Photochromic luminescent materials have emerged as a pivotal approach for optical information storage. However, most reported photochromic systems rely on limited readout modes, low coloration contrast, and poorly understood defect-property correlations. Here, a chlorine-doped ZnS was developed through an anion-doping strategy using a molten salt shielding synthesis, integrating reversible photochromism (76.6% color contrast), excitation-dependent emission modulation (460-520 nm), persistent luminescence (PersL), and dynamic luminescence intensity modulation (96.8% intensity contrast). The distinct excitation energy thresholds, temporal duration, and de-excitation pathways of these optical phenomena suggest their origins in different defect species. Furthermore, by regulating the excitation energy (energy threshold 3.60 eV), different defect centers can be selectively activated, enabling multi-trap coupling and photochromism-mediated modulation of both photoluminescence (PL) and PersL. Leveraging the high color contrast and synergistic modulation mechanism, we developed a multilevel optical information encryption technology and preliminarily established the structure-property relationship between defects and optical responses. This work provides new perspectives for tailoring optical properties via defect engineering and advancing optical storage systems.

Stress whitening is a commonly observed phenomenon in plastic products such as polypropylene. This study examined the mechanism underlying bending-induced whitening in iPP products and proposed a practical industrial solution. The alpha-relaxation temperature (T alpha) was identified as a key transition point for the different whitening mechanisms of iPP. Below T alpha, with increasing deformation degree, the amorphous phase cavitation appeared in the early stage, followed by the development of fibrillar structure, which together led to a significant whitening phenomenon. Above T alpha, although cavitation still occurred in the initial deformation stage, its contribution diminished due to increased plastic deformation capacity. Moreover, crystal slipping became the dominant deformation factor in the later deformation stage, resulting in reduced whitening. Based on these insights, a simple blending modification method was proposed to reduce the whitening of iPP by utilizing the excellent plastic deformation capacity of aPP. The experimental results confirmed that the deformation mechanism of the aPP/iPP blended system was dominated by crystal slipping, which effectively inhibited cavitation. The blends exhibited up to approximately 50% enhancement in whitening resistance and 10% improvement in toughness by optimizing the aPP content. This concurrent improvement offered a viable industrial strategy for mitigating stress whitening in iPP applications.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a CT-based deep learning (DL) model (3D-ResNet-9) to predict disease-free survival (DFS) in clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and to validate its association with high-risk histopathology.,Methods: A total of 1,037 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study from two centers. The patients were divided into a training set (n = 742), an internal validation set (n = 215), and an external validation set (n = 80). The performance of the DL and clinical models was assessed using the C-index. Associations between DL model prediction score, DFS, and histopathology (aggressive subtypes, lymph node metastasis, visceral pleural invasion, and lymphovascular invasion) were evaluated using Cox and logistic regression analyses.,Results: The DL model achieved C-index values of 0.67 and 0.68 on the internal and external validation sets, which were comparable to the clinical model (0.72 and 0.73, respectively; all P > 0.05). The DL model prediction score independently predicted DFS in clinical stage IA LUAD, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 12.62 and 18.86 in the internal and external validation sets (P < 0.05), respectively. It also predicted DFS in pathological stage IA LUAD (HR = 2.117, P < 0.001). After adjustment for CT features, DL model prediction score correlated with aggressive LUAD and lymph node metastasis, beyond CT features (T-stage and composition).,Conclusions: The DL model developed in this study provided effective DFS prediction for risk stratification in stage IA LUAD. Its output correlated with high-risk histopathology independently of CT semantics, improving model interpretability.

To address the long-standing dilemma in smart patches and electronic skins, specifically, the trade-off between reliable adhesion and painless removal, as well as the difficulty in reconciling mechanical performance with multifunctional integration, this study developed a multifunctional thermo-responsive gelatin-based hydrogel patch (Gel/PAA/PDA@Ag/CTAB) through a synergistic molecular design strategy. The core innovation laid in leveraging the temperature-dependent conformational transition of gelatin triple helices to achieve reversible, on-demand switching of mechanical properties and interfacial adhesion. At 37 degrees C, the hydrogel exhibited high stretchability (fracture strain of 980%) and strong adhesion (25.66 kPa on porcine skin), ensuring secure attachment for long-term sensing without detachment. At 4 degrees C, rearrangement of the gelatin triple helix markedly enhanced hydrogel stiffness, while encapsulation of active groups by the triple helix weakened interfacial adhesion and peel strength, enabling gentle and painless removal. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrated excellent self-healing capability, high conductivity, and significant strain sensitivity (GF = 13.55), enabling stable monitoring of human motion across multiple body regions. Integration with a signal transmission system and a CNN-based algorithm allowed for gesture-based emergency communication recognition with an accuracy exceeding 90%. This work provides a systematic strategy for developing intelligent thermo-responsive patches that combine "strong adhesion-easy removal" with "sensing-communication" capabilities, offering broad potential for applications in flexible bioelectronics, smart health monitoring, and human machine interaction.

Ascorbic acid, a crucial antioxidant, is transported from blood to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via the choroid plexus (ChP). A noninvasive tool to visualize and quantify ascorbic acid transport process in the human brain is currently lacking. We aimed to determine whether 6-deoxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-ascorbic acid ([18F]FAA) PET can visualize and quantify ascorbic acid transport from blood to CSF via the ChP in humans. This prospective secondary analysis evaluated participants between May 2024 and September 2024. Eight participants underwent a 45-minute dynamic brain [18F]FAA PET/CT scan; 153 participants underwent a static [18F]FAA PET/CT scan. Tracer accumulation in ChP and CSF were measured in the lateral and fourth ventricles. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associated factors of [18F]FAA PET metrics. One hundred sixty-one participants (mean age, 48.0 years ± 15.7 [SD]; 90 women) were evaluated. Dynamic [18F]FAA PET showed rapid ChP tracer accumulation in the lateral and fourth ventricles, peaking at about 5 min post-injection followed by declining, while CSF [18F]FAA standardized uptake value progressively increased. The area under the curve of the time-activity curves from 0 to 40 min was significantly higher in the young group (<60 years, n = 4) than in the elderly group (≥ 60 years, n = 4) in the ChP. Multiple linear regression analyses showed age was independently and negatively associated with [18F]FAA accumulation in the ChP and CSF. [18F]FAA PET is a non-invasive tool for visualizing and assessing choroid plexus ascorbic acid transport in humans. (ChiCTR2300076126: http://www.chictr.org.cn/) with the Clinical Trial Registry (2023-09-25).

Background:Stem cells are widely applied in peripheral nerve repair; however, their therapeutic potential is constrained by immune rejection, inflammatory responses, and a poor regenerative microenvironment. Therefore, reducing the inflammatory response, improving the regenerative environment and dynamically monitoring these processes by imaging techniques are critical. This study examined the effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on acute sciatic nerve injury in rats. By employing intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI, the study monitored perfusion and explored how EA improves the regenerative environment to optimize stem cell transplantation outcomes. Methods:Seventy-two rats were randomly assigned to four groups: EA, EA + BMSCs, BMSCs, and PBS. EA was applied at GB30 and ST36. IVIM-MRI (perfusion fraction f), T2WI, histological staining, immunostaining (CD31, IL-1α, IL-10, PPARγ), and SFI were used to evaluate treatment effects. Results:At 2-4 weeks, the nerve perfusion fraction f in the EA group recovered faster than in the BMSCs group (p < 0.05). By week 4, the EA group showed the greatest myelin regeneration and nerve fiber restoration (p < 0.05). The expression of vascular marker CD31 and anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and PPARγ increased (p < 0.05), while pro-inflammatory marker IL-1α decreased in the EA and EA + BMSCs groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, f values were strongly correlated with histological and functional outcomes (p < 0.05). Conclusion:EA is more effective than BMSCs alone in promoting nerve repair, enhancing blood flow, and reducing inflammation. Moreover, EA enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of BMSCs. The perfusion fraction (f) is a sensitive biomarker for evaluating nerve repair and perfusion restoration.

Developing sustainable materials for next‐generation robotic protective layers demands a unique combination of excellent mechanical properties, dynamic adaptability, and multifunctionality. Here, a class of lignin‐derived polyurethane elastomers (LVPUs) is designed via a “dynamic locking” strategy, incorporating robust silyl ether bonds for structural stability and reversible imine bonds for adaptability within a lignin‐based crosslinked network. LVPUs exhibit outstanding tensile property, impact resistance, and solvent resistance in the locked state, ensuring reliable protection. Through dynamic bond exchange mechanisms, these elastomers can be effectively reprocessed via thermal treatment or room‐temperature hydrolysis, enabling versatile recycling. Additionally, LVPUs exhibit excellent photo‐thermal properties, reaching a surface temperature of ≈80 °C under 1 sun irradiation (0.1 W cm⁻ 2 ), and achieving efficient photo‐thermal‐electric energy conversion with an output voltage of ≈0.5 V. This study proposes an eco‐friendly strategy for developing next‐generation flexible protective materials for robotics that integrate multi‐aspect protection, recyclability and energy supply capabilities.

Retinal damage accounts for irreversible vision loss following ocular alkali burn (OAB), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Herein, using an OAB mouse model, we examined the impact of oxidative stress (OS) in retinal damage and its molecular mechanism. Results revealed that OS in the retina was enhanced soon after alkali injury. Antioxidant therapy with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) preserved the retinal structure, suppressed cell apoptosis and decreased retinal inflammation, confirming the role of OS. Moreover, enhanced OS was linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, mtDNA leakage and initiation of the cytosolic DNA-sensing signaling. The activation of the major DNA sensors cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGas) and cGAS-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS/STING) pathway was then identified. Notably, inhibiting cGAS/STING signaling with C-176 markedly reduced inflammation and cell apoptosis and ultimately protected the retina against OAB. Overall, our study reveals the vital function of OS in the occurrence of OAB-induced retinal damage and the involvement of cGAS/STING activation. Furthermore, our provides preclinical validation of the use of an antioxidant or a STING inhibitor as a potential therapeutic approach to protect the retina after OAB.

Thermosetting polyurethane elastomers, despite their widespread application in various industries, confront critical developmental constraints due to their non-recyclability and the strength-toughness trade-off. Herein, a molecular engineering strategy is proposed to tackle these challenges. The incorporation of acylsemicarbazide (ASC) moieties (oxalyl dihydrazide, 1,3-diaminourea) with mismatched hydrogen bond donor-acceptor stoichiometry within boroxine covalent networks enables precise tuning of binding energies, effectively circumventing excessive hydrogen-bond aggregates and optimizing energy dissipation to resist external stress. This strategy significantly enhances and toughens the thermosetting polyurethane, demonstrating ultrahigh tensile strength and elongation at break (69.15 MPa and 1559%, respectively), along with a remarkable toughness value of 461.8 MJ m-3. The dynamic dual-networks endow this high-performance thermosetting polyurethane with excellent fatigue resistance and impact resistance during long-term tensile cycles. Additionally, it exhibited excellent recyclability and notable self-healing capability. In summary, the proposed strategy of hydrogen bond donor-acceptor quantity mismatch provides a feasible molecular design approach for synthesizing thermosetting polyurethane elastomers that simultaneously possess superior mechanical performance and high dynamic properties.

Conductive hydrogel‐based wearable devices have attracted significant attention for seamless human integration in health monitoring, diagnosis, and human‐machine interaction. However, achieving multifunctional epidermal electronics with self‐healing, wide‐temperature tolerance, and therapeutic capabilities remains challenging. This study presents a PVA‐PAA‐PDA‐DES eutectic hydrogel fabricated via one‐pot synthesis, demonstrating 1040% stretchability, tissue adhesion, and high ionic conductivity (1.34 S·m −1 ). The hydrogel exhibits exceptional anti‐freezing (−40 °C, 0.14 S·m −1 ) and moisture retention (>0.5 S·m −1 after 30 days) through eutectic network formation. Integrated with AI, it enables precise motion sensing and information transmission, such as with the mobile phone keypad input method for individuals with hearing impairments or speech disorders. Moreover, the system achieves accurate scapulohumeral periarthritis monitoring and timely on‐demand thermotherapy, realizing closed‐loop pain management. This work highlights the significant potential of eutectic hydrogel‐based electronic skin, such as PVA‐PAA‐PDA‐DES, in next‐generation wide‐temperature range smart healthcare and information transmission applications.

BackgroundProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a major complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) plays a central role in PVR pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the effect of ADP-ribosylation factor-like 13B (ARL13B) on RPE EMT in PVR.MethodsThe expression of ARL13B in PVR specimens was analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The effect of ARL13B on RPE EMT was assessed by IF staining and Western blot. The proliferation and migration of RPE were measured with EdU and transwell and scratch assays, respectively. The EMT-related transcriptome was analyzed by bulk RNAseq. An intravitreal injection mouse model of PVR was used to investigate the role of ARL13B in PVR formation.ResultsImmunofluorescence revealed significantly reduced ARL13B levels in α-SMA-positive cells as compared with Pan-CK-positive cells in an epiretinal membrane derived from retinal tears. During EMT, TGFβ1 treatment remarkably reduced ARL13B expression and shortened the length of cilia in RPE cells. In line with this, ARL13B knockdown (KD) decreased the length of cilia and enhanced TGFβ1-induced EMT, evidenced by morphology change and a globally upregulated EMT-related gene expression in RPEs. Moreover, ARL13B KD enhanced TGFβ1-induced RPE proliferation and migration. Consistently, ARL13B KD promoted PVR formation in vivo. Mechanistically, ARL13B KD enhanced TGFβ1 signaling by increasing the phosphorylation and expression of Smad3.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a crucial role of ARL13B on TGFβ1-induced RPE EMT, highlighting the importance of ARL13B in PVR formation.

BACKGROUND The peritumoral region possesses attributes that promote cancer growth and progression. However, the potential prognostic biomarkers in this region remain relatively underexplored in radiomics. AIM To investigate the prognostic value and importance of peritumoral radiomics in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). METHODS This retrospective study included 409 patients with biopsy-confirmed LARC treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgically. Patients were divided into training (n = 273) and validation (n = 136) sets. Based on intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features extracted from pretreatment axial high-resolution small-field-of-view T2-weighted images, multivariate Cox models for progression-free survival (PFS) prediction were developed with or without clinicoradiological features and evaluated with Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and decision curve analyses. Risk stratification, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and permutation feature importance analysis were performed. RESULTS The comprehensive integrated clinical-radiological-omics model (ModelICRO) integrating seven peritumoral, three intratumoral, and four clinicoradiological features achieved the highest C-indices (0.836 and 0.801 in the training and validation sets, respectively). This model showed robust calibration and better clinical net benefits, effectively distinguished high-risk from low-risk patients (PFS: 97.2% vs 67.6% and 95.4% vs 64.8% in the training and validation sets, respectively; both P < 0.001). Three most influential predictors in the comprehensive ModelICRO were, in order, a peritumoral, an intratumoral, and a clinicoradiological feature. Notably, the peritumoral model outperformed the intratumoral model (C-index: 0.754 vs 0.670; P = 0.015); peritumoral features significantly enhanced the performance of models based on clinicoradiological or intratumoral features or their combinations. CONCLUSION Peritumoral radiomics holds greater prognostic value than intratumoral radiomics for predicting PFS in LARC. The comprehensive model may serve as a reliable tool for better stratification and management postoperatively.

A series of functional stimulus-response indicators based on the multi-color regulation mechanisms of Bragg's law were developed. However, they were basically fast-response and high-sensitivity systems. Herein, this paper introduced a novel approach using slow water infiltration to regulate structural color photonic band gaps (PBG), which was more conducive to temporal monitoring, with applications in water penetration, warning systems, and information encoding. The hollow SiO2 and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) films were employed as structural units, showing that the color-changing ability of the hollow SiO2-based structural color films was negatively correlated with the SiO2 thickness. Additionally, the RGB values were analyzed through images, demonstrating the slow color-changing characteristics of these films. The results indicated that both methods exhibited similar trends, confirming that these two characterization techniques effectively reflected the color change under water infiltration conditions. Furthermore, these bright and water-permeable materials, when used in conjunction with inverse PC structures for synergistic water-induced color-change response tags, were effective for reversible information recognition. Moreover, this type of material possessed excellent water-penetration rate adjustment capabilities, which could further enhance its encryption potential. Therefore, the hollow SiO2-based structural color material was further applied in fields such as large indoor cold storage warehouses and eco-smart aquariums. These tags were able to effectively prevent temperature rise risks in frozen goods due to power outages and served as built-in anti-counterfeiting labels, offering strong anti-counterfeiting capabilities.

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomers are widely used as substrates for flexible sensing due to their excellent toughness and self-healing properties. However, water interference seriously impacts the mechanical and self-healing performance of TPU. Herein, a novel hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene-based polyurethane (HPU) with water tolerance and self-healing properties was constructed by the synergy of water-sensitive dynamic imine bond and aliphatic long side chains (glycidyl methacrylate (GM)). The introduction of GM enhances the water tolerance of HPU and reduces the polymer segment symmetry. This enables segment mobility to activate the dynamic imine bond metathesis, crucial for the self-healing of HPU. With this unique structure, HPU exhibits outstanding water tolerance, remaining stable underwater for 3 days without significant mechanical property decay. It also has a high self-healing efficiency, over 95% at 35 degrees C in 24 h and 79% underwater. In addition, HPU shows excellent mechanical properties (tensile strain: 1171%, tensile strength: 4.2 MPa, toughness: 34.9 MJ/m3). These excellent properties endow HPU with great potential in practical applications, especially in humidity-sensing. The humidity-sensing application based on HPU has a broad detection range (11-95% relative humidity (RH)) and stable signals in water. This elastomer, with excellent water tolerance and high self-healing, is expected to expand the practical applications of flexible sensing materials in harsh humidity or underwater environments.

AIM:To establish evidence-based guidelines for the application of the foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) in managing severe ocular trauma and silicone oil-dependent eyes. METHODS:We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases, screening, extracting, and evaluating research evidence. Experts in ocular trauma and vitreoretinal surgery provided practical insights and formulated key questions. Using the Delphi method, the working group identified seven clinical issues and established outcome indicators. Seven recommendations were developed, reviewed, and approved by a multinational consensus expert group. RESULTS:This consensus presents seven evidence-based recommendations for FCVB implantation, emphasizing the importance of patient assessment, FCVB model selection, and intraoperative and postoperative management. Each recommendation is supported by detailed explanations and evidence, highlighting the potential benefits of FCVB as an alternative to traditional treatments for severe ocular trauma and silicone oil-dependent eyes, including reduced complications and improved visual outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of existing literature and expert consensus, this consensus provides evidence-based guidance for FCVB application in treating severe ocular trauma and silicone oil-dependent eyes. The recommendations serve as a valuable resource for ophthalmologists, facilitating more effective and safer treatment options for patients.

Objectives To compare aetiology, microbiological isolates and antibiotic susceptibilities of endophthalmitis between children and adults.Design Retrospective observational study.Participants Patients admitted to Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2013 and December 2019 with clinically diagnosed endophthalmitis were included.Outcome measures The aetiology, microbiological isolates and antibiotic susceptibilities of endophthalmitis were analysed.Results Of 1803 patients, 430 (23.8%) were aged ≤16 years. In both children and adults, the main aetiology was trauma (85.6% vs 64.7%, p<0.05). Streptococcus species (spp.) (28.8%) were most prevalent in paediatric post-traumatic endophthalmitis; whereas, coagulase-negative staphylococci (36.9%) were dominant in adults. In postoperative endophthalmitis, all children had bacterial infections, while fungal infections accounted for 12.5% in adults. In endogenous endophthalmitis caused by fungi, Candida was most prevalent in adults (26.9%); whereas, all causative fungi involved filamentous fungi in children. Isolated bacteria in children presented a higher susceptibility in 7 of 11 antibiotics compared with those in adults. Levofloxacin had the highest susceptibility rate in children (97.9%), and ofloxacin had the highest susceptibility rate in adults (90.6%).Conclusion The main aetiology was trauma, with a higher proportion in children than in adults. The microbial profile of paediatric endophthalmitis was different from those of adults. Susceptibilities of causative bacteria to most antibiotics were higher in children than in adults.

The research on composite materials with rainbow color (structural color) and ultraviolet excitation characteristics (fluorescence) is the development direction of the new generation of functional photonic engineering materials. Herein, composite materials composed of hollow SiO2 photonic crystals (PCs) with nanometer thickness and PEGDA gel containing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were prepared to achieve fluorescence regulation effect and thus apply in multi-level intelligent anti-counterfeiting. Due to the SiO2 shell thickness of 20-41 nm, the Bragg diffraction law explained that the material underwent secondary refraction, resulting in a wide photonic band gap (PBG). On the other hand, due to the comparison of refractive index between air (n=1) and composite material (n=1.46), the transmittance of the composite materials were only 21% -26%, indicating strong refractive ability. Therefore, we constructed a PC structure with a wide photonic bandgap (PBG) to provide better wavelength selectivity and coverage range, which would significantly increase the effect of structural color on fluorescence. Based on the unique quantum dot size effect of GQDs, we also investigated the fluorescence enhancement effect with 157 nm FWHM located on PC materials. Therefore, artificial design and control of both fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence suppression had been achieved through multi-level regulation of structural color. We further utilized these properties to create multi-level anti-counterfeiting verification patterns, such as a 3×3 digital encoding matrix. The authenticity of the product information must be verified through stepwise identification under specified conditions. This intelligent anti-counterfeiting technology offers a novel approach to safeguard information security.

Acrylate had developed rapidly because of its excellent chemical resistance, high-gloss surface, and weather resistance. However, the poor heat resistance of acrylate limited its application in coatings. To overcome this problem, an organic-inorganic hybrid polymer of zirconium silicone resin (ZSR)-modified acrylate has been successfully synthesized by solution polymerization. The results indicated that the heat resistance of acrylate was significantly improved due to the Si-O-Si and Si-O-Zr structures of ZSR and the increased cross-linking density induced by ZSR. After the incorporation of ZSR, the decomposition temperatures of 5% of acrylate increased from 300.4 and 349.2 degrees C. The performance of the ZSR/(P(MMA/BA)) showed no significant change in uniformly heating at 200 degrees C for 24 h. The composite films showed hydrophobicity, with the contact angles increasing to more than 90 degrees. The S4 sample displayed the outstanding comprehensive performance, that is, 5% weight loss at 341.3 degrees C, water contact angle of 97.9 degrees, elongation at break of 852%, and tensile strength of 9.9 MPa. The high-performance heat resistant coating is a promising material for application in architecture, decoration, and mechanical equipment.

Commodity fraud poses significant economic and public health risks while jeopardizing market stability. A promising avenue for addressing this issue involves the incorporation of physical unclonable function (PUF) in anti-counterfeiting labels for commodity authentication purposes. PUFs are a large number of unbreakable security labels generated through a random process, which exhibit unique physical pattern responses that are impervious to replication. In particular, a novel kind of a PUF model, called structural color-based PUFs, combing the structural color characteristics of angle-dependent stability and brightness with unclonable property, offers unassailable encryption capabilities and serves as a formidable safeguard against forgery. This review undertakes a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in PUF technology leveraging structural color materials. Moreover, it provides a systematic description of the recognition and authentication technology employed in optical structural color PUFs. Finally, a prospective summary and outlook is proposed to explain existing challenges, and highlight potential developments in anti-counterfeiting technology incorporating structural color PUF labels.