers. The second strategy has been to build conducting structures capable of reversible bending or stretching. In this review, the key research efforts toward the development of compliant conductors, including transparent conductors, are surveyed for application in flexible and highly stretchable electronic and electromechanical devices.

The freshly prepared water-wet amidoximated bacterial cellulose (Am-BC) serves as an effective nanoreactor to synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles by in situ polyol method. The obtained ZnO/Am-BC nanocomposites have been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The influence of the zinc acetate concentration on the morphologies and size of ZnO nanoparticles and the possible formation mechanism were discussed. The results indicated that uniform ZnO nanoparticles were homogeneously anchored on the Am-BC nanofibers through strong interaction between the hydroxyl and amino groups of Am-BC and ZnO nanoparticles. The loading content of ZnO nanoparticles is higher using Am-BC as a template than using the unmodified bacterial cellulose. The resultant nanocomposite synthesized at 0.05 wt% shows a high photocatalytic activity (92%) in the degradation of methyl orange.

An elastomeric transparent composite electrode has been fabricated comprising a percolation network of copper nanowires (CuNWs) embedded in the surface layer of an elastomeric polyurethane (PU) matrix. The composite electrode was fabricated by first forming a highly conductive CuNW network on glass, then overcoating with a layer of a liquid polyurethane precursor which was subsequently polymerized, and finally peeling off the resulting PU sheet. The composite retained the elastomeric stretchability of the polymer matrix. Pre-treatment of the CuNW network with 6-aminohexanoic acid enhanced the bonding between nanowires and PU matrix, and significantly improved the reversibility of the surface conductance of the composite electrode during repeated stretching at room temperature. The composite electrodes exhibited a low sheet resistance of <10(2) Omega sq(-1) at tensile strains up to 60%. High stretchability was obtained in a wide range of strain rates over 200 cycles of stretching. Morphological development during the stretching-releasing processes was consistent with the important role of the bonding between the nanowires and the PU matrix in the stretchability of the composite electrode.

It is essential to monitor the long-term glucose concentration in the blood of diabetic patients, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has become one of the most prominent markers of glycemic control in diabetes. This study presents an on-chip biosensor for detecting HbA1c as a ratio to total hemoglobin (Hb) based on impedance measurement, which allows for a label-free low-volume sample. The ring-shaped interdigital electrodes were coated with the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to immobilize the proteins and measure the impedance deviations. The roughness of the glass substrates was further improved by buffer oxide etchant (BOE), while distribution uniformity of the proteins was also improved and verified by fluorescent images. Various concentrations of Hb and HbA1c were measured via before–after impedance deviations. After the HbA1c separation process, the ratio of HbA1c to total Hb was measured by the differential capacitance (ΔC) of the proteins calculated from the equivalent circuit model. ΔC rises with the volume percent of HbA1c from 1% to 15% in 200 ng/μL Hb and 200 ng/μL HbA1c. The proposed detection method is very close to actual point-of-care diagnostics for diabetic patients, and features the advantages of low-cost and easy fabrication.

Due to the zero phase variation and impedance matching to free space, zero-index material is used to control the electromagnetic radiation patterns. We design a new type collimator and optical splitter structure based on nearzeroindex material. Such structures can implement the beam transformation from cylindrical wave to parallel wave and optical splitting. The numbers of the splitting beams,the width and the direction of the beams can be correctly tailored. All the simulation results show that our designs have perfect performance.

The concept of electromagnetic materials with limit parameters is proposed in this paper. The newphoton tunneling effect is found in zero permittivity layered dielectric structure and one-dimensional periodic structure including the infinite refractive index materials. Some key points are proposed,that is,howto realize and control the electromagnetic wave propagation in the one-dimensional periodic structures made up of electromagnetic materials with limit parameters and howto combine electromagnetic materials with limit parameters with the functional materials into newstructures with specific functions. And corresponding research methods are presented..

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is one of the most important diagnostic assays for the long-term mark of glycaemic control in diabetes. This study presents an affinity biosensor for HbA1c detection which is label-free based on the impedance measurement, and it features low cost, low sample volume, and requires no additional reagent in experiments. The ring-shaped interdigital electrodes (RSIDEs) are designed to promote the distribution uniformity and immobilization efficiency of HbA1c, and are further employed to characterize the impedance change and identify various concentrations of HbA1c. The self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thiophene-3-boronic acid (T3BA) is provided to modify the gold electrode surface. Afterwards, the esterification reaction between HbA1c and T3BA produces a relative change of electrical property on the electrode surface. The RSIDEs with SAM of T3BA exhibit a wide range from 100 to 10 ng/µL producing an approximate logarithmic decrease of impedance, a low detection limit of 1 ng/µL, a good selectivity and short-term stability for HbA1c determination. The remarkable advantages (miniaturization and low-cost) fill the bill of point-care diagnostics for portable sensor development.

To relieve the contradiction between rapid maneuvering performance and high stabilization performance in large angle maneuvering of flexible spacecraft,the high dimensional multi-objective optimization of the large angle rapid maneuvering control for flexible spacecraft is studied under model parametric uncertainties and external disturbances in space.Based on dynamics analysis of flexible spacecraft,a robust attitude maneuvering control strategy is designed.By analyzing the vibration excitation of flexible appendages with profile planning,a profile with smooth jerk is planned.A high dimensional multi-objective optimization model of flexible spacecraft is constructed.Based on an improved r-dominance multi-objective sorting evolutionary algorithm,the controller and the profile proposed are optimized simultaneously.By introducing preference information into high-dimensional optimization problem,the optimization algorithm proposed above transforms a normal method with which individuals are ranked by Pareto superior relationship.Also,the management of population is improved to ensure the usefulness and the diversity of the solutions obtained.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method proposed.

in order to obtain a soliton-like light propagation, we design a coupled resonator structure constructed with one-dimensional periodic metal-dielectric layers. Through tight-binding analysis and the Blochs theorem, we study its transmission mechanisms. Basing on the transmission mechanisms, we achieve a soliton-like light propagation in it with a group velocity being smaller light velocity in free space.

Highly flexible transparent capacitive sensors have been demonstrated for the detection of deformation and pressure. The elastomeric sensors employ a pair of compliant electrodes comprising silver nanowire networks embedded in the surface layer of polyurethane matrix, and a highly compliant dielectric spacer sandwiched between the electrodes. The capacitance of the sensor sheets increases linearly with strains up to 60% during uniaxial stretching, and linearly with externally applied transverse pressure from 1 MPa down to 1 kPa. Stretchable sensor arrays consisting of 10 × 10 pixels have also been fabricated by patterning the composite electrodes into X-Y addressable passive matrix.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a fascinating and renewable natural nanomaterial characterized by favorable properties such as remarkable mechanical properties, porosity, water absorbency, moldability, biodegradability and excellent biological affinity. Intensive research and exploration in the past few decades on BC nanomaterials mainly focused on their biosynthetic process to achieve the low-cost preparation and application in medical, food, advanced acoustic diaphragms, and other fields. These investigations have led to the emergence of more diverse potential applications exploiting the functionality of BC nanomaterials. This review gives a summary of construction strategies including biosynthetic modification, chemical modification, and different in situ and ex situ patterns of functionalization for the preparation of advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials. The major studies being directed toward elaborate designs of highly functionalized material systems for many-faceted prospective applications. Simple biosynthetic or chemical modification on BC surface can improve its compatibility with different matrix and expand its utilization in nano-related applications. Moreover, based on the construction strategies of functional nanomaterial system, different guest substrates including small molecules, inorganic nanoparticles or nanowires, and polymers can be incorporated onto the surfaces of BC nanofibers to prepare various functional nanocomposites with outstanding properties, or significantly improved physicochemical, catalytic, optoelectronic, as well as magnetic properties. We focus on the preparation methods, formation mechanisms, and unique performances of the different BC derivatives or BC-based nanocomposites. The special applications of the advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials, such as sensors, photocatalytic nanomaterials, optoelectronic devices, and magnetically responsive membranes are also critically and comprehensively reviewed.

In order to study one-dimensional solid-liquid phononic crystal,the dispersion equation which determines the existence condition of surface modes of one-dimensional solid-liquid phononic crystal was analytically deduced through the Bloch theory and boundary condition.Some surface modes can occur at the surface of a semi-infinite one-dimensional solid-liquid phononic crystal on special conditions.The surface modes for one-dimensional solid-liquid phononic crystal has evanescent displacement field within all layers.The numerical study verifies the analytical result.

为了弥补视频语义检索中视频底层特征与高层语义概念之间的"语义鸿沟",提出了一种基于反馈模糊图论的视频多语义标注算法。该算法首先构造一个包括所有数据的时间和空间分布信息的小样本集,据此进行人工标注并将其作为训练集。然后将模糊算子引入图论中,将语义概念间的关系模糊化,以实现模糊推理。最后将标注完成的测试集中的样本加入到训练集中,以完成视频标注的反馈。实验结果表明,使用反馈的模糊图不仅可以很好地建立语义概念间的关系,还能提高视频标注的准确率,表现出良好的性能。

In order to implement the rapid attitude maneuvering control of flexible spacecrafts in large-angle mobi-lity mode in the presence of inertia uncertainties and external disturbances in space, inspired by the model of cell membrane discharge, an adaptive robust attitude controller is proposed. In the investigation, first, the kinematics and dynamics of flexible spacecraft are analyzed. Then, an robust control law, which is based on the pre-planned attitude trajectory and is adaptive to uncertain inertia, is put forward to improve the rapid attitude maneuvering performance and suppress the vibration of flexible panels. Finally, to avoid the degradation of pointing accuracy and stability due to the attitude jump during the maneuvering, an improved adaptive robust controller is designed based on the dynamic model of cell membrane discharge. It is proved that the proposed controller guarantees the asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system. Moreover, under bounded inertia estimation errors, uniformly-ultimate bounded tracking errors can be obtained with the controller. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

Under model parametric uncertainties and external disturbances in space,this study investigates attitude maneuvering control for large angle rapid maneuvering and fast stable of flexible spacecraft.A cell membrane discharge model enlightened robust attitude maneuvering control law is designed.To cope with the existing model parametric uncertainties and external disturbances,a robust attitude maneuvering controller is proposed based on the nonlinear and coupled characteristics of flexible spacecraft.The problem of jump of attitude which will excite the elastic vibration mode during large angle maneuver of flexible spacecraft is studied.By using dynamics model of cell membrane discharge,an improved robust attitude maneuvering controller is proposed.When the errors of model parametric uncertainties and external disturbances are bounded,it is proved that the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded.Finally,by using the control parameters properly,the control performance can be improved and the control energy can be reduced.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust controller.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized through a facile polyol method using bacterial cellulose (BC) as a template. BC membrane was used as a host matrix to introduce quantitatively Zn2+ ions and then as nanoreactors to fabricate ZnO nanoparticles by hydrolysis of zinc acetate in a polyol medium. The influence of the concentration of zinc acetate and hydrolytic time on the morphologies and size of ZnO nanoparticles were investigated. The results indicated that the uniform spherical ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into BC fibers. The resulting nanocomposites show good mechanical properties and high photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl orange.

White polymer phosphorescent light-emitting diodes have been fabricated employing silver nanowire (AgNW)-polymer composite substrates. Solution processing is used to form all the layers in the devices, except for the cathode, for potentially low fabrication cost. The current efficiency in the front viewing direction is 20.3 cd A (1) for devices comprising two complementary dopants (bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C-2] (picolinato)Ir(III) (FIrpic) with sky blue emission and bis(1-phenylisoquinoline)(acetylacetonate) (Ir(piq)) for red emission). The efficiency is 42.3 cd A(-1) at 4000 cd cm(-2) for devices comprising the three primary colors (FIrpic, Ir(piq), and tris(2-(4-tolyl)pyridinato-N,C-2) (Ir(mppy)(3)), with green emission). These values are, respectively, 35% and 41% higher than those of control devices fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on glass substrates. The enhanced current efficiency is attributed to enhanced light out-coupling thanks to light scattering by the silver nanowires embedded in the transparent composite electrode.

Flexible luminescent membranes based on bacterial cellulose (BC) were successfully fabricated by the in situ synthesis of the CdSe nanoparticles on the BC nanofibers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed that CdSe nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed on the BC nanofibers. The thermal stability of BC was greatly increased with the inclusion of CdSe nanoparticles. The CdSe/BC nanocomposite exhibited good photoluminescence properties and excellent mechanical properties. This work provides an effective method for the construction of flexible BC membranes with photoluminescence properties, which are promising for applications in the fields of security papers, sensors and flexible luminescent membranes.

Ultrasound irradiation,alkali swelling,and ethanol solvent exchange were applied to treat bacterial cellulose(BC) as surface pretreatments to improve the reactivity of hydroxyl groups.The effects of the treated me-thods on the structure and crystallinity of BC were investigated.The adsorption properties and the kinetics of the treated BC for Zn2+ were characterized.The crystalline structure of BC was changed from cellulose Ⅰ to cellulose Ⅱ by alkali swelling and the as-obtained alkali cellulose was beneficial to the adsorption of metal ions.Ultrasound irradiation and ethanol solvent exchange didn′t change the crystal form.Compared with that BC hydrogel,the pretreatments could improve its adsorption behavior and the adsorption rate of Zn2+ could be well fitted by the pseudo-second rate model and the intraparticle diffusion model.